希臘羅馬神話

前言

　　hile familiarity with classical mythology is generally recognized as essential to the understanding of literature and art and to the preservation of a great and valuable part of our artistic and spiritual heritage, the method of assuring such a familiarity to the rising generation differs in different schools. In many the stories of the gods and heroes are read in the lower grades from one or another of the children's books based on the myths, and any further knowledge of the subject depends upon the study of Vergil and other Latin or Greek writers and on the use of reference books in connection with reading in English literature. In many schools, however, experience has proved that as even the most elementary knowledge of mythology gained in childhood cannot be presupposed, and as the knowledge gained from the occasional use of reference books is unsubstantial and unsatisfactory, a systematic course in mythology for students of high school age is necessary. It might seem that to such students this subject would be so simple as to present no difficulties, but the fact is that to those who come to its study, as surprisingly many do, with such entire unfamiliarity that the name of Apollo or Venus conveys othing to them, the mass of new and strange names and the divergence of the conceptions from those to which they are accustomed make the study not a little difficult. After many years' experience with such students the writer has been led to believe that there is need for a text book in a style to appeal to those who have outgrown children's books, but of content so limited and treatment so simple as to make it possible for the average boy or girl to assimilate it in a course of about thirty lessons. To secure brevity and simplicity only the most famous and interesting of the stories have been incorporated in this book; certain others are briefly mentioned in the index.

內(nèi)容概要

本書講述了古希臘和羅馬諸神和英雄們的身世來源、傳奇經(jīng)歷。日、月、水、火等自然現(xiàn)象以及愛情、戰(zhàn)爭、死亡等人類最原始的活動(dòng)形式都在神話中得到了具體體現(xiàn)和詮釋。這些神話反映了人類原始時(shí)期的社會(huì)秩序，體現(xiàn)了人類的情感、信仰、愿望和幻想，是西方文明的光輝起點(diǎn)，盔西方文化中占有極其重要的地位。

書籍目錄

IntroductionPART Ⅰ THE GODS　Chapter　?、瘛he World of the Myths　?、颉he Gods of Olympus- Zeus　　Ⅲ　Hera, Athena, Hephaestus　　?、? Hera (Juno)　　?、? Athena (Minerva)　　?、? Hephaestus (Vulcan)      Ⅳ. Apollo and Artemis　　?、? Apollo　　?、? Artemis (Diana)      Ⅲ. Hermes and Hestia　　?、? Hermes (Mercury)　　?、? Hestia (Vesta)  　?、? Ares and Aphrodite　　?、? Ares (mars)　　?、? Aphrodite (Venus)　　Ⅴ  The Lesser Deities of Olympus      Ⅰ. Eros (Cupid)      Ⅱ. Other Deities of Olympus　?、觥he Gods of the Sea　　Ⅶ　The Gods of the Earth　?、? The World of the DeadPART Ⅱ　THE HEROES?、? Stories of Argos?、? Heracles (Hercules)　Ⅺ  Stories of Crete, Sparta, Corinth, and Aetolia　?、? Stories of Crete　?、? Stories of Sparta　?、? Stories of Corinth　?、? The Calydonian Boar Hunt?、簟tories of Attica?、? Stories of Thebes?、觥he Argonautic Expedition　ⅩⅦ　The Trojan War?、he Wanderings of Odysseus　ⅩⅨ　The Tragedy of Agamemnon?、? The Legendary Origin of RomeAppendix AAppendix B

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Chapter II　　The Gods of Olympus: Zeus　　Mt. Olympus　　hile the gods of the Greek religion were personifications ofnatural powers, yet they were conceived after the fashion of human beings, both in bodily form and in their needs and passions. They were born, grew, married, and suffered, though death never came to them. These beings, like men, only greater and more beautiful, must have cities and homes like those of men, only greater and more beautiful. So the Greeks of the mainland looked up to the cloud- capped peak of Mt. Olympus, majestic, mysterious, eternally enduring, and saw there, under the arch of heaven, the golden halls of the divine city.　　There, as they say, is the seat of the gods that standeth fast forever. Not bywinds is it shaken, nor ever wet with rain, nor doth the snow come nigh thereto, but most clear air is spread about it cloudless, and the white light floats over it. Therein the blessed gods are glad for all their days. ( Odyssey, VI. 42 ft.) It was a true celestial city, conceived after the model of the Greek city- states. At the gates of cloud the Hours stood as guardians, within the walls rose the palaces of the gods, and on the topmost peak, the acropolis, was the great hall where the members of the Olympic Council gathered for deliberation or for feasting. Ambrosia was the food served at these banquets, and nectar, poured into the cups by Hebe, the goddess of youth, nourished the ichor flowing in the gods' veins instead of blood. The nostrils of the feasters were filled with the rich odor of sacrifices offered on earth, and their ears charmed by the songs the Muses sang to the accompaniment of Apollo's lyre.

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