英語語音學(xué)

內(nèi)容概要

　  《超越概念·高等院校英語專業(yè)系列教材：英語語音學(xué)》系統(tǒng)介紹英語語音和音位的理論與知識，每一個術(shù)語或觀點都用實例來演示。每個章節(jié)之后附有練習(xí)和閱讀書目，用以加強(qiáng)語音訓(xùn)練和鞏固理論知識。《超越概念·高等院校英語專業(yè)系列教材：英語語音學(xué)》通俗易懂，側(cè)重語音實踐，具有很強(qiáng)的可教性與可學(xué)性。

作者簡介

　  何其莘博士，北京外國語大學(xué)教授，博士生導(dǎo)師。1994年-2005年任北外副校長，現(xiàn)為中國人民大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院院長、教育部高校英語專業(yè)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會主任、全國翻譯碩士專業(yè)學(xué)位教育指導(dǎo)委員會副主任、全國英語文學(xué)學(xué)會會長、全國有突出貢獻(xiàn)的中青年專家?！? 楊孝明博士，教授。畢業(yè)于西安外國語大學(xué)，后獲英國諾丁漢大學(xué)英語碩士學(xué)位、美國鮑陵格林州立大學(xué)英語博士學(xué)位?，F(xiàn)為新澤西州海洋郡學(xué)院英語系終身教授。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1 Acoustics and Articulation1.1 Speech perception1.1.1 Definition of speech perception1.1.2 Acoustic cues1.1.3 Perception of continuous speech1.1.4 Theories of speech perception1.2 Speech production1.2.1 The stages of speech production1.2.2 The speech chain1.2.3 Orga  of speech1.2.4 Articulatory description of speech soundsSummaryExercisesFurther readingChapter 2 The English Pronunciation and Phonetic Tra criptio2.1 Received Pronunciation （RP）2.2 General American （GA）2.3 Pronunciation differences between Received Pronunciation and General American2.3.1 Vowel differences2.3.2 Co onantal differences2.4 Phonetic tra criptio  and the International Phonetic Alphabet （IPA）2.4.1 Why do people use phonetic tra cription？2.4.2 Introduction to IPA2.4.3 Diacritics2.4.4 Broad and narrow tra criptioSummaryExercisesFurther readingChapter 3 English Co onants3.1 The manne  of articulation3.2 The places of articulation3.3 Teaching of co onantsSummaryExercisesFurther readingChapter 4 English Vowels4.1 The Cardinal Vowel system4.2 The criteria of vowel description4.3 The classification of vowels4.4 Teaching of vowelsSummaryExercisesFurther readingChapter 5 Phonemes and Phonology5.1 Phonetics and phonology5.2 Phonemic system5.2.1 Phoneme5.2.2 Phonological rules5.3 Distinctive features5.4 Allophone5.4.1 Phonemic contrast5.4.2 Complementary distribution5.4.3 Free variationSummaryExercisesFurther readingChapter 6 Syllables and Suprasegmental Features6.1 Syllable6.1.1 Phonological structure of a syllable6.1.2 Classification of syllables6.2 Stress6.2.1 Word stress6.2.2 Sentence stress6.3 Strong forms and weak forms6.4 Length6.5 Rhythm6.6 Pitch6.7 Intonation and tone6.7.1 Types of intonation6.7.2 Functio  and uses of intonation6.7.3 ToneSummaryExercisesFurther readingReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

　  1.1 Speech perception　  1.1.1 Definition ofspeech perception　  Speech perception refers to the study of the way speech sounds are analyzed and identified by ears and brain. When we hear sounds， we hear them either as speech or non-speech. No matter how hard we try， we cannot hear speech as a series of acoustic hisses and buzzes， but only as a sequence of speech sounds.　  The development of speech perception precedes the development of speech production. There are two reasons for this phenomenon. One is that although the human ear is almost completely formed when the fetus is 7 months old， the oral cavity of a baby at birth is very different from that of an adult. The second reason is that in order to produce the sounds of a given language， a child must be exposed to the relevant linguistic input， that is， the speech produced by the people around him or her.　  Speech may be processed at the auditory， phonetic， or phonological levels. At the auditory level， the signal is represented in terms of its frequency， intensi阡， and temporal attributes. The auditory level is characteristic of the way all sounds are perceived. At the phonetic level， we identify individual phones by a combination of acoustic cues， such as formant transitions. The phonetic level is assumed to be specific to speech. At the phonological level， the phonetic segment is converted into a phoneme， and phonological rules are applied to the sound sequence. The phonological level is specific to a particular language. In other words， we first discriminate auditory signals from other sensory signals and make sure that the stimulus is something that we have heard. Then we identify the particular properties that qualify it as speech， later recognize it as the meaningful speech of a particular language.　  Even after years of research， the process of speech perception is little understood. The difficulty is that the link between speech and listener's perception cannot be studied in a direct manner. The movements within the ear and auditory nerve cannot be easily observed. There are still some problems remained to be solved. For example， when several people are talking at once in a crowded room， we are able to “tune in” to one speaker and to ignore the others. However， if we hear our names spoken nearby， we readily tune in to that conversation， at the risk ofignoring the person we are supposed to be listening to. This is termed as “cocktail-party phenomenon”.How does the brain select auditory information so impressively？　  ……

編輯推薦

　  《超越概念·高等院校英語專業(yè)系列教材：英語語音學(xué)》特色：　  超越權(quán)威：凝聚全國英語專業(yè)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會主任何其莘教授數(shù)十年教學(xué)、科研及教材編寫經(jīng)驗，是何其莘教授的又一次自我超越?！? 超越國界：匯集眾多中美名家的經(jīng)驗與智慧，吸收國際先進(jìn)理念，旨在提升本土教學(xué)水平?！? 超越傳統(tǒng)：打破以功能為主的傳統(tǒng)教材編寫模式，充分考慮當(dāng)前教學(xué)實踐，創(chuàng)新教學(xué)方法和手段，突破文化特征，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生人文素養(yǎng)和文化意識。

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