出版時(shí)間:1970-1 出版社:湖南師范大學(xué)出版社 作者:陳惠 編 頁(yè)數(shù):272
前言
《英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教程》分為上、下兩冊(cè),旨在對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行循序漸進(jìn)、全面系統(tǒng)的口語(yǔ)能力的訓(xùn)練。上、下冊(cè)各有其側(cè)重點(diǎn),并相互銜接。上冊(cè)“基本技能訓(xùn)練”側(cè)重交際功能訓(xùn)練,從培養(yǎng)學(xué)生主動(dòng)開(kāi)口講英語(yǔ)的熱情和習(xí)慣開(kāi)始,逐漸過(guò)渡到培養(yǎng)學(xué)生形成用英語(yǔ)思維的習(xí)慣,并學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)連貫表達(dá)。下冊(cè)“演講與辯論”主要是進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)演講和英語(yǔ)辯論的訓(xùn)練,使學(xué)生能比較系統(tǒng)、連貫地發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解,并展開(kāi)爭(zhēng)論,既鍛煉學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)能力,也鍛煉學(xué)生的思辨能力。 上冊(cè)“基本技能訓(xùn)練”每單元包括“Warm-up”, “Listening,reading and acting”, “Further practice”和“Assignments”四部分。第一部分除了起到檢查學(xué)生口語(yǔ)作業(yè)和調(diào)動(dòng)課堂氣氛的作用外,主要是從模仿入手,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生純正的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)。本部分以音素、句子、段落、電影對(duì)白的模仿為主。第二部分繼承了傳統(tǒng)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)的精華——交際功能的訓(xùn)練,且課文主題與時(shí)代、學(xué)生生活、思想緊密相關(guān),具有較強(qiáng)的時(shí)代感和實(shí)用性。第三部分將英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)技能的操練交織在一起,操練的形式多種多樣,有pair work,group work,picture-talking,story-retelling,discussion,story-making等,內(nèi)容由淺入深,循序漸進(jìn);形式生動(dòng)活潑,操作性極強(qiáng)。第四部分為學(xué)生提供了課后閱讀和背誦材料,以增加學(xué)生在英、美文化和知識(shí)方面的積淀,從而提高學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口頭表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性和對(duì)文化差異的敏感性?! ∠聝?cè)“演講與辯論”包括演講和辯論兩大部分。演講部分每單元體例與上冊(cè)基本相同,由“Preliminary Tasks”,“Special Occasion Speeches”,“Guide to Public Speaking”和“Reading and Assignments”四部分組成。第一部分著重名人名篇片段的模仿,第二部分學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練特定場(chǎng)合的演講,第三部分是即興演講的知識(shí)及技巧的學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練,第四部分是名人名篇的拓展閱讀和深度討論。辯論部分每單元基本上由“Warm up”、 “Guide to Debate”、“Debate Topic and Arguments”、 “Further Reading”和“Assignments”組成,旨在讓學(xué)生熟悉一般英語(yǔ)辯論的過(guò)程和規(guī)則,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的問(wèn)題意識(shí),提高學(xué)生知識(shí)的綜合能力、批判性傾聽(tīng)能力、快速反應(yīng)能力以及辨析能力?! ”窘滩脑诶砟钌?、內(nèi)容上和形式上都有所創(chuàng)新。
內(nèi)容概要
理念吸納與采用“輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)假設(shè)”理論,強(qiáng)調(diào)輸入與輸出相結(jié)合;突破傳統(tǒng)的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教材進(jìn)行單一口語(yǔ)教學(xué)的模式,將口語(yǔ)教學(xué)作為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程來(lái)進(jìn)行立體建構(gòu)。內(nèi)容上冊(cè)“基本技能訓(xùn)練”由18個(gè)單元組成,每個(gè)單元分為四大部分。第一部分熱身訓(xùn)練,主要是從模仿入手,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生純正的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào);第二部分情景對(duì)話,注重交際功能的訓(xùn)練,選材與社會(huì)發(fā)展、學(xué)生生活緊密相聯(lián);第三部分是與主題有關(guān)的拓展性課堂活動(dòng);第四部分為學(xué)生提供了課后閱讀和背誦材料,以增加學(xué)生在英美文化和知識(shí)方面的積淀,從而提高英語(yǔ)口頭表達(dá)語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性和對(duì)文化差異的敏感性。下冊(cè)由演講與辯論兩大部分組成。演講部分將名人演講和學(xué)生模仿訓(xùn)練相結(jié)合,將特殊情景下的演講和普遍性演講知識(shí)與技能學(xué)習(xí)相結(jié)合,使學(xué)生從模仿式的口語(yǔ)產(chǎn)出發(fā)展成積極的、創(chuàng)造性的、思辨性的口語(yǔ)產(chǎn)出;辯論部分旨在讓學(xué)生熟悉一般英語(yǔ)辯論的過(guò)程和規(guī)則,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的問(wèn)題意識(shí),提高學(xué)生的知識(shí)綜合能力、批判性傾聽(tīng)能力、快速反應(yīng)能力以及辨析能力。形式英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)技能的操練交織在一起,有模仿表演、看圖說(shuō)話、故事復(fù)述、故事創(chuàng)作、角色演繹、主題演講、專題辯論等,不同階段的同類活動(dòng)在難易程度上和形式上都有所變化。
書(shū)籍目錄
Part I SpeechUnit 1Introduction SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 2Welcome SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 3Farewell SpeechesSection I Preliminary Tasks 020Section II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 4Birthday Party SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Readin.q and AssignmentsUnit 5Wedding SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 6Anniversary SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 7Festival SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 8Opening SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 9Closing SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 10Celebration SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 11Award Presentation SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 12Award Acceptance SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 13Graduation SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 14Thank-You SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 15Promotion SpeechesSection I Preliminary Tasks L54Section II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 16Memorial SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 17ToastsSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and AssignmentsUnit 18Inaugural SpeechesSection I Preliminary TasksSection II Special Occasion SpeechesSection III Guide to Public SpeakingSection IV Reading and Assignments……Part Ⅱ Debate
章節(jié)摘錄
Although much larger numbers of invertebrates are used and the use of flies and worms as model organisms is very important, experiments on invertebrates are largely unregulated and not included in statistics. Most animals are euthanized after being used in an experiment. Sources of laboratory animals vary between countries and species; while most animals are purpose-bred, others may be caught in the wild or supplied by dealers who obtain them from auctions and pounds. The research is conducted inside universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, farms, defense establishments, and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry. It includes pure research such as genetics, developmental biology, behavioral studies, as well as applied research such as biomedical research, xenotransplantation, drug testing and toxicology tests, including cosmetics testing. Animals are also used for education, breeding, and defense research. The topic is highly controversial. Supporters of the practice, such as the British Royal Society, argue that virtually every medical achievement in the 20th century relied on the use of animals in some way, with the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences arguing that even sophisticated computers are unable to model interactions between molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, and the environment, making animal research necessary in some areas. ……
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