英漢互譯原理

前言

　　The 20th century witnessed an extraordinary boom in translation studies， which is marked by its interface with linguistics（including semantics， context， syntax， grammar ， pragmatics， etc. ）， stylistics， culture， philosophy （ including reading phenomenon， reception theory and hermeneutics） ，literature and communication theory. Before the 1970s， translation research was to a great extent treated as a branch of applied linguistics， and indeed linguistics in general was seen as the main discipline which is capable of informing the study of translation （ the monograph entitled "A linguistic Theory of Translation" by Catford， J. C. published in 1965 is the typical example）. Since the 1970s， translation scholars at home and abroad， especially those in the west， have begun to draw on the theoretical frameworks and methodologies borrowed from other disciplines mentioned above. In 1980s， scholars began to approach them from the perspective of culture， which marks the cultural turn in translation studies， and since then the interdisciplinary approaches to translation studies have gained sound ground. Up to the present， the growth of translation studies as a separate discipline becomes a success story.　　In fact， translation has never been an activity that can be done in a vacuum. There is always a context in which translation takes place. Context varies with time and place， which determines the purpose of translation and shapes its form. In other words， translation as a means of cultural enrichment， the choice of works to be translated， the selection of strategies and methodologies， and the goals of translation activity are set by certain forces， power， or reason. There are many examples for illustration， such as translations done by Yan Fu， Lin Shu and other scholars in the late Qing Dynasty， the literary translation after the birth of the Peoples Republic of China， the translation of linguistic works and other works of social sciences at the turn of the century， to name but a few. Translation is therefore not the reproduction of the SL text in the target language， but rather a complex process of rewriting the original， which is influenced， or rather determined by the balance of power that exists between the SL culture and the TL culture.

內(nèi)容概要

本書綜合語言學(xué)、文體學(xué)、文化學(xué)和文學(xué)等相關(guān)學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)理論，從不同角度論證了英漢互譯的基本原理及方法與策略。全書分為六章：第一章概述翻譯的定義、功能、譯者的必備條件及翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第二章介紹翻譯策略、方法與技巧。第三章論述詞語的翻譯，內(nèi)容包括：英漢詞語的異同，語境與選詞的關(guān)系，同義詞的語義重疊及詞匯的語體等級，成語、典故、諺語及文化負載詞的翻澤。第四章論述句子的翻譯，內(nèi)容包括：英漢句法結(jié)構(gòu)的異同，形式對應(yīng)的可行性，各種從句的翻譯及特殊句型的轉(zhuǎn)換機制。第五章從文體學(xué)的角度探討不同文體作品的翻譯，內(nèi)容包括：廣告翻譯、新聞翻譯、旅游文本翻譯和科技及外交文獻的翻澤。第六章著力論述各類文學(xué)作品的翻譯原理，作者以闡釋學(xué)、接受美學(xué)及閱讀理論為理據(jù)，探討了小說、散文、詩歌、戲劇等文學(xué)作品翻譯的可行性。本書融人了作者在翻澤理論方面的部分研究成果。

書籍目錄

Chapter One  Introduction　1.1　Definition　1.2  Qualification　1.3  Criteria of TranslationChapter Two  Strategies and Methods　2.1　Strategies　　2.1.1　Domestication　　2.1.2  Foreignization　2.2  Methods and Techniques　　2.2.1　Literal Translation vs Free Translation　　2.2.2  Extension　　2.2.3  Conversion　　2.2.4  Amplification　　2.2.5  Simplification　　2.2.6  Negation and Affirmation in Translation　　2.2.7  Shift Between the Concrete and the Abstract　2.3  Dictionary and TranslationChapter Three  Translation of Words　 3.1　Semantic Change　　3.1.1　Broadening　　3.1.2  Narrowing　　3.1.3  Melioration　　3.1.4  Deterioration　  3.1.5  Antonomasia  3.2  Gaps in Translation　  3.2.1　Lexical Gap　  3.2.2  Semantic Gap  3.3　Context of Situation and Word Selec, tion　  3.3.1　Semantic Radiation　  3.3.2  Direct Context and Word Selection　  3.3.3  Indirect Context and Word Selection  3.4  Synonyms and Choice of Words　  3.4.1　Synonyms　  3.4.2  Choice of Words  3.5  Levels of Formality of Words and Diction　  3.5.1　Semantic Overlap and Classification of Levels of Formality of Words　  3.5.2　Levels of Formality and Diction  3.6　Proper Use of Idioms in Translation　  3.6.1　Similarities and Diversities between Chinese and English Idioms　  3.6.2  Corresponding Idioms　  3.6.3  Partly Corresponding Idioms　  3.6.4  Modifiers Are Rendered into ldioms  3.7  Translation of Proverbs and Two-part Allegorical Sayings　  3.7.1　Proverbs　  3.7.2  Two-part Allegorical Sayings  3.8  Translation of Allusions　  3.8.1　Traditional Allusions　  3.8.2  New Allusions  3.9  Translation of Cuhure-loaded Words　  3.9.1　Similarity and Difference of Cultural Connotations between English and Chinese Culture-loaded words　　3.9.2　Cognitive Schema Theory. Applied to Translation of Culture-loaded WordsChapter Four Translation of Sentences  4.1　Differences and Similarities between English and Chinese in Syntax　……Chapterr Five Translation of Various Types of WritingsAppendix翻譯練習(xí)參考答案Bibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

　　But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.　　When a husband or wife is "stolen" by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The" love bandit！ was only taking what was waiting to be taken.　　We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children" belonging "to their parents. But nobody"belongsto anyone else. Each person belongs to himself, and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents, and if their parents, do not treat them properly, the state has a right to remove them from their parents trusteeship.　　Most of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder—— but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that" cause" the break, but the lack of a real relationship.　　On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a "third party. " This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.　　Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has" come between" oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captives or victims of others——they are free agents, working out their own destinies for good or for ili.　　But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him——and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him a hypnotist or a thief or a home-breaker. In the vast majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any" third party" has appeared on the scene.　　11.　Translate the following passage into English, with enough attention to the proper use of the passive voice in your translation.

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　 其他版本請見：《安徽省高等學(xué)校“十一五”省級規(guī)劃教材：英漢互譯原理（修訂版）》

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