灌溉排水工程學(xué)

前言

　　面向21世紀(jì)的創(chuàng)新型人才培養(yǎng)，已使雙語教學(xué)成為高等教育改革的重點。為了應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟全球化和科技革命的挑戰(zhàn)，培養(yǎng)“面向現(xiàn)代化、面向世界、面向未來”的新世紀(jì)科技人才，開展應(yīng)用學(xué)科的雙語教學(xué)任務(wù)緊迫。在國際環(huán)境中，交流能力十分重要，為學(xué)生提供更多交流能力訓(xùn)練是雙語教學(xué)的主要目標(biāo)之一?！　∷寝r(nóng)業(yè)的命脈，旱災(zāi)和澇災(zāi)是農(nóng)業(yè)面臨的主要自然災(zāi)害?！豆喔扰潘こ虒W(xué)》是農(nóng)業(yè)水利工程專業(yè)的核心專業(yè)課之一，主要講授灌溉排水原理與技術(shù)。因此，開展《灌溉排水工程學(xué)》課程的雙語教學(xué)，不僅有利于課程建設(shè)本身，更為重要的是有利于提高學(xué)生的英語應(yīng)用能力，使學(xué)生能同時利用母語和外語在專業(yè)知識領(lǐng)域進行思維、學(xué)習(xí)和交際，有利于學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)國外先進的專業(yè)知識，以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生掌握世界最新科技成果和對外學(xué)術(shù)交流的能力，培養(yǎng)國際競爭意識，形成國際化視野和開放型思維，對實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)水利化和確保糧食安全具有十分重要的意義?！　‰p語教學(xué)的成敗在很大程度上取決于是否有一本合適的英文教材。目前國內(nèi)還沒有出版過《灌溉排水工程學(xué)》英文教材，國外沒有合適的原版教材可以引進應(yīng)用。鑒于此，編寫組根據(jù)最新專業(yè)規(guī)范《灌溉排水工程學(xué)》的教學(xué)大綱，參考大量國外相關(guān)教材，編寫了這本英文版《灌溉排水工程學(xué)》。

內(nèi)容概要

本書是根據(jù)最新專業(yè)規(guī)范《灌溉排水工程學(xué)》的教學(xué)大綱而編寫的英文版教材，用于該課程的雙語教學(xué)。主要內(nèi)容包括：農(nóng)田水分狀況和土壤水分運動，騰發(fā)量和作物需水量，灌溉技術(shù)，灌溉水源和引水工程，灌溉渠道系統(tǒng)，灌溉管道系統(tǒng)，排水要求及排水系統(tǒng)，政策與管理。為學(xué)習(xí)方便，本書附錄給出了有關(guān)灌溉排水方面的主要專業(yè)詞匯英漢對照?！　”緯粌H可用于本課程的雙語教學(xué)需要，還可以用于相關(guān)專業(yè)的專業(yè)英語教材，也可供從事農(nóng)業(yè)水利及其相關(guān)專業(yè)的工程技術(shù)人員、管理人員和教師學(xué)習(xí)使用。

書籍目錄

Preface Introduction Chapter 1 Farm Water and the Movement of Soil Water 　1.1 Soil Water Properties and Classification 　1.2 The Movement of Soil Water 　1.3 Plant - Soil - Atmosphere (Climatic) Relationships Chapter 2 Evapotranspiration and Water Requirement of Crop 　2.1 Objectives and Importance of Studying Evapotranspiration and Water Requirement of Crop 　2.2 Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirements 　2.3 Irrigation Scheduling 　2.4 Irrigation Requirements Chapter 3 Irrigation Technique 　3.1 Surface Irrigation 　3.2 Border Irrigation 　3.3 Furrow and Corrugation Irrigation 　3.4 Sprinkler 　3.5 Trickle Irrigation Chapter 4 Sources of Irrigation Water and Diversion Works 　4.1 Surface Sources of Irrigation Water 　4.2 Groundwater Resources 　4.3 Water Quality and Water Quantity 　4.4 Diversion Works Chapter 5 Irrigation Canal System 　5.1 Conveyance System 　5.2 Application Systems 　5.3 Performance of Farm Irrigation Systems 　5.4 Open Channel Delivery Systems Chapter 6 Irrigation Pipeline System 　6.1 Pipeline Standards 　6.2 Pipeline System Components 　6.3 Flow and Pressure Distribution in Pipeline system 　6.4 Low Pressure Pipe System 　6.5 Pipeline Installation and Maintenance Chapter 7 Drainage Requirements and Systems 　7.1 Drainage Requirements 　7.2 Surface Drainage 　7.3 Natural Subsurface Drainage 　7.4 Spacing of Drains 　7.5 Open Drains 　7.6 Closed Gravity Drains 　7.7 Well Drainage 　7.8 Return Flow and Drainage Effluent Chapter 8 Policies and Management 　8.1 National Objectives of Promoting Irrigation 　8.2 Water Management 　8.3 Watershed Management 　8.4 Organization and Management 　8.5 Water Law and Water Rights 　8.6 Chinese Water Law System Management Institutions and Policies 　8.7 Making Irrigation Profitable Appendix I Key Words and Phrases Appendix II Technical Terminology for Irrigation and Drainage References

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The field capacity concept is more applicable to coarse——than to fine——textured soilsbecause in coarse soils most of the pores empty soon after irrigation and the capillary con-ductivity becomes very smatl at relatively high potentials. In fine- textured.soils, ~with anarrower range of soil pore sizes, the hydraulic conductivity will not change so rapidlywith time and the drainage can continue for weeks or months. Soil characteristics that havegreatest influence on field capacity are soil texture and layers within the profile that impedewater flow. Fine soils retain more water than coarse soils as well as drain longer at signifi-cant rates. Any layer interface will inhibit water movement across the interface and thusrestrict redistribution and increase field capacity. Other factors that may influence field ca-pacity are organic matter content, depth of wetting, wetting history, and plant water use.　?。?） Wilting Point. The permanent wilting point or percentage is the soil water con-tent below which plants growing in that soil remain wilted even when transpiration is near-ly eliminated. It represents a condition where the rate of water supply to the plant roots isvery low. The water content corresponding to the wilting point applies to the average wa-ter content of the bulk soil and not to the soil adjacent to the root surfaces. The soil nextto the root surfaces will usually be drier than the bulk soil, because Water cannot move to-ward the root surfaces fast enough to supply plant demands and a water content gradientdevelops near the robt.

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