計算機英語

前言

　　打開計算機，即使使用中文版操作系統(tǒng)和漢化軟件，仍然可能遇到大量英文內(nèi)容。如果計算機顯示CMOS battery failed(CMOS電池失效)，說明CMOS電池的電力已經(jīng)不足，需要更換新的電池。如果計算機顯示Resuming from disk，Press TAB to show POS3、screenl(從硬盤恢復開機，按TAB鍵顯示開機自檢畫面)，則是因為某些主板的BIOS提供了Suspend t0 disk(掛起到硬盤)的功能，當使用者以Suspend to disk的方式來關(guān)機時，下次開機就會顯示此提示消息。　　這是計算機技術(shù)資料中常見的例子，不要頭疼。計算機技術(shù)是從英語國家開始的，從事計算機行業(yè)的人，難免遇到大量英文資料，無論是外版教材、技術(shù)手冊還是聯(lián)機說明都是如此，而希望閱讀或者發(fā)表高水平的專業(yè)論文，也必須使用英語。因此，學好專業(yè)英語對計算機專業(yè)學生來說非常重要。　　本書是針對計算機專業(yè)本科三年級學生編寫的。計算機專業(yè)學生的基本要求是讀懂外方的軟件需求文檔和在編程中根據(jù)要求插入簡單的注釋文本。因此在本書編寫過程中，我們一直認為應該強調(diào)閱讀理解，強調(diào)簡單文本寫作及強調(diào)專業(yè)術(shù)語與基本科技英語語法。同時，為了提高效率和便于工作中的資料積累與交流，應該介紹一些翻譯技巧，使學生能夠把看懂的內(nèi)容用比較準確和流暢的中文表達出來，能夠把軟件設計與實現(xiàn)中的思路翻譯成簡單英文。為此，我們挑選一些難句，給出準確翻譯并進行剖析，增加學生的理解深度。課文后面還有關(guān)鍵術(shù)語的解釋、翻譯技巧及技術(shù)方面、語言方面的知識，非常實用。每章最后還有參考讀物，難度略大于課文，建議老師在保證讓學生掌握課文內(nèi)容的前提下，根據(jù)學生的接受情況和興趣、水平?jīng)Q定教學內(nèi)容的深淺。俗話說，興趣是成功之母，本教材努力通過各種背景知識增加趣味性，老師還可以通過調(diào)動學生積極參與課堂教學活動激發(fā)學生的學習興趣，可以鼓勵學生自己從網(wǎng)絡和其他地方尋找相關(guān)資料，擴大視野，并且把學習的專業(yè)英語知識應用到其他專業(yè)課程的學習中，學以致用，切實體會計算機英語的作用，變“要我學”為“我要學”。　　本書由邱仲潘主編，第l章至第14章由邱仲潘編寫，第15章至第20章由劉文紅編寫，邱仲潘負責全書的統(tǒng)稿工作。在本書的寫作過程中，陳鏘、鄧琳、黃宣達、江松波、楊靜、劉文瓊、張藝永等同志也做了大量工作，在此深表感謝。由于時間倉促，書中難免存在錯誤和缺漏之處，期待各位讀者不吝賜教，以便今后修訂時改正和增補。

內(nèi)容概要

本書是為計算機專業(yè)本科三年級學生編寫的專業(yè)英語教材，全書分20章，每章有一篇計算機時文和難句解釋，并將文中涉及的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語放在練習中，每章最后還有課外閱讀。為了幫助學生閱讀和翻譯科技文獻，每章會介紹一些翻譯技巧。時文選擇既考慮讓學生掌握必要的專業(yè)詞匯，又考慮介紹一些前沿技術(shù)，開拓學生的視野。作者作為一線教師，了解學生的知識水平、接受能力和需求點，而且翻譯過大量計算機圖書，有豐富的翻譯經(jīng)驗，翻譯技巧的系統(tǒng)介紹是本書的一大特色。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1 Personal ComputerChapter 2 Hard DisksChapter 3 MonitorChapter 4 MouseChapter 5 How Bits and Bytes WorkChapter 6 MicrorocessorChapter 7 Application SoftwareChapter 8 CompilerChapter 9 How Java WorksChapter 10 DBMSChapter 11 Artificial IntelligenceChapter 12 Neural NetworkChapter 13 How DSL WorksChapter 14 Internet InfrastuctureChapter 15 How Internet Search Engines WorkChapter 16 EncryptionChapter 17 Taking A Closer Look at the DCEChapter 18 How MP3 Files WorkChapter 19 Shockwave 3-D TechnologyChapter 20 PlayStation 2參考文獻

章節(jié)摘錄

　　5．Problems 1）Dead pixels A few LCD monitors are produced wim“dead pixels”．Due to the desire for affordablemonitors．most manufacturers sell monitors with dead pixels．Almost all manufacturers haveclauses in their warranties which claim monitors with fewer than some number of dead pixels arenot broken and will not be replaced．The dead pixels are usually stuck with the green，red，and／or blue subpixels either individually always stuck on or off． Like image persistence，this can sometimes be partially or fully reversed by using the samemethod listed below．however the chance of success is far lower than with a“stuck”pixel．It canalso sometimes be repaired by physically flicking the pixel，however it is always a possibility forsomeone to use too much force and rupture the weak screen internals doing this．　　2）Stuck pixels　　LCD monitors，while lacking phosphor screens and thus immune to phosphor burn-in，have a similar condition known as image persistence，where the pixels of the LCD monitor can“remember”a particular color and become“stuck”and unable to change．Unlike phosphor bum-in，however，image persistence can sometimes be reversed partially or completely．This is accomplished by rapidly displaying varying colors to“wake up”the stuck pixels．　　3）Phosphor burn-in　　Phosphor bum-in is localised aging of the phosphor layer of a CRT screen where it hasdisplayed a static bright image for many years．This results in a faint permanent image on the screen．even when powered off．In severe cases it can even be possible to read some of the text，though this only occurs where the displayed text remained the same for years．　　This was once a common phenomenon in single purpose business computers．It can still be anissue with CRT displays when used to display the same image for years at a time，but modem computers area’t normally used this way any more，so the problem is not a significant issue．Theissue seems to have become exaggerated in popular opinion．The only systems that suffered the defect were ones displaying the same image for years，and with these the presence of bum_in was not a noticeable effect when in use，since it coincided with the displayed image perfectly．It only became a significant issue in 3 situations：　　·when some heavily used monitors were reused at home：　　·or reused for display purposes；　　·in some high security applications（but only those where the high security data displayed　　did not change for years at a time）．　　Screen savers were developed as a means to avoid bum．in，but are redundant for CRTs today，despite their popularity．‘The problem does not OCCur with multitasking systems，and powering down the display after a period of non-use is as effective and has additional benefits，such as increasing monitor life and reducing power use．

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