法律英語

前言

　　公平正義乃人類恒久追求的理想目標(biāo)。公平正義的實現(xiàn)，有賴法治國家的真正建立。欲達此目的，除了經(jīng)濟繁榮、政治昌明、法制健全之外，人們對法律的普遍尊崇和切實信仰，才是法治國家建立的社會基礎(chǔ)和根本保障。因為，法律作為社會關(guān)系的調(diào)節(jié)機制，人類交往的行為準(zhǔn)則，定分止?fàn)幍牟门幸?guī)范，糾紛處理的程序保障，只有被社會普遍認可和尊崇信仰，才會具有真正的意義。所以，公平正義的實現(xiàn)、法治國家的建立，除了加強法學(xué)研究，構(gòu)建科學(xué)完備的法律體系之外，法律人才的培養(yǎng)和法學(xué)教育的普及，具有更為重要的意義。　　自古以來，法學(xué)作為公平正義之學(xué)、治國安邦之術(shù)，一直被貴族階層所壟斷。即使到了中世紀(jì)，法學(xué)研究和法學(xué)教育也始終未曾得以真正普及。雖然，大學(xué)建制化的法學(xué)教育始于歐洲大陸11世紀(jì)末的波倫亞大學(xué)，但真正近代意義上的法學(xué)教育，實際產(chǎn)生于民族國家的建立，尤其是法典編纂和學(xué)科分化確立之后。盡管，我國清末也建立了所謂的法律講堂，但其非現(xiàn)代意義上的法學(xué)教育。應(yīng)當(dāng)說，隨著“西學(xué)東漸”和現(xiàn)代大學(xué)教育制度的引入，20世紀(jì)初的中國才有了真正意義上的現(xiàn)代法學(xué)教育?！　⌒轮袊姆▽W(xué)教育，除了20世紀(jì)50年代初短暫的存續(xù)、引進和改造之外，其實真正興起于十一屆三中全會以后。伴隨著改革開放30年波瀾壯闊的歷史巨變，我國的法治建設(shè)業(yè)已取得了令人矚目的可喜進步。歷經(jīng)幾代法律學(xué)入的不懈努力，我國的法學(xué)研究和法學(xué)教育事業(yè)亦呈現(xiàn)出蓬勃發(fā)展的良好勢頭。法學(xué)教育機構(gòu)由原來的幾所、十幾所，現(xiàn)已發(fā)展到600多所。法學(xué)教育的層次由最初的本科教育，現(xiàn)已發(fā)展為本科、碩士、博士等層次齊全的法律教育體系。隨著法學(xué)教育規(guī)模的不斷擴大，法學(xué)教育質(zhì)量也在持續(xù)穩(wěn)步提高。改革開放后培養(yǎng)的新一代法律、法學(xué)人才，正在逐步成為現(xiàn)代法治建設(shè)的生力軍。法學(xué)教育在法治建設(shè)中的重要作用日益顯現(xiàn)，并逐步被社會認可。

內(nèi)容概要

本教材的目的是將英美法，尤其是美國法的核心內(nèi)容全面介紹給國內(nèi)學(xué)界，主要用于滿足涉外法律教學(xué)的迫切需要。全書分為三個部分。第一部分介紹法律英語的典型特點，圍繞三個方面展開，即法律英語的詞匯特點、法律英語句法特點以及特定法律英語句式的翻譯。第二部分以美國法為主，輔以英國法的相關(guān)介紹，分11個單元全面介紹了英美國家基本法律制度。第三部分圍繞英美法案例教學(xué)的核心內(nèi)容展開，首先介紹了理解英美國家案例的方法和案例中常用縮略語，然后精心挑選了涉及聯(lián)邦憲法以及相關(guān)部門法的10個典型案例，是原汁原味的英文法律文本。    本書可作為高等院校法律專業(yè)的法律英語教材，也可作為法學(xué)院西方法律制度課程的雙語教材、英語專業(yè)英美法律概況的教材，以及有志于從事涉外工作的人員的自學(xué)教材。

書籍目錄

IntroductiOnChapter One  The Different Features of Legal English  Unit 1   Overview of Legal English Vocabulary    Typical Features of Legal English Vocabulary    The Common Prefix and Suffix of Legal English  Unit 2  Oyerview of Legal English Sentence    Charaderistics of the Syntadic Strudure of Legal English    Typical Legal English Sentence TranslationChapter Two  Introduction to American Legal System  Unit 1  Legal Systems    Text: Legal Systems    Supplementary Reading: Civil Law System  Unit 2  Legal Education    Text American Legal Education    Supplementary Reading: Legal Education in the U.S.  Unit 3  Legal Profession    Text :, American Legal Profession    Supplementary Reading: Judges  Unit 4  Constitution Ⅰ    Text: The Contents of American Constitution    Supplementary Reading: The Amendments  Unit 5  Constitution Ⅱ    Text: The Theories of American Constitution    Supplementary Reading; British Constitution  Unit 6  Court System    Text: American Court System    Supplementary Reading: British Court System  Unit 7  Jury System    Text: Jury System    Supplementary Reading: The Supreme Court of the United States  Unit 8  Administrative Law    Text: American Administrative Law    Supplementary Reading: Administrative Law  Unit 9  Civil Law    Text: Copyright Law    Supplementary Reading: Civil Rights Act of 1964  Unit 10  Contract Law    Text: Contract Law    Supplementary Reading: Real Property Law  Unit 11  Criminal Law    Text: American Criminal Law    Supplementary Reading: American Criminal Procedure LawChapter Three  Case Studies  Unit 1  Case Study Methods    How to Understand English Case    How to Brief a Case    Case Terms Abbreviated  Unit 2  Typical Case Studies    Case 1  Marbury v. Madison(1803)    Case 2  Brown v. Board of Education(1954)    Case 3  Miranda v. Arizona(1966)    Case 4 Gibbons v. Ogden(i824)    Case 5  United States v. Nixon(]974)    Case 6  World-wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson (1980)    Case 7  Pennoyer v, Neff(1877)    Case 8  Milliken v. Meyer(1940)    Case 9  Internatiorial Shoe Co v State of Washington (1945)    Case 10  United States et el. v. Locke et el. (1985)Appendix  Moot CourtReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Legal English is the style of common written English in legal profession includinglaws， codes， ordinances， regulations， agreements， verdicts and rulings， etc， especiallyrefers to the English used by lawyers and other legal professionals in the course of theirwork. It has particular relevance when applied to legal writing and the drafting ofwritten material， such as contracts， statutes and agreements. In the pase， the existenceof law depends on peoples memories.　　In legal English， the repetitive， rhythmic andawesome words which show special powers are used to make people acknowledge law.Modem legal English is based on Standard English. However， it contains a number ofunusual features. These largely relate to terminology， linguistic structure， linguisticconventions and punctuation，and havetheir roots in the history of the development ofEnglish as a legal language. The cartier of legal English is English. Latin words werecompletely used as the language of judicial proceedings and law documents. Lawyersused a mixture of Latin， French and English during the medieval period， and finallyused the English as the formal Legal language.　　Therefore， we can say that LegalEnglish has experienced three stages ： Latin， French / Latin / English and legal Englishfor Specific Purposes. Legal language is the work tool for the legal profession. Legallanguage is the cartier of the law spirit which carries the force of law. The phenomena oflegal language makes it appears mystery. The mystery of legal language has in turnstrengthened the authority of law. Today， lawyers are still willing to use some esotericlegal words to win clients respect and higher fees.　In addition， legislators oftendeliberately left in the legislative ambiguity which is the compromise between legislationforces. Usually， the legislative process is an appropriate selective process of words andphrases， so the consensus can be made from opposition parties.

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