出版時間:2010-3 出版社:齊魯電子音像出版社 作者:金繩曾 編 頁數:240 字數:400000
內容概要
畢業(yè)來臨,備考專八,效率和效果同樣重要,真題和預測都想得到,有沒有一舉兩得的省錢之道?星火最新推出專八最新5套真題+5套預測的試卷形式,真題研習+模擬訓練,已最經濟簡捷的方式拿到最高的分數。
作者簡介
金繩曾,上海外國語大學教授,歷任英語系基礎教研室及高年級教研室主任、國際經濟貿易學院副院長。1983年赴加拿大約克大學和多倫多大學進修,獲加拿大政府頒發(fā)的新課程開設獎。1993年,榮獲由國家教委和上海市高等教育局頒發(fā)的優(yōu)秀教學成果國家級二等獎和市級一等獎。
出版物有《當代英漢分類詳解詞典》、《英語常用詞匯分級詞典》、《高等學校英語專業(yè)基礎英語教學大綱》等,并拍攝《基礎英語》、《科技英語》、《英語教學法》等錄像200余盒,在全國各大電視臺播映。
章節(jié)摘錄
From J1une to September Kolkata can get torrential rains.During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours.Entire neighborhoods couldnt be reached by motorized vehicles,and the newspapers showed pietures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullerswaists.When its raining,the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly,as does the price of a journey.A writer in Kolkata told me,"When it rains,even the governor takes rickshaws."While I was in Kolkata,a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure.Among Indias 20 largest states,Bihar finished dead last。as it has for four of the past five years.Bihar,a few hundred miles north of Kolkata,is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from.Once in Kolkata,they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera-a combination of garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar.For sleeping privileges in a dera,pullers pay 100 rupees(about$2.50)a month,which sounds like a pretty good deal until youve visited a dera.They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day,out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for,say,crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited.A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income,doing better than only the beggars.For someone without land or education。that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata,particularly educated and politically aware people,who will not ride in a rickshaw,because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism.Ironically,some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws.The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkatas Telegraph-Rudrangshu Mukherjee,a former academic who still writes history books-told me,for instance,that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road."I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,"he said,"but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood."Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations,rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the governments plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare,he smiled,with a quick shake of his head-a gesture I interpreted to mean。"If you are so nafve as to ask such a question,1 will answer it,but it is not worth wasting words on."Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place.As migrant workers,they don’t have the political clout eoyed by,say,Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers,who,after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive,still clog the sidewalks,selling absolutely everythingor,as I found during the 48 hours of rain,absolutely everything but umbrellas.……
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