旅游經(jīng)濟學

前言

The tourism industry is a global giant which provides services to travelers while alsoproviding opportunities to earn income through useful employment and productiveinvestment. I have written this book to help students use the basic methods of micro-economics to understand what is happening in this important and growing industry. Ihave been teaching an undergraduate course on the economics of tourism for manyyears, but I have not found a textbook that could support my undergraduate course onapplying mainstream microeconomic analysis to tourism. This book is intended to filla gap that I see in the array of tourism texts.For many decades economists have been working on various aspects of tourism.Most notably, economists have studied the airline industry, first examining its regula-tion and then following the path of the deregulated industry. This large body of workhas provided important analysis that students can benefit from. Also, a small industryof researchers applies economic impact analysis to tourism. Other areas of tourismhave lacked this depth of attention from economists, but I try to show that much workapplied elsewhere has useful applications to tourism. This book shows, for example,that the Nobel-Prize-winning work of George Akerlof, Ronald Coase, and WassilyLeontief is useful for understanding tourism. It also shows how simple concepts andmethods that economists have usefully applied to the study of the information indus-try are equally useful in understanding the behavior of tourism firms. One of the mostimportant areas where students can improve their insights into tourism firm behavioris pricing. Here some simple economic analysis can clearly show how a firm with dif-ferent kinds of customers and a capacity constraint chooses a price for each kind ofcustomer to maximize profits. This fairly simple economic analysis is important forunderstanding pricing in tourism, especially for hotels and airlines.This book is aimed primarily at advanced undergraduates in hospitality andtourism degree programs, but it may also be useful for students in graduate hospitalityand tourism programs and undergraduate programs in business and economics.This book is primarily intended as the basis for a course on the economics oftourism, but it could also serve as a resource for other courses in tourism, hospitalitymanagement, and other areas of travel and tourism. ！ am also hopeful that it willstimulate economics of tourism course offerings in many programs that do not offerthem now.

內(nèi)容概要

本書根據(jù)現(xiàn)代市場經(jīng)濟理論和西方經(jīng)濟學的理論與方法，在充分吸收和借鑒旅游學研究最新成果的基礎上，運用多學科的知識與方法，較為全面系統(tǒng)地闡述了旅游經(jīng)濟學的基本理論和方法。

作者簡介

威廉·S.里斯，美國西弗吉尼亞大學（West Virginia University）經(jīng)濟管理學院經(jīng)濟學教授。他的研究和教學主要致力于旅游經(jīng)濟學以及微觀和計量經(jīng)濟學的其他應用領(lǐng)域。

書籍目錄

第1章  緒論　概要　旅游業(yè)的經(jīng)濟概念以及問題　　創(chuàng)造客戶價值和創(chuàng)造員工及企業(yè)主收入　　供應　　需求　　競爭　　政府管制　旅游行業(yè)組織　小結(jié)　參考書目第2章  旅游業(yè)的價值創(chuàng)造　什么是經(jīng)濟？為什么我們有經(jīng)濟？　收人和增值　旅行社增加的價值　　旅行社能夠創(chuàng)造多少收入　美國旅游增加的價值　加拿大旅游增加的價值　小結(jié)　參考書目第3章  旅游消費者　概要　美國旅行者的特征　美國全國家庭旅游調(diào)查　　旅游形式　　商務旅行者　旅游需求　　價格變化的影響　　收入變化的影響　　影響需求的因素　價格和收入需求彈性　　需求價格彈性　　需求交叉彈性　　需求收入彈性　　計算旅游服務需求彈性　客戶忠誠度計劃　小結(jié)　參考書目第4章  供應、需求以及旅游業(yè)的增長　概要　古代的旅行和旅游　中世紀的旅游　前現(xiàn)代時期的旅游　　大旅游（教育旅行）　現(xiàn)代大規(guī)模旅游　　供應和需求　需求　供應　　成本　　企業(yè)間的戰(zhàn)略互動　小結(jié)　參考書目第5章  經(jīng)濟影響：產(chǎn)出、收入以及可持續(xù)性　……第6章  旅游服務定價第7章  民航第8章  自駕車旅游、乘火車以及汽車旅游第9章  住宿和餐飲第10章  郵輪第11章  旅游目的地、旅游活動以及旅游吸引力第12章  旅游中介組織：旅行社、旅游經(jīng)銷商第13章  賭場游戲參考文獻索引

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：An economy is the set of institutions that creates the goods and services society wants toconsume. If an economy is a set of institutions, we must define institution. Some insti-tutions are normal rules of behavior and social interaction. These can be formal, such aslaws and regulations, or informal, such as customs and social behaviors. Private propertyrights and payments for labor services, which are important examples of economic in-stitutions, involve both formal laws and informal social behaviors. Social organizationssuch as physical markets like a local fish market, or electronic markets like the NASDAO（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System）, or moreabstract markets, like the labor market, are also institutions. Institutions are often verydurable, enduring little-changed for generations or centuries. Or, they can changerapidly. For example, technical change can lead to rapid change in institutions, as withthe introduction of the telephone and later the cellular telephone, the Internet, e-mail,and other changes in electronic communications. These changes have caused manychanges in the rules of social interaction.We have an economy and economic institutions because we want to eat, we wantto be protected from the weather, we want to be warm in winter and cool in summer,we want to be entertained, we want to be mobile, and so on. We have an economy be-cause we are consumers and nature usually does not give us the things that directlyprovide consumer satisfaction. At the most basic level, even if we were to subsist onnaturally growing fruits and berries we would first have to gather them. The naturalfoods we gather may also require some kind of preparation. All of this gathering

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