英語閱讀技巧與實(shí)踐

前言

　　閱讀對于學(xué)習(xí)語言的重要性是不言而喻的。古人有言，“讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神”，指的就是閱讀對掌握語言、提高寫作能力所起的作用。另一說“讀萬卷書，行萬里路”，也包含著類似的意思。至于“青燈黃卷”、“寒窗苦讀”，則除了倡導(dǎo)發(fā)憤學(xué)習(xí)，還說明了對大量閱讀的重視?！　≌Z言學(xué)習(xí)是相通的。大量閱讀對掌握外語也同樣重要。閱讀有助于培養(yǎng)語感。對一種語言的感受，是建立在對該語言的頻繁接觸上的。對在母語環(huán)境里的外語學(xué)習(xí)者來說，可以說沒有大量閱讀就不可能產(chǎn)生對所學(xué)外語的語感，而沒有語感，則只能得語言之皮毛。大量閱讀也有助于增加語匯和表達(dá)方式，無論是本國語還是外語，我們所掌握的用以書面?zhèn)鬟f思想的詞匯和句法，大多是通過閱讀得來的，書讀得越多，掌握的表達(dá)方式也越多，表達(dá)能力也越強(qiáng)。閱讀對寫作所起的作用更為直接。通常，寫不好的根本原因，除了思想貧乏、邏輯混亂等內(nèi)在智力因素外，主要還應(yīng)歸結(jié)于讀得太少，沒有從閱讀別人的文章中學(xué)得自己寫作所需的語匯和表達(dá)方式。閱讀還能豐富我們的文化知識，培根就認(rèn)定“讀書使人充實(shí)”，而掌握有關(guān)國家的文化背景知識，對外語學(xué)習(xí)者來說尤為重要。一篇域外的文章，一部外國的小說，都會向我們展示一個新的世界，都有助于我們對其語言的了解和領(lǐng)悟。閱讀對學(xué)習(xí)外語的重要性是怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)也不會過分的?！　∪绻延⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)中的閱讀分為精讀和泛讀兩類的話，那么現(xiàn)時人們的注意力往往過多地置于精讀，而忽略了泛讀。精讀不能說不重要，古人也有“熟讀唐詩三百首，不會吟詩也會吟”之類強(qiáng)調(diào)精讀之說。問題在于我們大多著眼于試驗(yàn)田式的小塊文章上的精耕細(xì)作’’（不厭其煩地釋義，反反復(fù)復(fù)地解釋語法，不無炫耀地解析詞匯等等），而把“大量閱讀”放在極其次要的地位。雖然設(shè)有泛讀課，但大多泛讀不“泛”，閱讀量極其有限，說到底不過是精讀的變種。盡管對一小篇課文的研讀可以把文中的詞匯與句式搞得滾瓜爛熟，對英語學(xué)習(xí)也有所幫助。

內(nèi)容概要

《英語閱讀技巧與實(shí)踐》是為高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)學(xué)生編寫的一套閱讀（以前稱為泛讀）教材。全套書共7冊，既可供英語專業(yè)本、專科生使用，也可供教師進(jìn)修學(xué)院、函授大學(xué)和夜大的英語專業(yè)學(xué)員使用。    本套教材依據(jù)《高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱》對英語閱讀課程的要求編寫，其編寫的目的是：教給學(xué)生閱讀理論和技巧，培養(yǎng)他們細(xì)致觀察語言的能力和假設(shè)判斷、推理驗(yàn)證等邏輯思維能力；培養(yǎng)他們閱讀的興趣，使他們在較短的時間里盡快擴(kuò)大詞匯量和知識面，提高思想和文化素養(yǎng)，從而提高閱讀水平和能力，通過閱讀更快更好地獲取世界上各國有用的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和科技等方面的信息，為我國的改革開放和社會主義建設(shè)服務(wù)。

書籍目錄

PASSAGE 1   Your Job May Be Next!PASSAGE 2   Hitch-hikersPASSAGE 3   Coping with CrisisPASSAGE 4   Get Ready for a Digitalized FuturePASSAGE 5   Leave to EnterPASSAGE 6   The OzonePASSAGE 7   Back to NaturePASSAGE 8   First Lady of the Seeing EyePASSAGE 9   RobotsPASSAGE 10  The HeartPASSAGE 11  Counterfeiters Cash in on Reject ChipsPASSAGE 12  Rice Harvesting with Uncle LansanaPASSAGE 13  SocratesPASSAGE 14  SaltPASSAGE 15  Pioneers in SpacePASSAGE 16  Aging in the Western Tradition:Cultural Origins of the Modern Life CoursePASSAGE 17  Planned CitiesPASSAGE 18  Louis Armstrong--a Jazz ImmortalPASSAGE 19  Tokyo Goes UndergroundPASSAGE 20  The Disney WorldPASSAGE 21  The Midnight VisitorPASSAGE 22  The Plant WizardPASSAGE 23  Roof WorkPASSAGE 24  Benjamin FranklinPASSAGE 25  Ants Are Smarter Than We ThinkPASSAGE 26  Taming the ElephantPASSAGE 27  Pockety Women Unite?PASSAGE 28  Chinese AmericansPASSAGE 29  Some Benefits of Large Families in IndiaPASSAGE 30  Man and InsectsPASSAGE 31  Two Major Political Parties in America PASSAGE 32  Discovery by AccidentPASSAGE 33  When Marriage Is a CrimePASSAGE 34  Characteristic Features of EnglishPASSAGE 35  Imports and ExportsPASSAGE 36  International Transfer of MoneyPASSAGE 37  The Haunted SpacesuitPASSAGE 38  A Killer Is BornPASSAGE 39  Clone TechnologyPASSAGE 40  Microbes, Infection and DiseaseAPPENDIX   Vocabulary

章節(jié)摘錄

　　PAssAGE 1　　Your Job May Be Next!　　[1]The mood in the conference room was light and festive．It was j ust twoweeks before Christmas 2002 and many of the 300 or SO Dell①employees weregetting set for the holidays and year—end vacation time as they gathered at Dell’Scampus in Austin，Texas，for a“town hall”meeting．They were ill prepared for the message that senior vice president Jeff Clarke was about to deliver．Meetings of this sort were usually big on awards，recognition，and introductions of new products and project teams．And despite the market drubbing of tech stocks in general，Dell had posted another—ban—ner year in sales balance，Mr Clarke noted．Then came the bad news．The company was announcing new personnel“—attri—tion goals”of 10 percent per year，about double the normal attrition rate．These positions would not be filled in the United States，Clarke explained．They would　　be filled by new hires in India，China，and other countries where Dell is shifting business．　　[2]Audible gasps came from the employee audience，a hi—tech assemblage of Dell software engineers，electrical engineers，test engineers，group managers，and administrative talents．A Dell employee who attended the meeting told The New American：“A definite pall came over the crowd．It did not make for a happy　Christmas．”　　[3]Although Clarke’S announcement came as a shock，there had been hints of an impending axe-fall⑨．In 2000，Dell had announced the launching of its ChinaDesign Centre in the People’S Republic of China(PRC)．A steady trickle Of Chinese engineers，project planners，and managers had been brought to Dell’S Austin campus for training，and some US Dell employees had made the trek to China for four-to-six-month stints to train Chinese personnel there．Around the Dell headquarters in Austin，employees had begun wryly referring to the“Chinese invasion"as“training our replacements．’’Few expected that the replacing would　start SO soon．　　[4]Dell’S new China Design Centre in Shanghai joins similar research and　design centres in China，Russia and India built by Microsoft，Motorola，Boeing，General Electric⑥，and other corporate titans．The hi—tech centres are a distinctly new development，in contrast to the huge number of foreign manufacturing plants--especially in Mexico and China built by US companies over the past couple of decades．These early rounds of“globalization”cost millions of US jobs，but various experts assured US that this should not concern US because these wereblue collar“rust belt’’jobs⑦．Old technology，they claimed．Manufacturing is pass4 and development--these would be the clean，high-paying jobs that would keep America on top．　　E53But guess what?After years of stripmining America’S industrial base，US corporate—61it—ists and their political allies in Washington，DC，Beij ing，Mexico，Moscow，and elsewhere are nOW looking to dispense with upscale white collar jobs as well．College graduates who obtained degrees in computer science and engineering are finding themselves replaced by Third World counterparts willing to work for 20～50 percent less pay．In corporate globalese this replacement process is euphemistically called“outsourcing’…．Adding insult to inj ury。many of the replacement foreign workers、received tax-subsidized education in US universities．　　[6]According to Business Week：In a recent PowerPoint presentation，Microsoft Corp．Senior Vice-President Brian Valentine--the No．2 executive in thecompany’S Windows unit--urged managers to“pick something to move offshore today．”In India，said the briefing，you can get“quality work at 50％to 60％of the cost．That’S tWO heads for the price of one."　　[73Business Week offered this forecast：Now，all kinds of knowledge work can be done almost anywhere．“You will see an explosion of work going overseas."says Forrester Research Inc．a(chǎn)nalyst John McCarthy．He goes SO far as to predict at least 3．3 million white-collar jobs and$136 billion in wages will shift from the USA to low-cost countries by 2015．(about 660 words)　　Exercises　　I．Tick off the best choice according to the information given in this passage．　　1．All the foilowing words can be used to describe the mood of the Dell’S　　employees in the conference room at the beginning Except——．　　A．joyfulB．gloomyC．gratifyingD．1ight—hearted　　2．The message delivered by senior vice president______．　　A．brought happiness to everyone in the conference room　　B．made a11 the employees in the conference room very satisfied　　C．caused a great cheer among the employees in the conference room　　D．was entirely beyond expectation of the employees in the conference room　　3．The purpose of the“town hall’’meetings held at Dell’s campus used to include all the following contents but　　A．a(chǎn)nalyze the situation of stock market　　B．a(chǎn)ward prizes to the excellent employees　　C．give recognition tO those who made great achievements．　　D．made the introduction of new products and project teams　　4．Though Dell did quite well in sales，growth，and profits last year，the new “attrition goals”this year has been——．　　A．the sameB．doubledC．tripledD．reduced　　5．The news of 10 percent of attrition rate was a great _______to all the employees at the meeting．　　A．joyB．wonderC．shockD．crash　　6．With the shift of its business，Dell has launched its_______in 2000．　　A．China Design CentreB．China Training Centre　　C．China Personnel CentreD．China Proj ect Centre　　7．Many Dell’s employees considered training Chinese personnel in Austin as “Chinese invasion”because——．　　A．they envy anyone who can do better than them　　B．they don’t want to be outworked by Chinese employees

編輯推薦

　　1.根據(jù)《高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱》編寫，具有可靠性；2.以閱讀技巧為主線，編排合理，具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性；3.從事實(shí)性閱讀、評判性閱讀、報(bào)刊閱讀到鑒賞性閱讀，循序漸進(jìn)，具有科學(xué)性；4.體裁多樣，題材廣泛，具有可讀性；5.選材精粹，課堂實(shí)用，具有操作性；6.題型豐富，練習(xí)適量，具有針對性。

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