禁苑黃昏

出版時間:2001-11  出版社:百家出版社  作者:[美] 凱瑟琳·卡爾  頁數:244  字數:166000  譯者:晏方  
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內容概要

美國女畫家凱瑟琳·卡爾(1858——1938)20世紀初曾創(chuàng)了兩項空前絕后的世界性紀錄:她是惟一在中國官廷之內一連呆了很長時間的外國人,又是惟一替尚健在的中國后妃畫過肖像的人。    她1903年來華,是當時中國海關稅務司柯爾樂(Francis Augusta Carl)的姐姐,1903年經美國公使夫人蘇珊·康格(Susan Conger)的推薦倒頤和園為西太后畫像。原定畫兩次的,結果一發(fā)而不可收,一直畫了9個月。這期間她大多數時間都在宮里。9個月的宮廷生活不僅使卡爾完成了四幅西太后的肖像,更重要的是為她兩年之后出版的此書提供了豐富的素材。    卡爾的這部書與其他同類作品比較起來,有其鮮明的特色。一是對主要人物西太后、光緒皇帝和皇后,以及種種小事的記載之詳,而且完全是親眼目睹;二是作者由于職業(yè)的訓練,觀察非常細致,又善于捕捉人物的內心世界,所以她筆下的這幾個主要人物都給人以形神畢肖的感覺;三是由于作者是應邀到宮里去作畫的外國人,并非清朝臣民,所以無須過于拘束甚至戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢,而正是這種輕松的氛圍和賓主交流的平等導致了使此書內容得以生動的種種小事件、小沖突。    “柯姑娘”——當時宮廷內外對卡爾的一致稱呼——一個美國人給西太后畫像,這在當時聽起來似乎是異想天開的一件事,所以得以實現,不能不歸功于康格夫人。    康格夫人是位富有正義感的女權主義者,她的正義感使她對當時外國人在中國為所欲為的傲慢行為順理成章地產生了強烈的反感,而西太后作為一位掌握全中國生殺大權的女性,其在社會上產生的作用之大顯然是女權運動所歆羨的,由此也就成了她的崇拜對象。    庚子年義和團圍攻北京外國公使館,得到西太后的全力支持,甚至還派軍隊去助戰(zhàn),所以此后她在外國人的心目中形象大壞,西方有許多人都將她恨之入骨,而一些漫畫更是將她的面目肆意歪曲??蹈穹蛉藶榱烁淖冞@一局面,想出了為西太后畫像、然后送往圣路易斯博覽會展出的主意。關于這個,她在給女兒的信中是這么說的:“好幾個月以來,我對報上那些有關皇太后陛下的可怕的、不公平的漫畫一直很氣憤,同時越來越希望能讓全世界看到她較為真實的形象。我想到了請求皇太后陛下準許與她討論關于為她畫肖像的事?!?   她起初向西太后推薦這一計劃時,西太后也并不怎么領情,但后來在她的多方努力之下也就勉強同意了。所謂勉強,就是限定只準畫兩次,而對于一幅這么大尺寸的肖像畫,兩次當然遠遠不夠。幸好親自看畫家畫了一回之后,西太后來了興趣,結果兩次變成了9個月。這樣不但畫像的任務得以順利完成,也使卡爾有了寫成這本書的可能。    此書對西太后的評價并不客觀,有過于吹捧之嫌,卡爾對西太后的個人崇拜顯然是其中的一大原因。不過能對西太后作較全面的描述的文獻不多,而且大多并非信史,真正能像卡爾這樣,通過直接接觸而來的,可說是鳳毛麟角,所以就顯得可貴了。再說無論如何,卡爾是外國人,吹捧也罷,個人崇拜也罷,都超不出小巫的范圍。    翻譯方面,本用不著說什么,但因作者所處的時代關系,書中有幾個名詞如今看來用得并不適宜,如“拳民”(Boxer)和“滿州”(Manchuria)等。為尊重原文件,硬改譯為“義和團”和“東三省”顯然不妥,故一仍其舊,特向讀者作一說明。                                                           譯者                                                        2001年6月1日

書籍目錄

第一章:入宮覲見與我在中國宮廷的第一天第二章:皇太后陛下的外貌第三章:攝政王(七王爺醇親王)府第四章:皇太后陛下的御座房第五章:皇后和宮廷女官第六章:繼續(xù)畫像——太后的寵犬第七章:宮中的喜慶第八章:光緒皇帝陛下第九章:皇上的誕辰第十章:北京——三海第十一章:太后的一些特點——二進三海第十二章:回到頤和園第十三章:汽艇——半年一度的祭孔第十四章:宮中的太監(jiān)第十五章:皇太后的文學趣味與才能第十六章:朝會大殿——一些朝廷慣例第十七章:頤和園內第十八章:中秋節(jié)——繪制太后的肖像第十九章:頤和園中的一次露天招待會第二十章:我開始為太后繪制第二幅肖像——宮內畫師第二十一章:來到宮中的歐洲馬戲團第二十二章:宮中習慣第二十三章:皇太后陛下的煩心事——他的圣誕第二十四章:紫禁城內廷第二十五章:北京——開始繪制將在圣路易斯博覽會展出的肖像第二十六章:滿人與漢人的一些社會風俗習慣第二十七章:中國人的送禮第二十八章:冬天在宮中的一些日子第二十九章:中國的宗教儀式第三十章:慈禧皇太后陛下第三十一章:慈禧皇太后的善舉、正義感、奢侈,以及個性第三十二章:元旦——正式覲見第三十三章:繼續(xù)繪制將在圣路易斯博覽會展出的肖像——三海的春日第三十四章:肖像的完成與送出第三十五章:回到頤和園

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用戶評論 (總計2條)

 
 

  •     On the 29th of July, 1903, Miss Carl, who was invited by Mrs. Conger, left Shanghai for Peking. She would have the first sitting with the Empress Dowager at the Summer Palace to paint the portrait of her. This portrait would exhibit in the Exposition at St. Louis, 1904, to display “a true likeness of” Empress Dowager (pp.xix). Finally, Miss Carl had been staying in Peking with Empress Dowager for around a year. After she finished her task in Peking, she wrote the book titled With the Empress Dowager which was published in the year of 1905. In this book, Miss Carl carefully described her experiences in Peking, which was unknown for the West.
      
      There are, at least, two things in this book that interest me. On the one hand, Miss Carl in her book provided an image of Empress Dowager which was contrary to that of the West. In her eyes, Empress Dowager was a charming lady who not only had great knowledge of literacy, but also possessed the tenderness as a woman. Miss Carl talked about her loving of nature, of flowers, and of dogs. She especially emphasized the charming and attractive characteristics of Empress Dowager.
      
      On the other hand, Miss Carl gave readers a sharp and accurate observation of the life in the Qing court. She depicted several festivals in Peiking, such as the Birthday of Empress Dowager, the Middle Autumn Festivals, the Chinese new year, and the ritual to Confucius. She also described different kinds of people in Qing court, such as the eunuch, the Qing official, the emperor, the court artists, and other princess and ladies in the court. Moreover, She carefully depicted some Chinese architectures and the scenes of Chinese garden or palace. She also talked about the culture of Manchus, such as the life of Manchuria female, their clothes, and their customs. In this sense, Miss Carl was not an artist but an anthropologist.
      
      Some of these depictions are neural and objective, but some are different. Sometimes, when Miss Carl talked about Chinese culture in an amazing tone. For example, when she talked about how Chinese people played with their birds, she said, “The Chinese are so near to nature, so simple in every way, that their influence over animals and birds is extraordinary, and seems to us almost magical”(pp.138). This amazing tone shows her Orientalist perspective and stereotypes to Chinese people and culture. However, it is the Orientalism that interests me a lot. Miss Carl, on the one hand, has stereotypes to China, on the other, she loves Chinese culture from heart. She, on the one hand, seems know a lot about the life of Qing court and the customs of China, on the other, her knowledge is general and limited because of her experiences.
      
      These paradoxes are the most interest part of this book. Moreover, I love her language as well. From her writing, I think Miss Carl must be a cute lady both in appearance and personality. This photo of her in Manchuria clothes provides a good example.
  •      慈禧不是武則天,雖然她坐在和武則天一樣的位子上——一代女皇,武則天所處的時代是除我華夏外無強國,慈禧處在一個風雨飄搖的朝代,歷史背景的不同,造就了不同的結局,武則天是如此的幸運都不能完全沒后人所接受,可想慈禧的境遇又會好到哪里去呢。
       但凡能做到皇位上的人都有著過人之處,這是可以肯定的,只是歷史和傳統(tǒng)選擇了去抹黑一個偉大的女人,來應和這個男權的社會。
       我還是很欣賞慈禧的,縱然她有再多的局限性,在那個時代已經算是得體了,她的美是隱藏的。
       中國這個大大的儒國,淹沒了多少是非,人們是懂的。
       慈禧是哪個時代的國母,母儀天下,從各種條件來說都是不為過的。如果是活在當下,也不是一般之流所能攀附的。
       慈禧在我心中是美麗的
       歷史又是真的就公正嗎?
       圣人不仁以,蒼生為芻狗
 

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