量子計(jì)算機(jī)概論INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM COMPUTERS

內(nèi)容概要

Quantum computing promises to solve problems which are intractable on digital computers. Highly parallel quantum algorithms can decrease the computational time for some problems by many orders of magnitude. This important book explains how quantum computers can do these amazing things. Several algorithms are illustrated: the discrete Fourier transform, Shor's algorithm for prime factorization; algorithms for quantum logic gates; physical implementations of quantum logic gates in ion traps and in spin chains; the simplest schemes for quantum error correction; correction of errors caused by imperfect resonant pulses; correction of errors caused by the nonresonant actions of a pulse; and numerical simulations of dynamical behavior of the quantum Control-Not gate. An overview of some basic elements of computer science is presented, including the Turing machine, Boolean algebra, and logic gates. The required quantum ideas are explained. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.

書(shū)籍目錄

1 Introduction2 The Turing Machine3 Binary System and Boolean Algebra4 The Quantum Computer5 The Discrete Fourier Transform6 Quantum Factorization of Integers7 Logic Gates8 Implementation of Logic Gates Using Transistors9 Reversible Logic Gates10 Quantum Logic Gates11 Two and Three Qubit Quantum Logic Gates12 One-Qubit Rotation13 Aj - Transformation14 Bjk - Transformation15 Unitary Transformations and Quantum Dynamics16 Quantum Dynamics at Finite Temperature17 Physical Realization of Quantum Computations18 CONTROL-NOT Gate in an Ion Trap19 Aj and Bjk Gates in an Ion Trap20 Linear Chains of Nuclear Spins21 Digital Gates in a Spin Chain22 Non-resonant Action of Jr-Pulses23 Experimental Logic Gates in Quantum Systems24 Error Correction for Quantum Computers25 Quantum Gates in a Two-Spin System26 Quantum Logic Gates in a Spin Ensemble at Room Temperature27 Evolution of an Ensemble of Four-Spin Molecules28 Getting the Desired Density Matrix29 Conclusion

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