希臘神話故事六則

內(nèi)容概要

　　古希臘神話充滿著智慧和神奇，講述了宙斯統(tǒng)治天國時期，諸神為人類所做的大量貢獻(xiàn)。許多神存其中扮演了英雄角色。《希臘神話故事六則》匯聚了希臘神話故事的六則精華，以簡煉的語言為讀者講述了六個美麗動人的傳說故事?！　∠ＥD文化源于古老的愛琴文明，它的創(chuàng)造者是西洋文明的始祖，他們具有卓越的天性和不凡的想像力。在那原始時代，他們對自然現(xiàn)象，對人的生死，都感到神秘和難解，于是他們不斷地幻想、不斷地沉思。在他們想像中，宇宙萬物都擁有生命。然而在多利亞人入侵愛琴文明后，因?yàn)樗畹南ＥD半島人口過剩，他們不得不向外尋找生活空間。這時候他們崇拜英雄豪杰，因而產(chǎn)生了許多人神交織的民族英雄故事。這些人所創(chuàng)造的人、神、物的故事，經(jīng)由時間的淬煉，就被史學(xué)家統(tǒng)稱為希臘神話，公元前十一二世紀(jì)到七、八世紀(jì)則被稱為神話時代。神話故事最初都是口耳相傳，直至公元前七世紀(jì)才由大詩人荷馬整理記錄于《荷馬史詩》中。

書籍目錄

柏勒羅豐赫拉克勒斯伊阿宋奧德賽珀爾修斯忒修斯

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Exiled　　Bellerophon was a citizen of Corinth who was exiled owing to a murder which he had committed．In those days it was possible to be purified of the guilt of such a crime，and Bellerophon was in due course absolved by King Proems of neighboring Tiryns．The king’S wife，generally identified as Stheneboea，made a pass at the young hero，and when he repulsed her advances she told her husband that it was Bellerophon who made a pass at her．　　放逐　　柏勒羅豐是科林斯。城邦中的一位公民，他因犯謀殺罪而遭到放逐。在當(dāng)時，這樣的罪行還有被免責(zé)的可能。鄰國提拉斯的普洛特斯國王讓他逃過了此劫。國王的妻子，我們通常稱之為希納波，對年輕的英雄大獻(xiàn)殷勤，柏勒羅豐斷然拒絕了王后的挑逗，她倒打一耙告訴自己的丈夫說柏勒羅豐勾引了她?！　he Letter　　King Proems cloaked his indignation，not wishing to violate the sacred obligations of hospitality by doing harm to his guest．But he contrived his revenge by asking Bellerophon to deliver a letter on his behalf to King Iobates of Lycia，his father-in-law．　　This is somewhat surprising in that writing hadn’t been invented yet，except perhaps a rudimentary form used for inventory—keeping on the island of Crete and certain parts of the mainland．No wonder Bellerophon couldn·t make out the meaning of the message he was to deliver．Either that or the letter was sealed-although for that matter”letters”hadn’t been invented yet either．　　信件　　普洛特斯國王掩飾了自己的不悅，他并不想冒犯客人，褻瀆熱情待客的神圣義務(wù)?？墒?，普洛特斯設(shè)計進(jìn)行了報復(fù)，他要求柏勒羅豐以他的名義給自己遠(yuǎn)在利西亞的岳父送一封信?！　∵@多少有些奇怪，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時還沒有發(fā)明文字，或許只有在克里特島和大陸某些特定的地方才有記錄的雛形。當(dāng)然，柏勒羅豐對自己將要傳遞的信件內(nèi)容一無所知?；蛟S信口被封得嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實(shí)實(shí)，或許當(dāng)時還沒有“信件”這一說?！　he Favor　　What the message said was：”Dear Iobates，please do me a favor and kill the person who hands you this．”To do SO proved impossible，however as Iobates was bound by the same strictures of hospitality as King Proetus．So instead he feasted Bellerophon for a goodly number of days and nights，until at length he announced that he had a favor to ask of him．　　Assuming that this had something to do with a retum letter to Proetus，Bellerophon may well have been giving thought to establishing the first postal service，when Iobates surprised him with the unexpected nature of his request．Would Bellerophon be so kind as to rid the kingdom of the Chimaera?　　恩惠　　信上說：“親愛的伊奧巴特斯，請幫我把這個持信人給殺了。”然而此舉是不可能的，因?yàn)橐翃W巴特斯和普洛特斯一樣，也礙于熱情待客的禮節(jié)。因此，伊奧巴特斯反而設(shè)席宴請了柏勒羅豐好多天，最后，他宣稱自己需要柏勒羅豐的幫助?！　“乩樟_豐猜想這多少和伊奧巴特斯寫給普洛特斯的回信有關(guān)，柏勒羅豐可能早就對第一次信使工作做了好多的揣測，但是他萬沒料到伊奧巴特斯的請求會如此出人意料。柏勒羅豐會答應(yīng)去搗毀科邁拉的巢穴嗎?　　The Challenge　　Not wishing to sugarcoat the challenge，the king went on to describe the Chimaera as a fire—breathing monster directly related to Heracles nemesis the many—headed Hydra，and Cerberus，watchdog of Hades．The Chimaera had a lion’S front，a goat’S middle and a snake’s tail（in some alternative versions of the myth．the heads of these three beasts with some admixture of body parts）．In any case，it was truly ferocious．　　挑戰(zhàn)　　國王沒有隱瞞這其實(shí)是一次挑戰(zhàn)，他接著就描述了科邁拉的樣子：這是一頭噴火的怪物，它和大力神赫拉克勒斯的復(fù)仇女神——九頭蛇許德拉和冥王哈得斯的看家狗克爾柏洛斯相似。銀鮫長著獅頭、羊身和蛇尾（它在另外一些類似的神話中被描述成是這三種動物的頭以及身體其它部位的混合體）。無論怎樣，科邁拉真的是兇猛異常。

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