財務會計
出版時間：2003-9 出版社：中信出版社 作者：韋安特
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內(nèi)容概要
這套英文教科書，內(nèi)容全面，架構(gòu)完備，既包括基本的會計學原理、財務會計和管理會計，也包括高層次的專題會計、財務報告和報表分析。其中，《會計學原理》、《財務會計》、《管理會計》和《中級會計》的作者均是美國久負盛名的會計學教授，無論杰里·J·韋安特博士、唐納德·E·基索博士，還是保羅·D·金梅爾博士、特里·D·沃菲爾德博士，在美國會計學界都具有重大影響和權(quán)威性。
書籍目錄
TO THE INSTRUCTOR 1 Accounting in Action 2 The Recording Process 3 Adjusting the Accounts 4 Completion of the Accounting Cycle 5 Accounting for Merchandising Operations 6 Inventories 7 Accounting Principles 8 Internal Control and Cash 9 Accounting for Receivables 10 Plant Assets, Natural Resources, and Intangible Assets 11 Liabilities 12 Corporations: Organization, Stock Transactions, Dividends, and Retained Earnings 13 Investments 14 The Statement of Cash Flows 15 Financial Statement AnalysisAPPENDIXES A Specimen Financial Statements: Lands'End, Inc. B Specimen Financial Statements: Abercrombie & Fitch C Time Value of Money D Payroll Accounting E Subsidiary Ledgers and Special Journals F Other Significant Liabilities
章節(jié)摘錄
書摘 LIMITATIONS OF A TRIAL BALANCE A trial balance does not guarantee freedom from recording errors, however. It does not prove that all transactions have bern recorded or that the ledger is correct. Nu-merous errors may exist even though the trial balance columns agree. For exam- ple, the trial balance may balance even when (1) a transaction is not journalized, (2) a correct journal entry is not posted, (3) a journal entry is posted twice, (4) incorrect accounts are used in journalizing or posting, or (5) offsetting errors are made in recording the amount of a transaction. In other words, as long as equal debits and credits are posted, even to the wrong account or in the wrong amount, the total debits will equal the total credits. LOCATING ERRORS The procedure for preparing a trial balance is relatively simple. However, if the trial balance does not balance, locating an error in a manual system can be time-consuming, tedious, and frustrating. Errors generally result from mathematical mistakes, incorrect postings, or simply transcribing data incorrectly. What do you do if you are faced with a trial balance that does not balance?First determine the amount of the difference between the two columns of the trialbalance. After this amount is known, the following steps are often helpful: 1. If the error is $1, $10, $100, or $1,000, re-add the trial balance columns and recompute the account balances. 2. If the error is divisible by 2, scan the trial balance to see whether a balance equal to half the error has been entered in the wrong column. 3. If the error is divisible by 9. retrace the account balances on the trial balance to see whether they are incorrectly copied from the ledger. For example, if a balance was $12 and it was listed as $21, a $9 error has been made. Reversing the order of numbers is called a transposition error. 4. If the error is not divisible by 2 or 9 (for example, $365), scan the ledger to see whether an account balance of $365 has been omitted from the trial balance, and scan the journal to see whether a $365 posting has been omitted. USE OF DOLLAR SIGNS Note that dollar signs do not appear in the journals or ledgers. Dollar signs are usually used only in the trial balance and the financial statements. Generally, a dollar sign is shown only for the first item in the column and for the total of that column. A single line is placed under the column of figures to be added or sub-tracted; the total amount is double underlined to indicate the final sum. WORKING CAPITAL. The excess of current assets over current liabilities iscalled working capital. For Genlyte Inc., working capital is $86,000, as shownbelow. Current Assets - Current Liabilities = Working Capital $156,000 - $70,000 = $86,000 The amount of working capital provides some indication of the company's abil-ity to meet its existing current obligations. A large amount of working capitalgenerally means a company can meet its current liabilities as they fall due and, if desired, pay dividends. Although no set standards exist for the level of working capital a company should maintain, the general adequacy of a company's work-ing capital is often determined by comparing data from prior periods and fromsimilar companies of comparable size. Genlyte's working capital appears adequate. Profitability Profitability ratios measure the income or operating success of an enterprise for a given period of time. Income, or the lack of it, affects the company's ability to obtain debt or equity financing and the company's ability to grow. PROFIT MARGIN PERCENTAGE. One important ratio used to measure prof-itability is the profit margin percentage (or rate of return on sales). It measures the percentage of each dollar of sales that results in net income. It is calculatedby dividing net income by net sales for the period. Genlyte Inc.'s profit marginpercentage is 3.3 percent, computed as follows. Net Income + Net Sales= Profit Margin Percentage $14,000 + $430,000 = 3.3% This ratio seems low. Much, however, depends on the type of industry. High-volume retailers, such as grocery stores (Safeway or Kroger) or discount stores(WaI-Mart or Kmart), generally have a low profit margin. They make a small profiton each sale but have many sales. To appeal to more potential investors, a corporation may issue an additional class of stock, called preferred stock. Preferred stock has contractual provisions that give it a preference or priority over common stock in certain areas. Typically, pre-ferred stockholders have a priority as to (1) distributions of earnings (dividends) and (2) assets in the event of liquidation. However, they generally do not have voting rights. Like common stock, preferred stock may be issued for cash or for noncash as- sets. The entries for these transactions are similar to the entries for common stock. When a corporation has more than one class of stock, each paid-in capital account title should identify the stock to which it relates. For example, a company might have the following accounts: Preferred Stock, Common Stock, Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value--Preferred Stock, and Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value—Common Stock. Assume that Stine Corporation issues 10,000 shares of $10 par value preferred stock for $12 cash per share. The entry to record the issuance is: Cash 120，000 Preferred Stock 100，000 Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value-Preferred Stock 20，000 (To record the issuance of 10,000 shares of $10 par value preferred stock) Preferred stock may have either a par value or no-par value. In the stock- holders' equity section of the balance sheet, preferred stock is shown first because of its dividend and liquidation preferences over common stock. Various features associated with the issuance of preferred stock, including div-idend preferences, liquidation preferences, convertibility, and callability, are dis-cussed on the following pages. DIVIDEND PREFERENCES As noted earlier, preferred stockholders have the right to share in the distribution of corporate income before common stockholders. For example, d the dividend rate on preferred stock is $5 per share, common shareholders will not receive any dividends in the current year until preferred stockholders have received $5 per share. The first claim to dividends does not, however, guarantee the payment of dividends. Dividends depend on many factors, such as adequate retained earnings and availability of cash. The per share dividend amount is stated as a percentage of the preferred stock's par value or as a specified amount. For example, Crane Company speci- fies a 33/4 percent dividend on its $100 par value preferred ($100 × 33/4% = $3.75 per share). DuPont has both a $4.50 and a $3.50 series of no-par preferred stock. Cumulative Dividend Preferred stock often contains a cumulative dividend feature. This means that pre-ferred stockholders must be paid both current-year dividends and any unpaidprior-year dividends before common stockholders receive dividends. When pre,ferred stock is cumulative, preferred dividends not declared in a given period are called dividends in arrears. To illustrate, assume that Scientific-Leasing has 5,000 shares of 7 percent, $100 par value, cumulative preferred stock outstanding. The annual dividend is $35,000 (5,000 × $7 per share), but dividends are two years in arrears. In this case pre-ferred stockholders are entitled to receive the following dividends in the current year. Dividends in arrears ($35,000 × 2) $ 70,000 Current-year dividends 35,000 Total preferred dfvideuda $105,000 No distribution can be made to common stockholders until this entire preferreddividend is paid. In other words, dividends cannot be paid to common stockhold-ers while any preferred stock is in arrears. ……
媒體關(guān)注與評論
序隨著世界經(jīng)濟一體化進程的加快，會計信息作為國際通用商業(yè)語言的功能越來越強化。在中國加入WTO之后，中國經(jīng)濟正以更快的速度融入世界經(jīng)濟大潮之中。與此相適應，中國的會計標準必將進一步向國際標準靠攏。舉世公認，由于多方面的原因，在會計標準國際化的過程中，美國的公認會計準則(GAAP)是最具影響力的。因此，更多地了解美國的GAAP，對于推動我國會計改革的進一步深化、加速中國會計標準的國際化，具有很重要的意義。在此背景下，中信出版社引進美國著名出版社出版的有重大影響的英文原版會計教科書，是一件很有意義的事情。 這套英文教科書，內(nèi)容全面，架構(gòu)完備，既包括基本的會計學原理、財務會計和管理會計，也包括高層次的專題會計、財務報告和報表分析。其中，《會計學原理》、《財務會計》、《管理會計》和《中級會計》的作者均是美國久負盛名的會計學教授，無論杰里·J·韋安特博士、唐納德·E·基索博士，還是保羅·D·金梅爾博士、特里·D·沃菲爾德博士，在美國會計學界都具有重大影響和權(quán)威性。他們都是美國會計協(xié)會、美國注冊會計師協(xié)會的成員，并曾服務于財務會計準則委員會(FASB)的重要部門，對于GAAP的修訂及改革發(fā)展具有相當?shù)挠绊?。這些書是他們總結(jié)多年教學經(jīng)驗和專業(yè)研究經(jīng)驗精心編寫而成，一經(jīng)出版便備受矚目和歡迎，并且已經(jīng)成為美國高校會計教學中的必選書籍。尤其是《中級會計》一書，自1965年首次出版，至今已出版到第10版，每個版本都受到熱烈歡迎，目前的第10版不僅增加了光盤，更增加了網(wǎng)上相關(guān)輔導和練習，使其成為更加完善的教學用書。 另外，《高級會計》、《會計信息系統(tǒng)》、《國際會計與跨國企業(yè)》和《財務會計理論與分析》等書的作者也是頗具盛名的專家權(quán)威，這些作者既有多年教學經(jīng)驗，又有長期實際從業(yè)經(jīng)驗，其編寫的書籍既適合普通高校會計專業(yè)本科生學習，也適用于廣大實際工作者，其中《財務會計》一書特別適合非會計專業(yè)的讀者了解美國會計。 我衷心祝愿這套英文教科書的出版，能給廣大讀者帶來便利。 戴德明 于中國人民大學宜園
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