當代商學概論

前言

國際商學（International Business Studies）作為一門學科在國外已經(jīng)有半個多世紀的歷史，已經(jīng)從最初的基于實際需要的實用主義探討漸變?yōu)楫斀竦睦碚摵蛯嵺`兼具的科學的、規(guī)范的和系統(tǒng)的學科專業(yè)體系。隨著其學科體系的不斷完善，社會對其在經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中的重要性的認識逐步加深，各行各業(yè)中國際商學人才供需矛盾的日益凸現(xiàn)以及國際商學院或國際商學系在國外大學的紛紛設(shè)立，使得國際商學走向成熟和繁榮具有了堅實的組織基礎(chǔ)。近三十年來，國外出版了大量的國際商學研究著作和國際商學專業(yè)教材，這又為國際商學理論的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了良好的條件。改革開放前后，為適應對外經(jīng)貿(mào)交流合作對涉外人才的需要，國內(nèi)一些高校先后開設(shè)了涉外專業(yè)，國家在不同地區(qū)開辦了對外貿(mào)易學院（或大學），這極大地推動了國內(nèi)、國際商學理論研究和國際商科的學科建設(shè)。近十多年來，無論從理論研究還是從人才培養(yǎng)看，國際商學的發(fā)展突飛猛進，國內(nèi)不少知名大學紛紛成立國際商學院或國際商學系，甚至民辦獨立學院也開辦了國際商學專業(yè)。這無疑會促進國際商學的學科建設(shè)、理論研究和人才培養(yǎng)。當然，應該看到，國內(nèi)的國際商學研究仍然存在著不少值得嚴重關(guān)切的問題。例如，學科理論體系和基礎(chǔ)尚不健全；理論研究尚處于初探階段，國際商學內(nèi)容體系尚未完全成形，人才培養(yǎng)尚缺乏師資支撐，以及國際商學教學尚無配套的優(yōu)質(zhì)教材等?！爱敶虒W”（Contemporary Business）在國際商學研究體系中具有舉足輕重的地位，這不僅因為它在國際商學研究體系中處于基礎(chǔ)地位，還因為它在國際商學研究體系中處于核心地位。“當代商學”是國際商學的“先導”和“入場券”。正因為如此，國外出版了大量的國際商學基礎(chǔ)研究著作和形式多樣的當代商學教材。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，僅在美國出版的當代商學教材就多達八十余種，有關(guān)當代商學研究的著作則難計其數(shù)。然而，縱觀目前國內(nèi)圖書市場，國際商學研究不僅為數(shù)不多，而且基本上都是用漢語寫成，而種類繁多的國際商務英語圖書，從商務英語閱讀到寫作與函電，從商務英語聽力到會話與談判，再到商務英語手冊與辭典，基本注重國際商務實務，對國際商學理論一般都不涉及，難以與國外對接。從國外引進的國際商學理論著作和教材又存在語言艱深、}肖化困難、價格昂貴、與國情脫節(jié)等問題。于是，國際商學和國際商務英語學習者，尤其是大專院校本科生、研究生以及具有相當英語水平的社會人士陷于這樣一種尷尬的境地：他們掌握了一定的英語語言技能，也掌握一些國際貿(mào)易實務技能，但希望能夠借助已有的英語知識和能力更加全面地掌握國際商學理論知識，了解國際商學研究的前沿動態(tài)，進一步提高自己的國際商學理論素養(yǎng)甚至英語水平，解決實際工作中遇到的問題。令人遺憾的是，這樣一部用英語撰寫的國際商學理論著作或教材在國內(nèi)市場難覓其蹤跡。

內(nèi)容概要

　　國際商學（International Business Studies）作為一門學科在國外已經(jīng)有半個多世紀的歷史，已經(jīng)從最初的基于實際需要的實用主義探討漸變?yōu)楫斀竦睦碚摵蛯嵺`兼具的科學的、規(guī)范的和系統(tǒng)的學科專業(yè)體系。隨著其學科體系的不斷完善，社會對其在經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中的重要性的認識逐步加深，各行各業(yè)中國際商學人才供需矛盾的日益凸現(xiàn)以及國際商學院或國際商學系在國外大學的紛紛設(shè)立，使得國際商學走向成熟和繁榮具有了堅實的組織基礎(chǔ)。近三十年來，國外出版了大量的國際商學研究著作和國際商學專業(yè)教材，這又為國際商學理論的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了良好的條件。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1  Contemporary Business: Some Basic Concepts1.1 Foundation of Contemporary Business1.1.1 Business and business activities1.1.2 Business and business people1.2 Economic Forces Affecting Business1.2.1 Competition1.2.2 Supply and demand1.3 The Business Environment1.3.1 The socio-cultural environment1.3.2 The economic environment1.3.3 The political environment1.3.4 The technological environment1.3.5 The competitive environment1.3.6 The physical environment1.3.7 The global business environment 1.4 How Government Affects Business ActivitiesChapter 2 Sole Proprietorship and Partnership2.1 Aspects of Small Businesses2.1.1 Some basic facts about small businesses2.1.2 Get prepared to leap into your business2.1.3 Three common ways of establishing a small business2.1.4 Small business operations and management2.1.5 Contributions of small business to the society2.2 Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship2.2.1 Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial teams2.2.2 Entrepreneurial characteristics: personal qualities of an entrepreneur 2.3 Sole Proprietorship2.3.1 Advantages of sole proprietorship2.3.2 Disadvantages of sole proprietorship2.4 Partnership2.4.1 Major types of partnership2.4.2 Steps of establishing a partnership2.4.3 Elements of a good partnership agreement2.4.4 Advantages and disadvantages of partnershipChapter 3 Corporation Start-up and Expansion3.1 Basic Aspects of Corporations3.1.1 Corporations and their common characteristics3.1.2 Classification of corporations3,1.3 Major types of corporations in the US3.1.4 Other types of corporations3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of General Corporations3.2.1 Advantages of general corporations3.2.2 Disadvantages of general corporations3.3 The Establishment and Corporate Structure of a Corporation3.3.1 Steps of launching a corporation3.3.2 Corporate structure3.4 Mergers and Acquisitions3.4.1 How mergers occur3.4.2 Current trends in mergers and acquisitions3.5 Other Types of Business Organization3.5.1 Syndicates and technical partnerships3.5.2 Cooperatives3.5.3 FranchisesChapter 4 Social Responsibility and Business Behavior4．1 Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Importance4．7．7 Defining corporate social responsibility 4．7．2 The importance of CSR to business and society 4．2 Personal and Organizational Ethics4．2．7 Ethical behavior begins with personal morals 4．2．2 Organizational ethics begins with top management 4．2．3 Legality is only the first and final ethical desideratum 4．3  Ethical Behavior and Corporate Decisions4．3．7 Identify the nature of ethics and ethical issues 4．3．2 Ethical dilemmas and ethical lapses 4．3．3 Basic approaches to ethical decision making 4．3．4 Steps of making sound ethical decisions 4．4 Management of Corporate Social Responsibility4．4．7 Factors affecting corporate social responsibility management 4．4．2 Setting corporate ethical standards 4．4．3 Social accounting and auditing 4．5 Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility4．5．7 Assessing your CSR situation 4．5．2 Designing your CSR strategies 4．5．3 Clarifying your CSR commitments 4．5．4 Implementing your CSR programs 4．5．5 Checking CSR progress and evaluating performance Chapter 5 International Trade and Global Markets5．1 International Trade and Reasons for International Trade5．7．7 Defining international trade 5．1．2 Reasons for international trade 5．1．3 Possible benefits of international trade 5．2 Forms of International Business Activity5．2．7 Importing and exporting 5．2．2 International licensing 5．2．3 International franchising 5．2．4 International strategic alliances and joint ventures 5．2．5 Running wholly-owned facilities 5．3 Multinational Corporations5．3．7 Defining multinational corporations 5．3．2 Advantages of multinational corporations 5．3．3 Disadvantages of multinational corporations 5．4 International Trade Balance and Finance5．4．7 Balance of trade 905．4．2 Trade deficits and surpluses 5．4．3 Balance of payments 5．4．4 Exchange rates 5．4．5  International trade finance 5．5 Barriers to International Trade5．5．1 Tar5．5．2 Quota 5．5．3 Subsidies 5．5．4”Voluntary”export restraint 5．5．5 Exchange controls and export controls5．5．6 Embargoes 5．5．7 Unfair trade practices 5．6 Trade Agreements，Organizations and Blocs5．6．7 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization 5．6．2 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation 5．6．3 Other malor international trading blocs 5．6．4 Unilateral trade privileges 985．6．5 International trade finance and organizations ……Chapter 6 Management Fundamentals and PlanningChapter 7 Organizing and Organizational DesignChapter 8 Staffing and Human Resources ManagementChapter 9 Leading and Organizational CommunicationChapter 10 Controlling and Quality ManagementChapter 11 Manufacturing and Service Operations ManagementChapter 12 Marketing and Consumer NetworksReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：1．1．1 Business and business activitiesA business，also called a firm or an enterprise，is a legally recogllized organization designed to provide goods and／or services to consumers for profits or for non-profit purposes．Businesses are predominant in market economies，the great majority being privately owned in most parts of die world and formed to increase the wealth of its owners and grow the business itself．Procedures of starting a business vary with countries．In the United States．starung a small business is pretty easy Submit a business plan，change the message on your answering machine，buy a computer, create a website，and you begin to sell your products over t}le telephone．But in some other countries，it may take 6 montns． and there is a required minimum investment：$35，000 in Germany and$60．000 in Republic of Korea．Application procedures used to be extremely complicated in China，and it took a very long time to complete all the procedures，but they have been reduced to the greatest extent，with the standardization of government and regulation．    The Success of a business depends on a wide range of factors．A good business must start with a good vision and a good mission．It must have clear and realistic objectives and goals．It must have its development plans and strategies．It must haye the necessary resources and t11e right ways of using t11ese resources．The success of a business also requires a great deal of hard work，admirable wisdom and great courage on the Dart of Its owners and management teams．A successful business must satisfy customer needs， earn profits，be managed efficiendy,and be socially responsible．

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