語言類型學(xué)

前言

　　一百多年以前GeorgvonderGabelentz首次使用了“語言類型學(xué)”這個(gè)名稱，自那以來，語言類型學(xué)已經(jīng)有了長足的發(fā)展。尤其是在歐洲，隨著眾多激動(dòng)人心的科研項(xiàng)目的開展，以及一批才華橫溢的青年學(xué)者的涌現(xiàn)，這個(gè)領(lǐng)域正不斷壯大，向著10年前我們想象不到的眾多領(lǐng)域發(fā)展。更令人歡欣鼓舞的是，在沉迷于生成語法半個(gè)世紀(jì)后，一些亞洲國家（特別是中國、日本和韓國）也開始日益認(rèn)真面對語言類型學(xué)。

內(nèi)容概要

本書作者在大量不同語言的資料和例證的基礎(chǔ)上，對語言類型學(xué)作了全新和深入的介紹。本書的特色是著重對此領(lǐng)域中的主要問題，如基本語序、格標(biāo)記、關(guān)系從句、致使構(gòu)式等進(jìn)行了具體而詳細(xì)的研究，通過具體案例研究，揭示了如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和解釋語言類型的系統(tǒng)模式，以及這些模式所受的限制。另外，本書還討論了一些實(shí)用的問題和方法，如語料的采集和語言樣本的制作，最后本書探討了語言類型學(xué)在歷時(shí)語言學(xué)、語言習(xí)得等其他領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用問題。       對于研究興趣在語言類型和語言共性、語言比較、歷時(shí)語言學(xué)、語言習(xí)得、語言認(rèn)知等領(lǐng)域的讀者而言，本書都是一部有價(jià)值的著作。

書籍目錄

PrefaceAbbreviationsAcknowledgementsIntroducing linguistic typology  1.1  What do linguistic typologists study?  1.2  Typological analysis  1.3  Typology of language universals  1.4  Language universals and linguistic typology  1.5  Assumptions and problems in typological analysis    1.5.1  Cross-linguistic comparability    1.5.2  The Principle of Uniformitarianism    1.5.3  Approaches to language sampling    1.5.4  Determining language sample sizes    1.5.5  Problems with data  1.6  Partial typology vs. holistic typology  1.7  Organization of the rest of the book2  Basic word order  2.1  What is basic word order?  2.2  Early research on basic word order    2.2.1  The inception of word order typology    2.2.2  The OV-VO typology    2.2.3  Making language universals exceptionless  2.3  Explaining the distribution of the basic clausal word orders  2.4  Back to the OV-VO typology: the Branching Direction Theory  2.5  Seeking a global explanation: the Early Immediate Constituents Theory  2.6  From word order to morpheme order: the suffixing preference  2.7  Closing remarks3  Case marking  3.1  Introduction  3.2  A, S and P, and types of case marking    3.2.1  Nominative-accusative system    3.2.2  Ergative-absolutive system    3.2.3  Tripartite system    3.2.4  AP/S system    3.2.5  Neutral system  3.3  More types of case marking    3.3.1  Split-ergative system    3.3.2  Active-stative system    3.3.3  Direct-inverse system  3.4  Distribution of the case marking systems  3.5  The discriminatory view of case marking  3.6  The indexing view of case marking  3.7  The discriminatory view vs. the indexing view  3.8  The Nominal Hierarchy and the split-ergative system  3.9  Towards a unified explanation: attention flow and viewpoint  3.10  Ergativity from discourse to grammar  3.11  Case marking in altered or non-basic constructions    3.11.1  Passive    3.11.2  Antipassive    3.11.3  Noun incorporation    3.11.4  Advancement of obliques to P  3.12  Syntactic ergativity  3.13  Head marking vs. dependent marking  3.14  Case marking type and word order type4  Relative clauses  4.1  Introduction  4.2  The position of the head noun vis-a-vis the restricting clause  4.3  Expression of the head noun    4.3.1  The obliteration strategy    4.3.2  The pronoun-retention strategy    4.3.3  The relative-pronoun strategy    4.3.4  Language-internal distribution of the relativization strategies  4.4  Accessibility Hierarchy: accessibility to relativization  4.5  Conspiracy in relativization  4.6  Correlations between RC-related properties  4.7  The head noun in the main clause  4.8  Subject primacy vs. discourse preferences in relativization  4.9  RC type and word order type  4.10  The role of processing in the distribution of RC types  4.11  The AH and structural complexity5  Causatives  5.1  Introduction  5.2  The morphologically based typology of causative constructions  5.3  The syntax of the causee NP: the Case Hierarchy  5.4  Conspiracy in causativization  5.5  Doubling: coding vs. grammatical relation  5.6  Causation types and causative types  5.7  The case marking of the causee NP  5.8  The conceptual integration of the causee in the causative event  5.9  Towards a typology of causative constructions6 The application of linguistic typology  6.1  Introduction  6.2  Linguistic typology and historical linguistics    6.2.1  Early attempts at word order reconstruction    6.2.2  Linguistic typology as a control on, and a tool in, reconstruction    6.2.3  Linguistic typology and linguistic prehistory  6.3  Linguistic typology and language acquisition    6.3.1  Accessibility to relativization in FLA    6.3.2  Accessibility to relativization in SLA    6.3.3  Two potential FLA/SLA areas of application    6.3.4  Closing remarks7  European approaches to linguistic typology  7.1  Introduction  7.2  The Leningrad Typology Group  7.3  The Cologne UNITYP Group  7.4  The Prague School Typology  7.5  EpilogueBibliographyAuthor IndexLanguage IndexSubject Index

編輯推薦

　　對于研究興趣在語言類型和語言共性、語言比較、歷時(shí)語言學(xué)、語言習(xí)得、語言認(rèn)知等領(lǐng)域的讀者而言，《語言類型學(xué)》都是一部有價(jià)值的著作。

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