世界文明的源泉

內(nèi)容概要

這部兩卷本的經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)上啟示公元前3000年人類遠(yuǎn)古文明發(fā)源之初，下迄21世紀(jì)全球文化日趨多元的今天，全面展示了一幅綺麗多彩的世界文明歷史畫卷。
    所選文獻(xiàn)代表了人類在歷史、文學(xué)、科學(xué)、哲學(xué)、宗教、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、傳記以及史詩、神話等方面的成就，內(nèi)容廣泛、意義深遠(yuǎn)，發(fā)人深省。
    這些文獻(xiàn)或者提供了作者所處時(shí)代的獨(dú)特文明的生動(dòng)見證，或者生發(fā)了他們對(duì)所處社會(huì)的真知灼見。
    六大文明時(shí)期的導(dǎo)讀及每篇文前的題說，對(duì)特定歷史時(shí)期的重大事件進(jìn)行了梳理，對(duì)文獻(xiàn)的產(chǎn)生背景及作者生平輔以必要的說明，風(fēng)格簡潔，分析透徹。
    既適合大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)研讀，也適合所有人文關(guān)懷和精神訴求的讀書人參閱和賞析。

書籍目錄

前言總序早期文明  吉爾伽美什史詩    吉爾伽美什  古埃及人的日常生活    尼加急河頌    紙草文  漢謨拉比法典    漢謨拉比法典  希伯來圣經(jīng)    創(chuàng)世記    以賽亞書    耶利米哀歌  梨俱吠陀    創(chuàng)造之歌  印度種姓制度    摩奴法典  尚書·召誥古典文明  荷馬    伊利亞特    奧德賽  柏拉圖    理想國  亞里士多德    政治學(xué)  波里比烏斯    通史  蘇埃托尼烏斯    羅馬十二帝王傳  尤維納利斯    諷刺詩（第三首）  新約全書    馬太福音    使徒行傳    羅馬書  孔子    論語  司馬遷    史記  印度教    薄伽梵歌  佛教    佛教基本教義    法句經(jīng)    摩崖法敕    巖石敕文    石柱法敕    道教后古典時(shí)期的世界  希波的圣奧古斯丁  穆罕默德  阿爾·法拉比  本居宣長  圣本尼狄克  艾因哈德  十字軍東征  英國大憲章  圣托馬斯·阿奎那  司馬光  東南亞  D.T.尼安

章節(jié)摘錄

　　When did civilization begin? We have strong evidence that human--or closely similar--beings have lived on the earth for millions of years, but no one suggests that any civilization approaches that extreme age. To cope with our initial question, we need to address a prior one: What constitutes civilization? Although no simple answer can be given to this question, sufficient consensus exists among archaeologists and historians that we can identify the earliest of the ancient civilizations and the approximate times of their beginnings. Civilization requires a society, or a group of people living together over a period of time in the same place. Accepting these conditions of civilized life, we can conclude that a precondition of the existence of a civilization is the development of agriculture, for people who must hunt for their food cannot lead a settled, communal life. Agriculture, in its turn, leads to the domestication of animals, the tillage of fields, the acquisition of property, trade, and commerce, and, eventually, to the growth of towns and cities.　　With all of these we have a fully developed civilization. For our purpose, which is to present a history of civilization, one other requirement need smention--the written word. Although not essential (for some civilizations have existed for long periods with their past preserved in oral traditions),written records furnish the solid foundations on which the story of humankind rests.　　Even if we accept these constituents of civilization, we cannot place a definite date on the first civilizations, for archaeologists continue tounearth early remains in widely scattered locations. At the present time,they can point to towns they have excavated in the Near East that flour-ished as early as the eighth millennium B.C. Although we cannot review theentire list of ancient civilizations here, we shall concentrate on those that,because of their importance or their continuity, have made significantcontributions to later history.　　……

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