計算機英語教程

前言

計算機技術(shù)是信息社會發(fā)展的主要推動力量之一，尤其是計算機網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)及構(gòu)筑于其上的因特網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，似乎在一夜之問將人們帶入了網(wǎng)絡社會。作為計算機專業(yè)的學生，了解和掌握計算機科學技術(shù)各領(lǐng)域的概貌及計算機技術(shù)給社會帶來的深刻變化，對自己的學習和職業(yè)生涯大有裨益。大量閱讀計算機及相關(guān)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的文獻資料是幫助學生實現(xiàn)此目的的有效途徑之一。因此，計算機專業(yè)英語的選材就顯得至關(guān)重要。呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前的這本教材就是為適應這一需求而編寫的。作者從國外最新計算機著作、學術(shù)期刊、白皮書和網(wǎng)頁中選取素材，軟件、硬件、網(wǎng)絡、應用并重，兼顧技術(shù)和文化，既系統(tǒng)介紹了計算機科學技術(shù)各主要分支和應用領(lǐng)域的概貌，又反映了當前的技術(shù)熱點及其帶來的社會變化，特別是網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)及相關(guān)的社會影響。全書共分14個單元，分別介紹計算機歷史、計算機軟件、計算機硬件、計算機網(wǎng)絡、高級移動計算、因特網(wǎng)、萬維網(wǎng)與電子商務、數(shù)字媒體、計算智能、隱私與加密、計算機犯罪與安全、在線游戲、軍事應用及IT職業(yè)培訓。鑒于近幾年世界局勢的變化，特別編寫了計算機軍事應用單元，內(nèi)容涉及反恐、信息戰(zhàn)和網(wǎng)絡中心戰(zhàn)。本書每個單元包括若干篇課文，每篇課文有詳細的詞匯、縮略語和注釋。針對計算機術(shù)語和不常見詞匯，給出符合文意的中文解釋；針對常見詞匯，給出在文中的特定詞義；針對典型句型和較難的句子，做了注釋或翻譯；針對文中出現(xiàn)的人物、事件等，給出簡略的文化背景注釋。為便于讀者查閱，書后附有總詞匯表和總縮略語表。本書由周生炳主編，李少甫、舒暢、任邵東編寫。編寫過程中，得到諸多同仁的幫助。陳建林、周偉平、陳黎、杜銳為作者收集資料提供幫助，成棟、鄭連清、張寒松、華鋒、黃志勇、王俊為作者解答了部分電子商務和軍事術(shù)語的理解問題，翁竟明、安鵬、劉學軍、岳向林、郭穎哲、蘇英振自始至終關(guān)心和支持本書的編寫。對此，作者表示衷心的感謝。限于作者學識，書中難免有錯誤和不妥之處，敬請讀者批評指正。

內(nèi)容概要

本書旨在提高讀者閱讀計算機英語文獻的能力。選題多樣，素材取自國外最新計算機著作、學術(shù)期刊、白皮書和網(wǎng)頁，軟件、硬件、網(wǎng)絡、應用并重，兼顧技術(shù)和文化，內(nèi)容涉及計算機科學各領(lǐng)域的當前現(xiàn)狀和最新發(fā)展?！　∪珪?4單元，分別介紹計算機歷史、計算機軟件、計算機硬件、計算機網(wǎng)絡、高級移動計算、因特網(wǎng)、萬維網(wǎng)與電子商務、數(shù)字媒體、計算智能、隱私與加密、計算機犯罪與安全、在線游戲、軍事應用及IT職業(yè)培訓。每單元包括若干篇課文，每篇課文均提供詞匯、縮略語和注釋。前13單元配有閱讀理解練習。　　本書適合計算機專業(yè)高年級學生、研究生使用，也可作為各類培訓人員計算機文獻閱讀教材。

書籍目錄

Unit 1 Brief History of Computing  Passage One Personal Computer History Passage Two The History of Computer Languages Passage Three From ARPANET to INTERNETUnit 2 Computer Software Passage One Operating System Passage Two Databases Passage Three Information Systems Passage Four Application Software Passage Five Programming Language Passage Six Program Development Life CycleUnit 3 Computer Hardware Passage One The System Unit and Its Motherboard Passage Two Storage Devices Passage Three Input Devices Passage Four Output DevicesUnit 4 Computer Networks Passage One What Is a Computer Network? Passage Two LANs and WANsUnit 5 Advanced Mobile Computing Passage One Wireless Community Networks Passage Two Wireless Devices  Unchained Passage Three Pervasive ComputingUnit 6 The Internet Passage One What Is the Internet? Passage Two The Internet Services Passage Three How the Internet WorksUnit 7 The WWW and E-commerce Passage One The World Wide Web Passage Two Browing the Web Passage Three Electronic CommerceUnit 8 Digital Media Passage One Bitmap Graphics Passage Two Vector and 3-D Graphics Passage Three Desktop Video Passage Four Digital SoundUnit 9 Computational Intelligence Passage One Artificial Intelligence Passage Two Soft ComputingUnit 10 Privacy and Encyption Passage One Privacy Passage Two EncyptionUnit 11 Computer Crime and Security Passage One Computer Crime Passage Two The Attackers Passage Three Computer Security Passage FourUnit 12 Online Games Passage One Online Games Technology Overview Passage Two Online Games Market OverviewUnit 13 Military Applications Passage One Improving Counterterroism Analysis Passage Two High Tech and Low Cunning Passage Three C4ISR=Total VictoryUnit 14 IT Careers Passage One Traditional IT Career Paths Passage Two New Information Technology Career PathsVocabularyAbbreviationsReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：Nonimpact printers are the most widely used printers for PCs today. Nonimpact printers can produce both text and graphics. Some of the most popular nonimpact printers are laser printers and inkjet printers.InkJet primers (also called bubble-jet printers) are the least expensive (and most popular) nonimpact printers. Like dot-matrix printers, inkjet printers work by forming an image that is composed of tiny dots, but the dots are much smaller and more numerous. The result is a printout that' s difficult to distinguish from the fully-formed characters printed by laser printers. InkJet printers can also print in color, which makes them popular choices for home users. Earlier inkjets had problems with smudging, but new ink formulations have all but eliminated this problem. Although inkjet printers are inexpensive and produce excellent output, they are slow, and per-page costs may exceed the costs of running a laser printer due to the generally high cost of ink cartridges.Laser printers work like copy machines. Under the printer' s computerized control, a laser beam creates electrical charges on a rotating print drum. These charges attract toner, which is transferred to the paper and fused to its surface by a heat process. In contrast to inkjets, laser printers print faster; some can crank out 18 or more pages per minute. Although they are more expensive initially than inkjet printers, laser printers generally have lower per-page costs.

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