護(hù)士安全用藥手冊(cè)

前言

　　安全用藥是護(hù)理安全的重要組成部分，要實(shí)現(xiàn)安全用藥，不僅要求護(hù)理人員具有較全面的藥學(xué)知識(shí)，而且從藥物管理到藥物治療規(guī)范的每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都不容忽視。近年來，各級(jí)衛(wèi)生行政主管部門關(guān)于用藥安全的管理要求不斷更新，新藥新制劑不斷涌現(xiàn)，對(duì)護(hù)理人員應(yīng)掌握的藥理知識(shí)也提出了更高的要求。為指導(dǎo)護(hù)士臨床安全用藥，南京護(hù)理學(xué)會(huì)組織臨床一線護(hù)理專家和臨床藥學(xué)專家共同編寫了這本《護(hù)士安全用藥手冊(cè)》。本書包括安全用藥一般知識(shí)、用藥管理規(guī)范、藥物治療護(hù)理規(guī)范、藥物不良反應(yīng)的評(píng)估與護(hù)理、特殊病人的用藥護(hù)理、常用藥物基本知識(shí)與護(hù)理要點(diǎn)六個(gè)部分。各章的主要特色如下：　　一、安全用藥一般知識(shí)解釋了藥品的常用術(shù)語(yǔ)及釋義，以及目前最新的《中國(guó)藥典》關(guān)于藥品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的種類及概述，影響藥物作用的因素、聯(lián)合用藥和藥物的相互作用等方面的知識(shí)?！　《?、用藥管理規(guī)范根據(jù)最新用藥安全管理要求，重點(diǎn)闡述病區(qū)藥品管理制度、藥品保管原則、安全給藥原則，并有可操作的藥品配制管理和藥品質(zhì)量管理規(guī)范?！　∪?、藥物治療護(hù)理規(guī)范介紹了各種常用給藥方法的護(hù)理規(guī)范、過敏試驗(yàn)的護(hù)理規(guī)范及常用護(hù)理藥學(xué)計(jì)算，內(nèi)容具體、操作性強(qiáng)。針對(duì)近年更新較快而教課書中不全的局部給藥護(hù)理及吸入給藥法的護(hù)理有較好補(bǔ)充和更新?！　　?/pre>


內(nèi)容概要
　　《英文短語(yǔ)你用對(duì)了嗎》按照字母表順序?qū)⒏哳l短語(yǔ)羅列在讀者面前，為讀者介紹這些結(jié)構(gòu)上相近或相似的搭配在真實(shí)語(yǔ)義和使用方式上的差別，幫助讀者看清楚這些詞匯搭配背后所深藏的陷阱。此外，針對(duì)每組詞匯辨析還設(shè)有練習(xí)題，意在讓讀者通過這類小測(cè)試檢驗(yàn)自己對(duì)知識(shí)的掌握情況。
　　《英文短語(yǔ)你用對(duì)了嗎》適用于希望提高英語(yǔ)水平的廣大英語(yǔ)愛好者。



書籍目錄
目錄回到頂部↑《英文短語(yǔ)你用對(duì)了嗎》
a
unit one
a bit, a few, a little
a couple of, a pair of
a dozen of, dozens of
a lot of, lots of
a number of, the number of
abide by, abide with
unit two
accommodate to, accommodate with
according as, according to
act as, act for, act on
add to, addto
admit of, admit to
agree on, agree to, agree with
all day, all the day
allow for, allow of
angry at, angry with
answer for, answer to
.anxious about, anxious for
appeal for, appeal to
appoint as, appoint to
argue about, argue with
arrive at., arrive in
as if, as though
ashamed of, ashamed for
ask leave, take leave
unit five
at a birth, at birth, by birth
at a distance, from a distance
at all risk, at risk
at all times, at times
at best, at one's best
at heart, by heart
unit six
at no time, at the time
at one's back, on one's back
at peace, in peace
at sea, atthe sea
at the corner, in the corner
at the end of, by the end, in theend
unit seven
at the moment, at the same time
at the spot, on the spot
at the top of, on the top of
at work, in work
attend on, attend to
b
unit ine
back down, back up
bargain for, bargain on
be absorbed by, be absorbed in
be alive to, be alive with
be apt at, be apt to.
be bound for, be bound to
unit two
be buried in, be buried under
be concemed about, be concemed with
be disappointed at, be disappointed with
be dying for, be dying to
be engaged in, be engaged to
be familiar to, be familiar with
unit three
be from, come from
be good for, be good at
be in love with, fall in love with
be known as, be known for
be mad about, be mad at
be made from, be made of
unit four
be made in, be made into
be married, get married
be proud of, be proud to
be seated, sit down.
be short of, be short on
be sick for, be sick of.
unit five
be tired from, be tired of
be used to do, be used to doing,used to do
bear on, bear up
before long, long before
belong in, belong to
better off, better than
unit six
bind together, bind up
blame for, blame on
block off, block up
blow out, blow up
book in, book up
both…and…, either… or…
neither…nor…
unit seven
break down, break off, break up
break in, break into.
break one's word, eat one's word.
bring about, bring around
bring in, bring up.
bum down, burn up.
unit eight
burst in, burst into
busy in, busy with
by force, in force
by itself, in itself
by name, in name
by nature, in nature
unit nine
by sea, by the sea
by the eye, to the eye
by the way, in the way, on the way.
by turns, in turn.
c
unit one
call at, call on
call for, call in
care about, care for
catch a cold, have a cold
catch fire, on fire
catch on, catch out
unit two
catch up with, keep up with
change for, change into
check in, check into.
cheer on, cheer, up.
choke back l choke up
clean up, clear up.
unit three
clear away, clear out
come about, come across
come in, come into
come off, come out
compare to, compare with
connect to, connect with
unit four
consist in, consist of
contribute to, devote to
correspond to, correspond with
count down, count in
cover for, cover up
crack down, crack up
unit five
cross off, cross over
cut back, cut down
d
unit one
day after day, day by day
deal in, deal with
depend on, depend upon
die from, die of
divide into, divide up
do one's best, try one's best
unit two
draw in, draw up
dream about, dream up
dress in, dress up
drop by, drop off, drop out
dwell in, dwell on
e
unit one
each other, one another
eat away, eat out
enter into, enter on
even as, even so
excuse for, excuse from
exist in, exist on
f
unit one
fall back, fall behind
fall off, fall out
far away from, keep away from.
feed on, feed up.
feel for, feel like.
figure in, figure out.
unit two
fill in, fill out
find out, look out.
fix on, fix up.
for a moment, in a moment
for fun, in fun.
for sale, on sale
unit three
for shame, with shame
for show, on show
forget doing, forget to do
from mouth to mouth, mouth to mouth
g
unit one
gaze at, glare at, look at
get along with, get on with
get down, get down to
get in touch with, keep in touch with
get off, get out, get over
get ready for, get ready to
unit two
get through, go through
give a call, make a call
give away, give back
give in, give up.
give off, give out.
go about, go by.
unit three
go into, go off
go on, go out, go over
go sleeping, go to bed
go to the cinema, go to the movies.
h
unit one
hand down, hand out, hand over.
hand in, hand in hand.
hand on, on hand.
hang on, hang up.
have a joke with, play a joke on
have a word with, have words with
unit two
have on, have up
hear from, hear of
help sb. do, help sb. with
hold back, hold up
hold on, hold out
hurry off, hurry up
i
unit one
if only, only if
in a fashion, in fashion
in a hole, in the hole
in a word, in other words
in blue, in the blue
in business, on business
unit two
in case of, in the case of
in charge of, in the charge of
in commission, on commission
in contrast to, in contrast with
in demand, on demand
in drink, in the drink.
unit three
in fire, under fire.
in front of, in the front of .
in future, in the future.
in hospital, in the hospital
in issue, in the issue.
in mass, in the mass
unit four
in office, in the office
in order, on order.
in place of, take place
in practice, in question
in principle, on principle
in private, in public.
unit five
in repair, under repair
in secret, in the secret
in store, in the store
in the air, on the air
in the road, on the road
in the south of, on the south of,to the south of
unit six
in the sun, under the sun
in the tree, on the tree.
in the view of, in view of
in the wall, on the wall.
in the water, on the water
in time, on time.
unit seven
in trust, trust in
increase by, increase to
j
unit one
join in, join on
jump at, jump down
just now, just then
k
unit one
keen about, keen on
keep at, keep up.
keep doing, keep on doing.
keep house, keep the house.
keep silence, keep silent
kind of, kinds of
unit two
knock into, knock…into
known as, known for
l
unit one
lack for, lack of.
launch into, launch out
lay off, lay out.
lead out, lead to.
leave for, leave to.
let down, let in, let out
unit two
liable for, liable to
lie in, lie on.
live by, live on.
loaf about, loaf away
look after, look for, look forward
look through, see through
unit three
look up, look up to.
lose heart, lose one's heart
m
unit one
make sure, make sense
make trouble, take trouble
make up, make up one's mind
meddle in, meddle with
melt away; melt down
much too, too much.
n
unit one
no longer, no more
not a bit, not a little
o
unit one
off the point, to the point
off work, out of work
on board, on the board
on deck, on the deck
on duty, oft duty
on schedule, on the schedule
unit two
on watch, on the watch
once again, once more
out of breath, short of breath
out of question, out of the question.
p
unit one
pass away, pass off
pass by, pass on, pass out
pay for, pay off
pick out, pick up
plan on, plan out
play at, play with
unit two
point at, point to
pull in, pull out
put aside, put away
put up, set up
put off, put on, put out
q
unit one
quarrel about, quarrel with
quite a few, quite an amount
r
unit one
react on, react to
remember doing, remember to do
responsible for, responsible to
result from, result in
right away, right now
ring a bell, ring the bell
unit two
run after, run away.
run into, run on, run out
rush hour, the peak hours
s
unit one
see about, see to
see off, see out
send out, send up
set off, set in
shout at, shout to
smile at, smile on
unit two
speak about, speak for
speak of, speak to
split into, split on.
stand by, stand to, stand out.
stay out, stay up.
stop doing, stop to do.
unit three
struggle against, struggle for.
succeed in, succeed to
superior in, superior to.
t
unit one
take a chair, take the chair
take a chance, take the chance
take air, take the air
take down, write down
take ground, take the ground
take off, take over
unit two
talk about, talk to
taste for, taste in
tear down, tear off
tell of, tell off
terrified at, terrified of
thanks for, thanks to
unit three
think about, think of
throw off, throw out
tip off, tip over
try doing, try to do
try on, try out
turn down, turn off, turn on,turn up
u
unit one
unite in, unite with
up and down, ups and downs
v
unit one
vote down, vote out
w
unit one
wait for, wait on
wake up, wake…up
walk into, walk out
wash off, wash out
watch for, watch over
work off, work out


章節(jié)摘錄
版權(quán)頁(yè)：   （6）使用氧氣驅(qū)動(dòng)霧化時(shí)應(yīng)做好“四防”，結(jié)束后應(yīng)將氧流量調(diào)至原吸氧濃度，避免長(zhǎng)期高流量吸氧。 【給藥護(hù)理要點(diǎn)】護(hù)士掌握并教會(huì)病人使用霧化吸入的方法及配合要點(diǎn)，協(xié)助病人共同完成。 （1）向病人解釋霧化吸人的目的、方法及配合要點(diǎn)等，以取得合作。 （2）協(xié)助病人取舒適臥位，以坐位、半臥位為宜。 （3）將噴嘴和霧化罐相連，連接管道，調(diào)節(jié)氧流量（常用8 L／min）或使用霧化機(jī)連接電源后打開電源開關(guān)。 （4）將口含嘴放人病人口中，囑病人用嘴將口含嘴包緊，由口緩慢深吸氣，用鼻輕輕呼氣。 （5）霧化過程中注意管路的連接情況，觀察藥物療效及副作用，對(duì)于年老體弱病人咳嗽時(shí)要輔助拍背，持續(xù)霧化時(shí)間15～20 min。 （6）霧化結(jié)束后協(xié)助病人認(rèn)真漱口，避免口腔感染。用氧氣驅(qū)動(dòng)者調(diào)節(jié)適宜的氧流量；用面罩式霧化吸入者，應(yīng)將病人面部的霧氣和殘余藥液洗凈，避免藥物對(duì)皮膚的刺激。 2.超聲霧化 【藥物種類】乙酰半胱氨酸、溴己新、a—糜蛋白酶、高滲鹽水及蒸餾水等。 【注意事項(xiàng)】 （1）吸人給藥，應(yīng)在餐前或餐后1 h開始，以防惡心、嘔吐癥狀發(fā)生。并注意觀察藥物療效及副作用。 （2）防止霧化吸入導(dǎo)致交叉感染：①超聲霧化管路專人專用，不使用時(shí)整個(gè)管道內(nèi)不應(yīng)有液體存留，以免細(xì)菌滋生；②霧化罐用后必須用1：200含氯消毒液浸泡30 min，再用蒸餾水沖凈后晾干備用；③霧化液必須是無菌溶液。 （3）霧化器水槽底部的晶體換能器和霧化罐底部的超聲膜薄而脆，易破碎，操作中應(yīng)注意保護(hù)。 （4）霧化罐下的水槽內(nèi)蒸餾水量根據(jù)霧化器不同而不同，要求浸沒霧化罐底部半透膜，水溫不宜超過60℃。水溫過高或水量過少時(shí)應(yīng)關(guān)機(jī)換蒸餾水或加蒸餾水。 （5）連續(xù)使用霧化器中間需間隔30 min。 【給藥護(hù)理要點(diǎn)】護(hù)士必須掌握操作流程，教會(huì)病人使用霧化吸入的方法及配合要點(diǎn)，協(xié)助病人共同完成。 （1）向病人解釋霧化吸人的目的、方法及配合要點(diǎn)等，以取得合作。 （2）協(xié)助病人取舒適臥位，以坐位、半臥位為宜。 （3）將口含嘴放人病人口中，囑病人用嘴將口含嘴包緊，由口緩慢深吸氣，用鼻輕輕呼氣。 （4）霧化過程中注意管路有無破損、漏氣，一般藥物用生理鹽水稀釋至30～50 ml后放入霧化罐內(nèi)霧化15～20 min，若霧化罐內(nèi)藥液過少，影響正常霧化時(shí)，應(yīng)增加藥量，但不必關(guān)機(jī)，從霧化罐上小孔注入即可。 （5）霧化結(jié)束后囑病人認(rèn)真漱口，避免口腔感染。用面罩式霧化吸人者，應(yīng)將病人面部的霧氣和殘余藥液洗凈，避免藥物對(duì)皮膚的刺激。 七、手術(shù)中給藥的護(hù)理 1.手術(shù)中給藥必須遵醫(yī)囑執(zhí)行，給藥前嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行“三查七對(duì)”，術(shù)中密切觀察，防止藥液外滲，如有外滲應(yīng)及時(shí)處置，以防組織壞死，給藥后應(yīng)及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確將用藥信息記錄在手術(shù)護(hù)理記錄單上。 2.術(shù)中使用局麻藥時(shí)，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)護(hù)，病人如出現(xiàn)不適感、口內(nèi)異常感、喘鳴、眩暈、便意、耳鳴、出汗等休克前驅(qū)癥狀，應(yīng)立刻停藥，并做好搶救準(zhǔn)備。局部注射麻醉時(shí)，應(yīng)緩慢注射，并注意有無回血，以免誤注入血管內(nèi)而引起急性中毒反應(yīng)；硬膜外用藥時(shí)，開始注藥前應(yīng)回抽腰穿針，以免誤人蛛網(wǎng)膜下隙而導(dǎo)致致命的高位或全脊髓麻醉。




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《護(hù)士安全用藥手冊(cè)》由東南大學(xué)出版社出版。





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