神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育

內(nèi)容概要

　　《神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育(原著第3版)(導(dǎo)讀版?英文版)》由三位知名學(xué)者主筆，以現(xiàn)在和既往的重要實(shí)驗(yàn)與觀察結(jié)果為例，對(duì)業(yè)已建立的和正在演變的神經(jīng)發(fā)育原理進(jìn)行廣泛和基礎(chǔ)的討論。
　　《神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育(原著第3版)(導(dǎo)讀版?英文版)》按照個(gè)體發(fā)生的順序組織內(nèi)容。從出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)原基開始，隨后每一章節(jié)按神經(jīng)發(fā)育事件出現(xiàn)的順序組織：神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的模式建成和生長(zhǎng)，神經(jīng)元命運(yùn)決定，軸突導(dǎo)向和靶點(diǎn)尋找，神經(jīng)元存活與死亡，突觸形成與發(fā)育的可塑性。在結(jié)構(gòu)部分基本完成后，最后一章討論了行為的出現(xiàn)。
　　新版的《神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育》反映了通過新的分子遺傳學(xué)和細(xì)胞生物學(xué)方法的應(yīng)用取得的最新成果。豐富的彩色照片和原始繪圖，輔以簡(jiǎn)明的敘述，使《神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育(原著第3版)(導(dǎo)讀版?英文版)》非常適合這一有趣領(lǐng)域的初涉者，包括高年級(jí)本科生、研究生和研究人員。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

丹?薩內(nèi)斯，Dan H．Sanes教授，紐約大學(xué)神經(jīng)科學(xué)中心。Thomas A．Reh教授，華盛頓大學(xué)生物結(jié)構(gòu)系。William A．Harris教授，劍橋大學(xué)生理、發(fā)育及神經(jīng)科學(xué)系。

書籍目錄

第三版序
第二版序
第一版序
1．神經(jīng)誘導(dǎo)
　神經(jīng)元的發(fā)育與進(jìn)化
　多細(xì)胞動(dòng)物的早期胚胎學(xué)
　神經(jīng)組織的衍化
　神經(jīng)組織產(chǎn)生時(shí)與相鄰組織的相互作用
　神經(jīng)誘導(dǎo)物的分子屬性
　神經(jīng)誘導(dǎo)的保守性
　調(diào)控神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞分離時(shí)外胚層細(xì)胞間的相互作用
　小結(jié)
　參考文獻(xiàn)
2．極性與分節(jié)
　神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的區(qū)域性特征
　前-后軸與hox基因
　Hox基因在脊椎動(dòng)物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中的功能
　調(diào)控脊椎動(dòng)物前一后軸模式建立的信號(hào)分子：頭或尾
　腦發(fā)育的組織中心
　前腦發(fā)育，前腦結(jié)(prosomeres)與pax基因
　神經(jīng)管的背一腹極性
　背側(cè)神經(jīng)管與神經(jīng)脊
　大腦皮層模式的建立
　小結(jié)
　參考文獻(xiàn)
3．發(fā)生與遷移
　什么決定由前體細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的細(xì)胞數(shù)目？
　神經(jīng)元與膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的產(chǎn)生
　大腦皮層的組織發(fā)生
　小腦皮層的組織發(fā)生
　神經(jīng)元遷移的分子機(jī)制
　胚胎后期與成體的神經(jīng)發(fā)生
　小結(jié)
　參考文獻(xiàn)
4．命運(yùn)決定與分化
　細(xì)胞譜系的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控組織次序：線蟲神經(jīng)元
　命運(yùn)決定過程的時(shí)間與空間協(xié)同：果蠅中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞
　不對(duì)稱細(xì)胞分裂與細(xì)胞命運(yùn)決定
　細(xì)胞間相互作用產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜性：果蠅視網(wǎng)膜
　細(xì)胞間相互作用和與微環(huán)境的相互作用決定細(xì)胞命運(yùn)：脊椎動(dòng)物神經(jīng)脊細(xì)胞
　響應(yīng)性與組織發(fā)生：哺乳動(dòng)物大腦皮層
　組織發(fā)生過程中內(nèi)外因素的整合：脊椎動(dòng)物視網(wǎng)膜
　形成素的濃度梯度與細(xì)胞類型的空間組織：脊髓運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元
　小結(jié)
　參考文獻(xiàn)
5．軸突生長(zhǎng)與導(dǎo)向
　生長(zhǎng)錐
　動(dòng)態(tài)的細(xì)胞骨架
　樹突的形成
　生長(zhǎng)錐怎樣持續(xù)生長(zhǎng)?
　什么給生長(zhǎng)錐提供導(dǎo)向信號(hào)？
　細(xì)胞黏附及示蹤的通路
　排斥性導(dǎo)向信號(hào)
　趨化性，梯度與局部信號(hào)
　信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)
　中線：穿過還是不穿過？
　吸引與排斥：脫敏及適應(yīng)性
　視覺通路：從這里到那里
　小結(jié)
　參考文獻(xiàn)
6．靶點(diǎn)區(qū)選擇
　軸突解聚
　靶點(diǎn)區(qū)識(shí)別與進(jìn)入
　在靶點(diǎn)區(qū)減速并形成分支
　邊界巡防：阻止不當(dāng)?shù)陌邢蜻x擇
　定位圖繪制
　化學(xué)專一性和ephrins
　三維的、板層特異的終末定位
　細(xì)胞和突觸的靶向
　……
7．自然發(fā)生的神經(jīng)元死亡
8．突觸形成與功能
9．突觸連接的精細(xì)化
10．行為發(fā)育
分子與基因名稱索引
專業(yè)名詞索引

章節(jié)摘錄

版權(quán)頁：插圖：The human brain is made up of approximately 100 billionneurons and even more glial cells. The sources of all theseneurons and glia are the cells of the neural tube, describedin the previous chapters. Neurogenesis and gliogenesis, thegeneration ofneurons and glia during development, is collectively also called histogenesis. Once the neurons and glia aregenerated by the progenitors during development, they almostalways migrate over some distance from their point of ori-gin to their final position. This chapter describes the cellularand molecular principles by which the appropriate numbersof neurons and glia are generated from the neural precursors,and gives an overview of some of the complex cellular migra-tion processes involved in the construction of the brain. Thenumber of cells generated in the developing nervous systemis likely regulated at several levels. In some cases, the pro-duction of neurons or glia may be regulated by an intrinsiclimit in the number of progenitor cell divisions. The level ofproliferation and ultimately the number of cells generated canalso be controlled by extracellular signals, acting as mitogens,promoting progenitor cells to reenter the cell cycle or alterna-tively as mitotic inhibitors that induce progenitor cells to exitfrom the cell cycle. However, as we will see in Chapter 7, thenumber of neurons and glia in the mature nervous system is afunction not only of cell proliferation, but also of cell death.   As we saw in Chapter V the nervous system of C. elegans（as well as the rest of the animal） is derived from a highly ste-reotyped pattem of cell divisions. Therefore, in these animals,the lineages of the cells directly predict their numbers. Theregulation of these cell divisions appears to depend less on inter-actions with surrounding cells than is the case in vertebrates.The lineages of the C. elegans progenitor cells also predict theparticular types ofneurons that are generated from a particularprecursor, and it appears that the information to define a giventype of cell resides largely in factors derived directly from theprecursors. The same is true for the neuroblasts that producethe Drosophila central nervous system: the production ofneu-rons from the neuroblasts is highly stereotypic. The neuroblasts of the insect CNS delaminate from the ventral-lateral ecto-derm neurogenic region in successive waves （see Chapter 1）.In Drosophila, about 25 neuroblasts delaminate in each seg-ment, and they are organized in four columns and six rows （Doeand Smouse, 1990）. Once the neuroblast segregates from theectoderm, it undergoes several asymmetric divisions, givingrise to approximately five smaller ganglion mother cells. Eachganglion mother cell then divides to generate a pair ofneurons.These neurons make up the segmental ganglia of the ventralnerve cord and have stereotypic numbers and types of neurons. In the vertebrate, the situation gets considerably more com-plex. The neural tube of most vertebrates is initially a singlelayer thick. As neurogenesis proceeds, the progenitor cellsundergo a large number of cell divisions to produce a muchthicker tube. A section through the developing spinal cord isshown in Figure 3.1A, and an example of a progenitor cell isshown as a schematic in Figure 3.1B and in the actual neu-ral tube in Figure 3.1C, labeled with a fluorescent protein tovisualize the cell as it progresses through a cell division. Atthis stage of development, almost all the cells in the neuraltube resemble those shown in Figure 3.1B,C, with a simplebipolar shape. They extend one process to the central canalof the neural tube （named the ventricular surface because it iscontinuous with the ventricles of the brain） and they extendtheir other process to the outer surface of the neural tube.If one were just to look at the nuclei of the neural tube atthis stage, there would appear to be many cell layers, and at1irst, the early neurohistologists thought this was the case.However, in the early 1900s it was recognized that the cells of the neural tube move their nuclei from the inside of the neu-ral tube to the outside during each cell cycle. This movement can be directly observed using time lapse recording of cellslabeled with fluorescent proteins （Figure 3.1C）. This constantnuclear movement is termed interkinetic nuclear migration.In this process, the nuclei move to the inner, ventricular sur-face moment just before mitosis, and divide into two daugh-ter cells; then the nuclei of these daughter cells move awayfrom this surface during S-phase; but wherever they are justbefore the next mitosis, they rapidly move back to the ven-tricular surface to complete division （Norden et al., 2009）.

編輯推薦

《神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育(原著第3版)(導(dǎo)讀版?英文版)》特點(diǎn)：涵蓋廣泛的概念和實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)策略、對(duì)重要發(fā)育事件的分子和遺傳基礎(chǔ)列出綱要、包含關(guān)鍵實(shí)驗(yàn)的全彩色圖表和照片，以及設(shè)計(jì)方法。

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