美國女作家作品欣賞

前言

　　美國的婦女作家，無論從數(shù)量上，或是從她們創(chuàng)作的質(zhì)量上來說，都是美國文壇一支不可忽視的力量。自17世紀(jì)艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)的殖民時(shí)期一直到波詭云譎、風(fēng)云激蕩的21世紀(jì)，閱歷不同、風(fēng)格各異的美國女作家們，以小說、戲劇、詩歌等不同的文學(xué)樣式構(gòu)筑了美國婦女文學(xué)的總體風(fēng)貌，使其成為美國文學(xué)研究中一個(gè)專門的領(lǐng)域和美國大學(xué)英美文學(xué)專業(yè)中的一門課程?！　∶绹鴭D女作家承襲了早期殖民時(shí)代瑪麗·羅蘭森（MaryRowlandson）、薩拉·肯布爾·奈特（SarahKemb~~Knight）等人寫日記、回憶錄的傳統(tǒng)以及隨后各時(shí)期女作家埃米莉·迪金森（EmilyDickinson）、薩拉·奧恩·朱伊特（SarahOrneJewett）、瑪麗·威爾金斯·弗里曼（MaryWilkinsFree-man）、伊迪絲·沃頓（EdithWharton）、威拉·卡瑟（WillaCather）等人以當(dāng)?shù)嘏越?jīng)歷為素材的特點(diǎn)，并逐漸形成了自己的創(chuàng)作特色?！　∥膶W(xué)與社會(huì)的發(fā)展是息息相關(guān)的，美國婦女文學(xué)也與歐美的婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)有著密切的關(guān)系。早在18世紀(jì)，西歐婦女即以法國大革命時(shí)期誕生的《人權(quán)宣言》為依據(jù)，要求享有與男子同等的權(quán)利。1848年，美國婦女也在美國《獨(dú)立宣言》精神的導(dǎo)引下，在紐約召開了第一次婦女代表大會(huì)，并草擬了《感情的宣言》（TheDeclarationofSentiments），呼吁婦女?dāng)[脫在家庭中的從屬地位。19世紀(jì)，歐美婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要目標(biāo)是獲取受教育和就業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)，并廢除限制已婚婦女合法權(quán)利的各種法律。到了20世紀(jì)初，英國婦女首先行動(dòng)起來，組織了“婦女社會(huì)政治聯(lián)盟”（Women’sSocialandPoliticalUnion），要求與男子享有同樣的選舉權(quán)。在美國，也產(chǎn)生了相應(yīng)的組織——“全美婦女選舉權(quán)協(xié)會(huì)”（NationalAmericanWomanSuffrageAssoci-ation）。經(jīng)過長期的示威、抗議、斗爭，歐美各國婦女先后在二三十年代獲得選舉權(quán)?！　≡诿绹膵D女運(yùn)動(dòng)中，夏洛特·帕金森·吉爾曼（CharlottePerkinsGil-man）是一位杰出的人物。她到處作演講，伸張女權(quán)，并著書立說，闡明她對(duì)婦女問題的立場和觀點(diǎn)。她還以文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的方式來揭示婦女在以男子為中心的社會(huì)中的遭遇。她的著作《婦女與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》（WomenandEconomics，1898）曾被譯成7國文字，并被作為大學(xué)教科書使用。

內(nèi)容概要

《美國女作家作品欣賞》一書收錄不同時(shí)期的美國女作家30名，作品39篇(部分為節(jié)選)，時(shí)間上自17世紀(jì)殖民時(shí)期，下迄21世紀(jì)。    本書由作者簡介、內(nèi)容提要、作品選讀和注釋四部分組成。作者簡介包括作家生平事跡介紹與作品分析；注釋內(nèi)容力求翔實(shí)，以便盡可能地幫助讀者閱讀與理解原文。    本書可作為英語專業(yè)高年級(jí)文學(xué)課程的教材或課外閱讀材料使用；對(duì)于一般的美國文學(xué)研究者與愛好者而言，它也不失為—本非常理想的讀物。

書籍目錄

ANNE BRADSTREET(1612-1672)  The Author to Her Book  Here Follows Some Verse upon the ldurning of  Our HouseHARRIET BEECHER STOWE(1811-1896)  Uncle Tom’S Cabin(Excerpt)  EMILY DICKlNSON(1830-1886)  Success  I Taste a llquor Never Brewed  He Ate and Drank the Precious Words  YOU Cannot Make Remembrance GrowSARAH ORNE JEWETT(1849-1909)  The Courti ng of Sister WisbyKATE CHOPIN(1851-1904)  The Story of an HourMARY WILKINS FREEMAN(1852-1930)  A New England NunCHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN(1860-1935)  The Yellow WallpaperEDlTH WHARTON(1862-1937)  Roman FeverWIllA CATHER(1876-1947)  Neighbou r RosickyEllEN GLASGOW(1873-1945)  JOrdan’s EndSUSAN GLASPEll(1882-1948)  A Jurof Her PeersKATHERINE ANNE PORTER(1890-1980)  Noon WineDOROTHY PARKER(1893-1967)  llttIe Curtis  llIAN HEllMAN(1905-1984)  Watch on the RhineEUDORA WELTY(1909-2001)  Illy Daw and the Three LadiesMARY McCARTHY(1912-1989)  Yonder Peasant，Who IS He?TIllIE OLSEN(1913-)  Tell Me a RiddleJEAN STAFFORD(1915-1979)  The Wedding：Beacon HillCARSON McCUllERS(1917-1967)  The Ballad of the Sad CafeGWENDOLYN BROOKS(1917-2000)  Kitchenee Building   Of De WiN Williams on His Way to llncoln Cemetew  The MotherSHIRLEY JACKSON(1919-1965)  One Ordinary Day，with PeanutsGRACE PALEY(1922-)  Goodbye and Good LuckFLANNERY O’CONNOR(1925-1964)  Everything That Rises Must ConvergeANNE SEXTON(1928-1974)  Cinderella  Unknown Gin the Maternity WardMAYA ANGELOU(1928-)  On the Pulse of MorningLORRAINE HANSBERRY(1930-1964)  A Raisin in the Sun  Act Two  Act ThreeTONI MORRlSON(1931-)  Beloved(Excerpts)JOYCE CAROL OATES(1938-)  Where Are You Going，Where Have You Been?AllCE WALKER(1944-)  The Color Purple(Excerpts)BARBARA KINGSOLVER(1955-)  Rose-Johnny后記

章節(jié)摘錄

　　After she had the robes tucked around her she took another look at the woman who sat beside her on the back seat. She had met Mrs. Peters the year before at the county fair, and the thing she remembered about her was that she didnt seem like a sheriffs wife. She was small and thin and didnt have a strong voice. Mrs. Gorman, sheriffs wife before Gorman went out and Peters came in6, had a voice that somehow seemed to be backing up the law with every word. But if Mrs. Peters didnt look like a sheriffs wife, Peters made it up in looking like a sheriff. He was to a dot the kind of man who could get himself elected sheriff7- a heavy man with a big voice, who was particularly genial with the lawabiding, as if to make it plain that he knew the difference between criminals and non-criminals. And right there it came into Mrs. Hales mind, with a stab8, that this man who was so pleasant and lively with all of them was going to the Wrights now as a sheriff,　　"The countrys not very pleasant this time of year," Mrs. Peters at last ventured, as if she felt they ought to be talking as well as the men.　　Mrs. Hale scarcely finished her reply, for they had gone up a little hill and could see the Wright place now, and seeing it did not make her feel like talking. It looked very lonesome this cold March morning. It had always been a lonesome-looking place. It was down in a hollow, and the poplar trees around it were lonesome-looking trees. The men were looking at it and talking about what had happened. The county attorney9 was bending to one side of the buggy, and kept looking steadily at the place as they drew up to it.　　"Im glad you came with me," Mrs. Peters said nervously, as the two women were about to follow the men in through the kitchen door.　　Even after she had her foot on the door-step, her hand on the knob, Mar tha Hale had a moment of feeling she could not cross that threshold. And the reason it seemed she couldnt cross it now was simply because she hadnt crossed it before. Time and time again it had been in her mind, "I ought to go over and see Minnie Foster" - she still thought of her as Minnie Foster, though for twenty years she had been Mrs. Wright. And then there was always something to do and Minnie Foster would go from her mind. But now she could come.

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