當(dāng)代英國(guó)概況

前言

　　人類和動(dòng)物都有交際系統(tǒng)，但是人類的交際系統(tǒng)——語言比其他動(dòng)物的交際系統(tǒng)更為精細(xì)、更為復(fù)雜，傳遞了其他交際系統(tǒng)所不能傳遞的信息。這些信息就是文化。所以文化和語言實(shí)際上是兩位一體的，一個(gè)是內(nèi)容，另一個(gè)是載體。從Malinowski和Boas開始，人類語言學(xué)經(jīng)歷過一段輝煌的發(fā)展史，它不但導(dǎo)致了描寫語言學(xué)和結(jié)構(gòu)語言學(xué)的誕生，而且誘發(fā)了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)語言學(xué)和文化語言學(xué)（ethnolinguistics）的出現(xiàn)。Lado的《跨文化的語言》用了《語言教師的應(yīng)用語言學(xué)》的副標(biāo)題，更把文化教育的問題提到語言教師的面前?！　〗陙?，在我國(guó)也慢慢掀起了一個(gè)文化語言學(xué)的熱潮。邢福義主編的《文化語言學(xué)》旨在建立理論框架，鄧炎昌、劉潤(rùn)清和顧嘉祖、陸升都編寫了《語言和文化》，王宗炎主編的《外國(guó)語與外國(guó)文化叢書》正在陸續(xù)問世。在外語院系里，也開設(shè)了各個(gè)國(guó)家的“國(guó)家概況”的課程。把文化（亦稱為國(guó)情）的教育列為外語教育的一個(gè)重要的組成部分是有充分的理由的：一是從外語學(xué)習(xí)的角度看，和外國(guó)人交往不但要精通他們的語言，還必須理解他們的文化、思維方式、價(jià)值觀和生活習(xí)慣；二是在一個(gè)多元化的社會(huì)里，跨文化的理解對(duì)促進(jìn)各國(guó)人民的互相尊重和合作，對(duì)維護(hù)世界和平都是極為重要的。

內(nèi)容概要

《當(dāng)代英國(guó)概況》（修訂本）是由國(guó)內(nèi)外專家合作編寫的一套當(dāng)代英國(guó)社會(huì)與文化概況的教程，供高校英語專業(yè)高年級(jí)學(xué)生使用，也適用于進(jìn)修英語的教師、準(zhǔn)備去英語國(guó)家的進(jìn)修人員和從事涉外工作的人士。全書內(nèi)容廣泛，覆蓋了當(dāng)代英國(guó)社會(huì)與文化的各個(gè)方面，共有18單元，分別從概貌、家庭、就業(yè)、業(yè)余生活、教育、福利、宗教、法律、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、外交、大眾媒介等方面介紹當(dāng)代英國(guó)社會(huì)及其變化。并針對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生的需要，提供圖文并茂的素材，讓學(xué)生自己閱讀和分析，領(lǐng)會(huì)兩種文化和正體的差異。本教材編排新穎、內(nèi)容豐富、語言生動(dòng)，且配以較多的練習(xí)。它既強(qiáng)調(diào)有學(xué)生使用英語來獲得信息，又組織學(xué)生根據(jù)已獲得的信息來進(jìn)行小組討論或書面總結(jié)，以加深他們對(duì)英國(guó)文化的認(rèn)識(shí)，同時(shí)還培養(yǎng)他們的語言運(yùn)用能力。

書籍目錄

PREFACE(to students)Chapter 1 Introduction  Section A:Exposition Texts    A1 Geography    A2 Population:Density & Structure    A3 Ethnic Groups    A4 Class    A5 Fifty Years of a Changing Tradition  Section B:Exploition Activities  Section C:Extension Tasks  Supplementary Reading  GlossaryChapter 2 Family & Personal Relationships(1)  Section A:Exposition Texts    A1 The Family    A2 Youth    A3 Marriage    A4 Marriage & Divorce  Section B:Exploition Activities  Section C:Extension Tasks  Supplementary Reading  GlossaryChapter 3 Family & Personal Relationships(2)  Section A:Exposition Texts    A1 Husbands & Wives    A2 Parents & Children    A3 Old Age  Section B:Exploition Activities  Section C:Extension Tasks  Supplementary Reading  GlossaryChapter 4 Education  Section A:Exposition Texts    A1 Change & Reform in Schools    A2 Schools Today    A3 Institutions of Higher Education    A4 Further Education & Training  Section B:Exploition Activities  Section C:Extension Tasks  Supplementary Reading  GlossaryChapter 5 Work  Section A:Exposition Texts    A1 What is ‘Work’?    A2 The Pattern of Employment    A3 Getting a Job    A4 Unions & Management    A5 Gender & Ethnicity  Section B:Exploition Activities  Section C:Extension Tasks  Supplementary Reading  GlossaryChapter 6 LeisureChapter 7 Holidays & TourismChapter 8 Crime & the PoliceChapter 9 Justice & the LawChapter 10 BeliefsChapter 11 WelfareChapter 12 Domestic EconomyChapter 13 System of GovernmentChapter 14 Political Parties & GroupsChapter 15 The Media(1)——BroadcastingChapter 16 The Media(2)——The PressChapter 17 Britain & the WorldChapter 18 Foreign Trade

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The West End and the South Bank are famous as contres for drama and music. As a worldcultural centre London contains museums and galleries covering all branches of knowledgeand the arts, of which the oldest and largest is the British Museum. There are numerous parks,such as Regents Park and Hyde Park to which the public have free access. Wembley Stadiumis the site of the Football Association Cup Final, Twickenham home of Euglish Rugby Union,Lords of English cricket and Wimbledon the site of the international Lawn Tennischampionship. （See Chapter 6）As with all large urban areas, London has suffered the problems of economic change.Although the Port of London remains the largest in Britain and the eighth largest in Europe, itno longer employs the size of labour force that it used to. Many of Londons manufacturingactivities have relocated to nearby towns where land is cheaper or to other counries wherelabour is cheaper. The East End of London vividly demonstrates the inequalities of Britishsociety. Areas of low cost housing where the families of less skilled workers remain on lowpay or social welfare benefits are close to redeveloper exclusive residential facilities andexpensive office blocks where millions of pounds are being made in finance and other thrivingservice sector activities.London also faces transportation and other environmental problems. The tube, is the oldestand longest underground railway in the world and London is the hub of the nations rail andmotorway networks. However, with its massive commuters and tourist traffic and narrowstreets, it has become increasingly difficult to keep traffic flowing. Since 2000 London hashad a directly elected Mayor, who together with a separately elected assembly forms theGreater London Authority. They face the challenge of maintaining the unique character andeconomic strength of London into the 21st century.

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