高級微觀經濟理論

前言

　　In every chapter of this new edition, our focus remains on the modem coreof its respective area. We continue to believe that this approach enablesthe careful reader to build a deep understanding of the principal pillars ofmodem microeconomics and to see the connections among them. We aregrateful that so many students and colleagues seem to agree.　　There are exercises at the end of every chapter, and working throughas many of these as possible is the surest way to master the material. Hintsand answers for selected exercises are provided at the end of the book,along with lists of theorems and definitions appearing in the text. We alsoplan to maintain a Readers Forum on the web, where readers can exchangesolutions to exercises in the text. The Readers Forum can be reached athttp ://alfred. vassar.edu.　　In preparing this new edition, we have taken the opportunity to makeone major structural change. As more and more students enter graduateprograms better prepared in mathematics, we believed we could safelymove the pure mathematics to an appendix. There, it will still be availablefor those who want a refresher or for those who need to fill a gap in theirpreparation, but it will not stand in the way of instructors who feel theirstudents are prepared to jump right into microeconomic theory from dayone. The two full chapters of the Mathematical Appendix still providestudents with a lengthy and largely self-contained development of the settheory, real analysis, topology, calculus, and modem optimization theory,which are indispensable in modem microeconomics. The exposition isformal but presumes nothing more than a good grounding in single-variablecalculus and simple linear algebra as a starting point. We suggest that evenstudents who are very well-prepared in mathematics browse both chaptersof the appendix early on. That way, if and when some review or referenceis needed, the reader will have a sense of how that material is organized.

內容概要

　　《高級微觀經濟理論(第2版)(英文版)》用耳目一新和通俗易讀的寫作方法嚴密地闡述了包括消費者理論、生產者理論，以及部分均衡、一般均衡、博弈論和信息等內容的現(xiàn)代微觀經濟理論。《高級微觀經濟理論(第2版)(英文版)》所詳細介紹的內容不僅具有一定的深度，而且還能幫助讀者通過深入了解如何運用微觀經濟原理來掌握這些復雜的理論。具有三大特色：　　新增了“拍賣”這一章節(jié)?！陡呒壩⒂^經濟理論(第2版)(英文版)》從機制設計的視角出發(fā)，向讀者介紹了最新的“拍賣”理論。該理論反映了目前最富有活力的理論研究前沿的動向。通過本章的學習，讀者能夠加深自己對該迅速發(fā)展的領域的理解?！　⌒略隽藬?shù)學附錄。

書籍目錄

前言Ⅰ 經濟代理人1 消費者理論1．1 主要概念1．2 偏好與效用1．2．1 偏好關系1．2．2 效用函數(shù)1．3 消費者問題1．4 間接效用與支出1．4．1 間接效用函數(shù)1．4．2 支出函數(shù)1．4．3 間接效用函數(shù)與支出函數(shù)之間的關系1．5 消費者需求的性質1．5．1 相對價格與實際收入1．5．2 收入效應與替代效應1．5．3 一些彈性關系1．6 習題2 消費者理論專題2．1 對偶性：一個細致的考慮2．1．1 支出與消費者偏好2．1．2 凸性與單調性2．1．3 間接效用與消費者偏好2．2 可積分性2．3 顯示性偏好2．4 不確定性2．4．1 偏好2．4．2 馮·諾伊曼-莫根施特效用2．4．3 風險厭惡2．5 習題3 廠商理論3．1 主要概念3．2 生產3．2．1 規(guī)模報酬與可變比例3．3 成本3．4 生產中的對偶性3．5 競爭性廠商3．5．1 利潤最大化3．5．2 利潤函數(shù)3．6 習題Ⅱ 市場與福利4 局部均衡4．1 完全競爭4．2 不完全競爭4．2．1 古諾寡頭4．2．2 伯川德寡頭4．2．3 壟斷競爭4．3 均衡與福利4．3．1 價格與個人福利4．3．2 競爭結果的效率4．3．3 效率與總剩余最大化4．4 習題5 一般均衡5．1 交換均衡5．2 競爭性市場體系均衡5．2．1 均衡的存在性5．2．2 效率5．3 生產均衡5．3．1 生產者5．3．2 消費者5．3．3 均衡5．3．4 福利5．4 核與均衡性5．4．1 復制的經濟5．5 習題6 社會選擇與福利6．1 問題的性質6．2 社會選擇與阿羅定理6．2．1 一種圖式的證明6．3 可度量性、可比較性與一些可能性6．3．1 羅爾斯形式6．3．2 功利形式6．3．3 可變的形式6．4 公正性6．5 習題Ⅲ 策略性行為7 博奕論8 信息經濟學9 拍賣與機制設計數(shù)學附錄第A1章 集合與映射第A2章 微積分與最優(yōu)化

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Theorem 1.1 is very important. It frees us to represent preferences either in terms ofthe primitive set-theoretic preference relation or in terms of a numerical representation, acontinuous utility function. But this utility representation is never unique. If some func-tion u represents a consumers preferences, then so too will the function v = u + 5, or thefunction v = u3, because each of these functions ranks bundles the same way u does. Thisis an important point about utility functions that must be grasped. If all we require of thepreference relation is that it order the bundles in the consumption set, and if all we requireof a utility function representing those preferences is that it reflect that ordering of bundlesby the ordering of numbers it assigns to them, then any other function that assigns numbersto bundles in the same order as u does will also represent that preference relation and willitself be just as good a utility function as u.　　This is known by several different names in the literature. People sometimes saythe utility function is invariant to positive monotonic transforms or sometimes they saythat the utility function is unique up to a positive monotonic transform. Either way, themeaning is this: If all we require of the preference relation is that rankings between bun-dles be meaningful, then all any utility function representing that relation is capable ofconveying to us is ordinal information: no more and no less. If we know that one func-tion properly conveys the ordering of bundles, then any transform of that function thatpreserves that ordering of bundles will perform all the duties of a utility function justas well.　　Seeing the representation issue in proper perspective thus frees us and restrains us.If we have a function u that represents some consumers preferences, it frees us to trans-form u into other, perhaps more convenient or easily manipulated forms, as long as thetransformation we choose is order-preserving. At the same time, we are restrained by theexplicit warning here that no significance whatsoever can be attached to the actual numbersassigned by a given utility function to particular bundles——only to the ordering of thosenumbers.4 This conclusion, though simple to demonstrate, is nonetheless important enoughto warrant being stated formally. The proof is left as an exercise.

編輯推薦

　　《高級微觀經濟理論(第2版)(英文版)》通過新添系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學附錄，希望那些想了解、復習和獲取數(shù)學基礎知識的讀者能在完全重新組織改寫的這兩章中獲得其所需的內容?！　热萃耆??！陡呒壩⒂^經濟理論(第2版)(英文版)》仔細修訂和完全更新了第一版的每一章節(jié)的內容。

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