美國(guó)語(yǔ)文

內(nèi)容概要

　　本書(shū)從19世紀(jì)中期至20世紀(jì)中葉，一直被廣泛用作美國(guó)學(xué)校的語(yǔ)文教材，據(jù)稱(chēng)有10000多所美國(guó)學(xué)校拿它當(dāng)作教材。到了21世紀(jì)，西方一些私立學(xué)校（Private
School)和家庭學(xué)校（Homeschool）仍用它作為教材，足見(jiàn)這套書(shū)的價(jià)值與影響力。據(jù)估計(jì)，這套書(shū)從問(wèn)世至1960年，至少發(fā)行了1.22億冊(cè)；1961年后，在西方每年銷(xiāo)量仍達(dá)30000冊(cè)以上。應(yīng)該說(shuō)，沒(méi)有哪一套個(gè)人主編的教材能超過(guò)此發(fā)行量了！
　　此套讀本的英文原版共分七級(jí)，包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級(jí)?？紤]到啟蒙讀本與第一級(jí)篇幅都較少，難易程度也很接近，于是我們將之合并為第1冊(cè)，其余2-6級(jí)與英文原版相同。這樣國(guó)內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊(cè)。第1冊(cè)從字母表開(kāi)始，主要側(cè)重于字母的發(fā)音與書(shū)寫(xiě)、簡(jiǎn)單的單詞與句型，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)英文書(shū)寫(xiě)，課文后面附有不少書(shū)法練習(xí)，讓孩子們不僅將英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得像外國(guó)人，而且寫(xiě)得也跟外文書(shū)法一樣，這是國(guó)內(nèi)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)所缺少的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。從第2冊(cè)開(kāi)始，均是比較正式的課文，每一課包括詞匯和課文，對(duì)一些生詞有英文解釋?zhuān)寣W(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單英文理解生詞，養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)理解和思維的習(xí)慣。第5冊(cè)和第6冊(cè)的課文前增加了作者簡(jiǎn)介與相關(guān)背景知識(shí)，內(nèi)容豐富而有一定深度。
　　此套書(shū)為在原版本基礎(chǔ)上重新修訂精裝版，后兩冊(cè)字號(hào)較之前有所放大，并且修正了原有的錯(cuò)誤之處，以方便學(xué)生閱讀。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

　　威廉·H·麥加菲，美國(guó)著名教育家。1800年出生于賓夕法尼亞州，1826年畢業(yè)于華盛頓大學(xué)杰斐遜學(xué)院。在數(shù)十年教育生涯中，他曾擔(dān)任過(guò)邁阿密大學(xué)語(yǔ)言學(xué)教授，俄亥俄大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。自1845年開(kāi)始任弗吉尼亞大學(xué)道德哲學(xué)教授。他還幫助組建了俄亥俄州公立學(xué)校體系。
　　早在19世紀(jì)初期，麥加菲就意識(shí)到，應(yīng)該給那些孤獨(dú)的墾荒者和歐洲移民的后代提供普遍的教育，于是他利用自己作為演講家與教育工作者的天賦，開(kāi)始為孩子們編寫(xiě)系列教材。這套教材共7冊(cè)，從學(xué)齡前至第6年級(jí)。他前后花費(fèi)了20多年的時(shí)間才完成全套教材的編寫(xiě)。這套教材面世后就被美國(guó)很多學(xué)校選為課本。在75年間銷(xiāo)量高達(dá)1.22億，直到今天仍以各種版本流行于西方，被美國(guó)《出版周刊》評(píng)為“人類(lèi)出版史上第三大暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)”，對(duì)美國(guó)青年的心靈塑造與道德培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生了史無(wú)前例的影響。

書(shū)籍目錄

LESSON 1 THE SHEPHERD BOY ◆ 牧 童
LESSON 2 JOHNNY’S FIRST SNOWSTORM ◆ 喬尼初次見(jiàn)雪
LESSON 3 LET IT RAIN ◆ 下雨吧
LESSON 4 CASTLE-BUILDING ◆ 建造城堡
LESSON 5 CASTLE-BUILDING(CONCLUDED)
建造城堡（結(jié)束篇）
LESSON 6 LEND A HAND ◆ 伸出一只手
LESSON 7 THE TRUANT ◆ 逃 學(xué)
LESSON 8 THE WHITE KITTEN ◆ 小白貓
LESSON 9 THE BEAVER ◆ 海 貍
LESSON 10 THE YOUNG TEACHER ◆ 小老師
LESSON 11 THE BLACKSMITH ◆ 鐵 匠
LESSON 12 A WALK IN THE GARDEN ◆ 園中漫步
LESSON 13 THE WOLF ◆ 狼來(lái)了
LESSON 14 THE LITTLE BIRD’S SONG
LESSON 15 HARRY AND ANNIE ◆ 哈利和安妮
LESSON 16 BIRD FRIENDS ◆ 鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的朋友
LESSON 17 WHAT THE MINUTES SAY ◆ 分針之語(yǔ)
LESSON 18 THE WIDOW AND THE MERCHANT ◆ 寡婦和商人
LESSON 19 THE BIRDS SET FREE ◆ 小鳥(niǎo)自由了
LESSON 20 A MOMENT TOO LATE ◆ 為時(shí)已晚
LESSON 21 HUMMING BIRDS ◆ 蜂 鳥(niǎo)
LESSON 22 THE WIND AND THE SUN ◆ 風(fēng)和太陽(yáng)
LESSON 23 SUNSET ◆ 日 落
LESSON 24 BEAUTIFUL HANDS ◆ 美麗的手
LESSON 25 THINGS TO REMEMBER ◆ 應(yīng)牢記之事
LESSON 26 THREE LITTLE MICE ◆ 三只小老鼠
LESSON 27 THE NEW YEAR ◆ 新 年
LESSON 28 THE CLOCK AND THE SUNDIAL ◆ 時(shí)鐘與日晷
LESSON 29 REMEMBER ◆ 記 住
LESSON 30 COURAGE AND COWARDICE ◆ 勇敢與懦弱
LESSON 31 WEIGHING AN ELEPHANT ◆ 稱(chēng) 象
LESSON 32 THE SOLDIER ◆ 戰(zhàn) 士
LESSON 33 THE ECHO ◆ 回 聲
LESSON 34 GEORGE’S FEAST ◆ 喬治的美餐
LESSON 35 THE LORD’S PRAYER ◆ 主禱文
LESSON 36 FINDING THE OWNER ◆ 尋找失主
LESSON 37 BATS ◆ 蝙 蝠
LESSON 38 A SUMMER DAY ◆ 夏 日
LESSON 39 I WILL THINK OF IT ◆ 我要想一想
LESSON 40 CHARLIE AND ROB ◆ 查理和羅伯
LESSON 41 RAY AND HIS KITE ◆ 芮和他的風(fēng)箏
LESSON 42 BEWARE OF THE FIRST DRINK ◆ 謹(jǐn)防第一次飲酒
LESSON 43 SPEAK GENTLY ◆ 請(qǐng)輕聲說(shuō)話
LESSON 44 THE SEVEN STICKS ◆ 七根棍子
LESSON 45 THE MOUNTAIN SISTER ◆ 山妹子
LESSON 46 HARRY AND THE GUIDEPOST ◆ 哈里和路牌
LESSON 47 THE MONEY AMY DID NOT EARN ◆ 艾米沒(méi)有賺到的錢(qián)
LESSON 48 WHO MADE THE STARS ◆ 星星是誰(shuí)造的
LESSON 49 DEEDS OF KINDNESS ◆ 善 舉
LESSON 50 THE ALARM CLOCK ◆ 鬧 鐘
LESSON 51 SPRING ◆ 春
LESSON 52 TRUE COURAGE ◆ 真正的勇氣
LESSON 53 THE OLD CLOCK ◆ 老時(shí)鐘
LESSON 54 THE WAVES ◆ 海 浪
LESSON 55 DON’T KILL THE BIRDS ◆ 不要?dú)⒑B(niǎo)類(lèi)
LESSON 56 WHEN TO SAY NO ◆ 什么時(shí)候說(shuō)不
LESSON 57 WHICH LOVED BEST ◆ 誰(shuí)最?lèi)?ài)
LESSON 58 JOHN CARPENTER ◆ 約翰?卡朋特
LESSON 59 PERSEVERE ◆ 持之以恒
LESSON 60 THE CONTENTED BOY ◆ 知足的男孩
LESSON 61 LITTLE GUSTAVA ◆ 小古斯塔瓦
LESSON 62 THE INSOLENT BOY ◆ 無(wú)禮的男孩
LESSON 63 WE ARE SEVEN ◆ 我們是七個(gè)
LESSON 64 MARY’S DIME ◆ 瑪麗的硬幣
LESSON 65 MARY DOW ◆ 瑪麗 ? 道
LESSON 66 THE LITTLE LOAF ◆ 小塊面包
LESSON 67 SUSIE AND ROVER ◆ 蘇茜與羅孚
LESSON 68 THE VIOLET ◆ 紫羅蘭
LESSON 69 NO CROWN FOR ME ◆ 不要給我花冠
LESSON 70 YOUNG SOLDIERS ◆ 小戰(zhàn)士
LESSON 71 HOW WILLIE GOT OUT OF THE SHAFT 威利是怎樣逃出枯井的
LESSON 72 THE PERT CHICKEN ◆ 無(wú)禮的小公雞
LESSON 73 INDIAN CORN ◆ 印第安玉米
LESSON 74 THE SNOWBIRD’S SONG ◆ 雪鳥(niǎo)之歌
LESSON 75 MOUNTAINS ◆ 高 山
LESSON 76 A CHILD’S HYMN ◆ 兒童贊美詩(shī)
LESSON 77 HOLDING THE FORT ◆ 守住堡壘
LESSON 78 THE LITTLE PEOPLE ◆ 小人兒
LESSON 79 GOOD NIGHT ◆ 晚 安

章節(jié)摘錄

　　LESSON 2  JOHNNY'S FIRST SNOWSTORM　　喬尼初次見(jiàn)雪　　1. Johnny Reed was a little boy who never had seen a snowstorm till he was six years old. Before this， he had lived in a warm country， where the sun shines down on beautiful orange groves， and fields always sweet with flowers.　　2. But now he had come to visit his grandmother， who lived where the snow falls in winter. Johnny was standing at the window when the snow came down.　　3. “O mamma！” he cried， joyfully， “do come quick， and see these little white birds flying down from heaven.”　　4. “They are not birds， Johnny，” said mamma， smiling.　　5. “Then maybe the little angels are losing their feathers！ Oh！ do tell me what it is； is it sugar？ Let me taste it，” said Johnny. But when he tasted it， he gave a little jump-it was so cold.　　6. “That is only snow， Johnny，” said his mother.　　7. “What is snow， mother？”　　8. “The snowflakes， Johnny， are little drops of water that fall from the clouds. But the air through which they pass is so cold it freezes them， and they come down turned into snow.”　　9. As she said this， she brought out an old black hat from the closet. “See， Johnny！ I have caught a snowflake on this hat. Look quick through this glass， and you will see how beautiful it is.”　　10. Johnny looked through the glass. There lay the pure， feathery snowflake like a lovely little star. 11. “Twinkle， twinkle， little star！” he cried in delight. “Oh！ please show me more snow-fl akes， mother.”　　12. So his mother caught several more， and they were all beautiful.　　13. The next day Johnny had a fi ne play in the snow， and when he came in， he said， “I love snow； and I think snowballs are a great deal prettier than oranges.”　　【中文閱讀】　　1. 喬尼 · 瑞德是個(gè)小男孩，直到六歲，他才看到暴風(fēng)雪。此前，他一直生活在地球的暖熱帶地區(qū)。在那里，陽(yáng)光撒滿大片美麗的橘樹(shù)林，田野里到處都 是芬芳撲鼻的鮮花?！　?. 但是，現(xiàn)在他要去看望奶奶，那里的冬天常會(huì)下雪。每當(dāng)雪花紛飛的時(shí)候，喬尼就會(huì)站在窗前定睛觀望?！　?. 他高興地大喊：“媽媽?zhuān)爝^(guò)來(lái)，瞧，這些白色的小鳥(niǎo)從天堂飛下來(lái)了。”　　4. 媽媽笑著對(duì)他說(shuō)：“喬尼，那不是小鳥(niǎo)。”　　5.“ 那么，可能是小天使掉落的羽毛吧！哦，快告訴我，那是什么，是糖嗎？我想嘗一下。”喬尼說(shuō)。但是，就在品嘗雪花時(shí)，他不禁驚跳起來(lái)--太涼了?！　?. 媽媽說(shuō)：“那不過(guò)是雪而已，喬尼。”　　7.“ 媽媽?zhuān)┦鞘裁矗?rdquo;　　8.“ 喬尼，雪就是從云彩上掉落的小水滴。但是，水滴從天上掉下來(lái)時(shí)，寒冷的空氣將它們凝結(jié)住了，所以變成了從天而降的雪花。”　　9. 她一邊說(shuō)著，一邊從壁櫥里取出一頂黑色的舊帽子。“看，喬尼！我用帽子接住了一片雪花。透過(guò)這塊玻璃，你就知道雪花有多么美了。”　　10. 喬尼透過(guò)玻璃看著雪花，那片純凈輕柔的雪花就像一顆可愛(ài)的小星星?！　?1.“ 哇，小星星還一閃一閃的呢！媽媽?zhuān)僮屛叶嗫袋c(diǎn)雪花吧！”喬尼歡 呼起來(lái)?！　?2. 于是，媽媽又抓住了一些雪花，都是那么漂亮！　　13. 第二天，喬尼在雪地里開(kāi)心地玩耍，從外面回家后，他說(shuō)：“我太喜歡雪了，雪球可比橘子好玩多了。”　　LESSON 3  LET IT RAIN　　下雨吧　　1. Rose. See how it rains！ Oh dear， dear， dear！ how dull it is！ Must I stay in doors all day？　　2. Father. Why， Rose， are you sorry that you had any bread and butter for breakfast， this morning？ 3. Rose. Why， father， what a question！ I should be sorry， indeed， if I could not get any.　　4. Father. Are you sorry， my daughter， when you see the fl owers and the trees growing in the garden？　　5. Rose. Sorry？ No， indeed. Just now， I wished very much to go out and see them，-they look so pretty.　　6. Father. Well， are you sorry when you see the horses， cows， or sheep drinking at the brook to quench their thirst？　　7. Rose. Why， father， you must think I am a cruel girl， to wish that the poor horses that work so hard， the beautiful cows that give so much nice milk， and the pretty lambs should always be thirsty.　　8. Father. Do you not think they would die， if they had no water to drink？　　9. Rose. Yes， sir， I am sure they would. How shocking to think of such a thing！　　10. Father. I thought little Rose was sorry it rained. Do you think the trees and flowers would grow， if they never had any water on them？　　11. Rose. No， indeed， father， they would be dried up by the sun. Then we should not have any pretty flowers to look at， and to make wreaths of for mother.　　12. Father. I thought you were sorry it rained. Rose， what is our bread made of？　　13. Rose. It is made of fl our， and the fl our is made from wheat， which is ground in the mill.　　14. Father. Yes， Rose， and it was rain that helped to make the wheat grow， and it was water that turned the mill to grind the wheat. I thought little Rose was sorry it rained.　　15. Rose. I did not think of all these things， father. I am truly very glad to see the rain falling.　　【中文閱讀】　　1. 羅斯：瞧，又下雨了！唉，天哪，天哪，天哪！多么無(wú)聊呀！難道我一整天都要待在家里？　　2. 爸爸：羅斯，今天的早餐多么豐盛呀，有面包和奶油。你為什么不高興呢？　　3. 羅斯：為什么，爸爸，您怎么這樣問(wèn)呀！如果我沒(méi)事可干，的確不高興呀?！　?. 爸爸：親愛(ài)的女兒，當(dāng)你看到花園里盛開(kāi)的鮮花和茂密的樹(shù)木時(shí)，也會(huì)不高興嗎？　　5. 羅斯：不高興？應(yīng)該不會(huì)吧。剛才，我只是希望能出去看看它們--它們實(shí)在太美了?！　?. 爸爸：好吧，當(dāng)你看到小牛、小羊、小馬在溪邊飲水解渴時(shí)，也會(huì)不高興嗎？　　7. 羅斯：為什么，爸爸，您一定認(rèn)為我是一個(gè)冷酷無(wú)情的小女孩，總希望那些可憐的小馬不知疲憊地工作，希望那些漂亮的小牛只會(huì)產(chǎn)奶，希望那些可 愛(ài)的小羊總會(huì)口渴。　　8. 爸爸：它們?nèi)魶](méi)有水喝就會(huì)死掉，難道你不這樣認(rèn)為嗎？　　9. 羅斯：是的，現(xiàn)在，我也是這么想的。一想到這些事，多么可怕呀！　　10. 爸爸：我以為小羅斯因?yàn)橄掠甓桓吲d了。如果沒(méi)有水滴落到它們身上，樹(shù)木花草還會(huì)長(zhǎng)大嗎？這些你想過(guò)沒(méi)有？　　11. 羅斯：它們不會(huì)長(zhǎng)大了，爸爸。它們會(huì)被太陽(yáng)烤干的。那么，我們也就看不到美麗的鮮花，不能給媽媽編織花環(huán)了。　　12. 爸爸：我以為你會(huì)因?yàn)橄掠甓鴤哪?。羅斯，我們吃的面包是由什么做成的？　　13. 羅斯：是由面粉做的，面粉是由麥子通過(guò)磨而制成的?！　?4. 爸爸：是的，羅斯，正是雨水促使小麥成熟，也正是水使磨盤(pán)碾碎了麥子。我還以為小羅斯不喜歡下雨呢?！　?5. 羅斯：爸爸，我沒(méi)有想過(guò)這么多事情。我真的很高興看到下雨了?！　ESSON 4 CASTLE-BUILDING　　建造城堡　　1. “O pussy！” cried Herbert， in a voice of anger and dismay， as the blockhouse he was building fell in sudden ruin. The playful cat had rubbed against his mimic castle， and tower and wall went rattling down upon the floor.　　2. Herbert took up one of the blocks and threw it fiercely at pussy. Happily， it passed over her and did no harm. His hand was reaching for another block， when his little sister Hetty sprang toward the cat， and caught her up.　　3. “No， no， no！” said she， “you sha'n't hurt pussy！ She didn't mean to do it！”　　4. Herbert's passion was over quickly， and， sitting down upon the floor， he covered his face with his hands， and began to cry.　　5. “What a baby！” said Joe， his elder brother， who was reading on the sofa. “Crying over spilled milk does no good. Build it up again.”　　6. “No， I won't，” said Herbert， and he went on crying.　　7. “What's all the trouble here？” exclaimed papa， as he opened the door and came in.　　8. “Pussy just rubbed against Herbert's castle， and it fell down，” answered Hetty. “But she didn't mean to do it； she didn't know it would fall， did she， papa？”　　9. “Why， no！ And is that all the trouble？”　　10. “Herbert！” his papa called， and held out his hands. “Come.” The little boy got up from the fl oor， and came slowly， his eyes full of tears， and stood by his father.　　11. “There is a better way than this， my boy，” said papa. “If you had taken that way， your heart would have been light already. I should have heard you singing over your blocks instead of crying. Shall I show you that way？”　　12. Herbert nodded his head， and papa sat down on the floor by the pile of blocks， with his little son by his side， and began to lay the foundation for a new castle.　　……

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　　這套書(shū)不僅影響了美國(guó)的教育事業(yè)，也影響了美國(guó)的倫理道德。誠(chéng)如歷史學(xué)家孔瑪格所言：“它們?yōu)槊绹?guó)兒童提供了當(dāng)今明顯缺乏的東西，即普遍的引喻知識(shí)、普遍的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和自制意識(shí)。”　　―― 選自《大美百科全書(shū)》

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　　現(xiàn)有《美國(guó)語(yǔ)文讀本》配套MP3朗讀文件免費(fèi)下載?！　≡斍檎?qǐng)見(jiàn)美國(guó)語(yǔ)文博客  http://blog.sina.com.cn/homeschoolnow　　影響美國(guó)學(xué)生近一個(gè)世紀(jì)的教科書(shū)，一套塑造美國(guó)精神與文明的語(yǔ)文讀本！這套由美國(guó)著名教育家、俄亥俄大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)威廉·H·麥加菲花費(fèi)20多年時(shí)間傾心主編，至1920年累計(jì)銷(xiāo)量便高達(dá)1.22億冊(cè)，是美國(guó)最暢銷(xiāo)的語(yǔ)文課本，被《時(shí)代周刊》評(píng)為“人類(lèi)出版史上第三大暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)”。

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