計算機英語

內(nèi)容概要

本書力圖向讀者介紹計算機科學(xué)的全貌，即在計算機環(huán)境下如何解決問題和有效地完成任務(wù)。由于計算機知識的多樣性，本書無法只介紹其中某一方面的問題，而是盡可能地描述計算機科學(xué)的發(fā)展，讀者從中可以看清計算機發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)。    　　本書覆蓋了離散數(shù)學(xué)、算法、編程方法學(xué)、面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計、操作系統(tǒng)、科學(xué)計算這樣一些傳統(tǒng)意義上的計算機科學(xué)理論，也涉及到計算機圖形學(xué)、多媒體、人工智能、計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)這些新議題，更加進(jìn)了述錄系統(tǒng)、語音技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、應(yīng)用程序、微控制器這樣一些應(yīng)用實例。這樣的編排是為了拓展讀者的視野一，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)自己感興趣的問題。    與其他計算機英語教科書不同的是，本書是按照簡單的全反應(yīng)式模型來編寫的，與其說這是一本英語書，不如說這是用英語編寫的介紹計算機科學(xué)的引論。本書不再介紹英語語法，但教師還是應(yīng)當(dāng)對復(fù)雜的語法現(xiàn)象做深入分析，這既是理解上下文的需要，也是提高英語閱讀能力所必須的。從學(xué)習(xí)者的角度來看，這使解釋更清晰，讀者把握內(nèi)容更全面。從教學(xué)的角度看，這樣的做法為教師提供了一種自然的循序漸進(jìn)的教學(xué)方法，從而講授那些難于掌握的材料。    本書分成20個單元，每個單元包含3篇文章，Text A和Text B給出了一些關(guān)鍵詞匯和短語，對較為深入的問題作了注解，并安排少量問題。讀者除了用英文完成那些問題外，還應(yīng)自主查找相關(guān)資料。這些問題有些涉及計算機的專門知識，有些是為了提高英語應(yīng)用水平。使用本書并不需要計算機科學(xué)基本知識以外的其他預(yù)先知識。當(dāng)然，已經(jīng)學(xué)了一些計算機基礎(chǔ)知識會有助于理解本書中一些實際應(yīng)用方面的材料。

書籍目錄

Unit 1  Computer ScienceUnit 2 Discrete Mathematics for Computer ScienceUnit 3 Algorithms in the “ Real World”Unit 4 Dictation SystemsUnit 5 Programming MethodologyUnit 6 Coding GuidelinesUnit 7 Object-Oriented Systems Design    Unit 8 Operating Systems and Systems PmgmmmimUnit 9 introduction to ScientiDc ComputingUnit 10 lutmduction to Computer SystemUnit 11 Speech Technology Research, Development, and OeplotmlemUnit 12 Computer Language and ProgrammingUnit 13 Computer Graphics and imageUnit 14 Multimedia TechnologyUnit 15 Research Project in Artificial intelligenceUnit 16  SoRwm That |nables You to, fhor ImelliUem Tm~r BehaviorUnit 17  Computer Network TechnologYUnit 18  COmPuter and NetWO SecuyUnit 19  Compmor ApplicationUnit 20  Foundation and Application of Microcontroller

章節(jié)摘錄

　　So far, weve looking at various CPU instructions and how to represent themin memory. Basically, weve been looking at the machine language of the68,000. That is, the language that the 68,000 inherently understands. This isall fine and dandy if youre actually setting the bits in a computers memory byhand. However, more often than not, you dont end up programming this way.　　In order to make it easier to program computers, someone came up with thebright idea of creating an assembler. An assembler is able to take machineinstructions in　a　human-readable form　and　translate　them　into　binaryautomatically. Thats about a million times better than machine language.However, its quite easy to do. An assembly language is simply a syntax forspecifying machine instructions. That means that you can convert to assemblylanguage to machine language with just a simple encoding of the machinelanguage instructions. In fact, by definition all assembly language instructions havea one-to-one mapping to machine language. In other words, the assemblerdoesnt need any smarts——it just needs to know the translation.　　Having assembly languages is great, but there is still something missing. Itsstill difficult to get things done in assembly, plus every processor has a differentassembly language （they have to because they all have different machinelanguages）. That means that if you write some code for one processor, you haveto completely re-write it if you change processors.　　Over time, people developed higher-level languages, such as Fortran, C,Pascal, Java, VisualBasic. You should be familiar with at least one of theselanguages （namely C, since its a prerequisite for the class）. These higher-levellanguages are great because they make programming easier and also allow for　some） portability between processors. One interesting point is that in higher-level languages, one statement can translate into numerous assembly languageinstructions.

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　　中國大學(xué)英語教學(xué)改革的方向，中國社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的必然要求。

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