出版時間:2008-9 出版社:東南大學(xué)出版社 作者:韓戈玲 頁數(shù):144 字?jǐn)?shù):196000
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前言
語用學(xué)到底研究什么?這個問題在語用學(xué)產(chǎn)生至三十年后的今天似乎還常常會引發(fā)一些不同的意見和看法。在我看來,語用學(xué)所研究的并非是什么新的東西,而是人們再熟悉不過的語言和再普通不過的語言交際現(xiàn)象。語言和語言交際中的許多現(xiàn)象早已引起了人們的注意并且已經(jīng)有人做過各種研究。但語用學(xué)則是從一個和以往不同的、幾乎是全新的角度去對一些我們已知的現(xiàn)象做出新的審視,得出新的結(jié)論,從而加深我們對語言和語言交際的認(rèn)識。本專著所關(guān)注的“語用標(biāo)記語”便是這些現(xiàn)象之一?! 罢Z用標(biāo)記語”這個術(shù)語所涵蓋的詞項有許多,這些詞項被不同的研究者冠以不同的名稱,在不同的領(lǐng)域,從不同的角度做了不同的研究。近年來,隨著對語用研究的熱情日益高漲,把這些標(biāo)記語冠以“語用標(biāo)記語”的新名稱,納入到語用研究范疇的實例日益見多。韓戈玲博士所做的這一研究便是其一。本研究和先前的同類研究具有明顯的共性,即都以探討語用標(biāo)記語的性質(zhì)和功能為主旨,但同時它又具有自己明顯的特性。本研究最主要的特點是它不拘泥于對個別的語用標(biāo)記語做表面的個案研究,而是提出了一個新的、具有覆蓋性的理論框架,將語用標(biāo)記語納入到該框架下,對它們的性質(zhì)和功能進(jìn)行全面的研究,以求得出一些具有共性的結(jié)論。韓博士在綜合博弈論、語用學(xué)和語篇分析等理論的重要概念、研究方法和成果的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一個三維概念框架:動態(tài)合作、交互連貫、雙邊最佳交際,并將其運用于系統(tǒng)地描述語用標(biāo)記語在語言交際中的使用以及交際者如何運用語用標(biāo)記語這一言語策略達(dá)到雙邊最佳交際。我認(rèn)為該框架的提出具有很大的創(chuàng)新性,尤其是把博弈論這一似乎不屬于語言研究范疇的理論引入到該研究中來。第一次聽到韓博士的這一想法時,我實感意外,但她其后的工作和結(jié)果都證明了她的這一想法是有充分根據(jù)的;她本人對該框架的運用也是相當(dāng)成功的,證明了該框架的可行性和應(yīng)用價值。
內(nèi)容概要
本書論述了會話語篇中語用標(biāo)記語的性質(zhì)和功能。作者構(gòu)建了一個新的概念框架,旨在系統(tǒng)地描述語用標(biāo)記語在言語交際中的普遍使用以及交際者如何運用語用標(biāo)記語這一言語策略達(dá)到雙邊最佳交際。 在綜合博弈論、語用學(xué)和語篇分析等理論的重要概念、研究方法和成果的基礎(chǔ)上,作者提出了一個三維概念框架:動態(tài)合作、交互連貫、雙邊最佳交際以闡釋語用標(biāo)記語的多功能性及其運作機(jī)制。 本書的理論核心在于人類交際活動的多面性和語用標(biāo)記語對話語意義表達(dá)和闡釋的語境制約。鑒于言語交際的不確定性和動態(tài)性,交際雙方在交際過程中必須及時調(diào)整交際策略,包括語言策略,以便正確識別彼此的交際意圖。實際上,交際雙方通常相互配合、共同努力以取得有利于各自的最佳交際效果。我們認(rèn)為最佳交際效果是一個交際目標(biāo)多元化的平衡體。語用標(biāo)記語作為交際策略或修辭手段在言語交際中十分常見,并且有助于會話語篇中話語的交互連貫。 語用學(xué)主要研究語言的使用,作者從語用學(xué)角度論述了語用標(biāo)記語的意義不確定性及其在具體交際語境中的多重功能。我們認(rèn)為交際中話語所表達(dá)的信息是多層次的,因而對話語意義的理解不是一個簡單的信息解碼過程,而是涉及邏輯推理和語境作用的一個比較復(fù)雜的過程。說話人常常借助于語用標(biāo)記語直接或間接表明其意圖;聽話人則借助于語用標(biāo)記語快速明白話語的多層意義并予以得體的應(yīng)答。研究還表明,不論是敘述還是論證,交際者都會使用語用標(biāo)記語表明自己的意圖和態(tài)度??傊Z用標(biāo)記語不僅是話語顯意和會話含義的標(biāo)記符,而且同時具有概念性和程序性制約功能。 本書的語料主要選自日常會話以及英語和漢語的媒體訪談節(jié)目。因為在電視、廣播訪談節(jié)目中主持人和嘉賓的角色相對固定,有利于定量和定性分析會話中語用標(biāo)記語的特征和功能。作者通過例證分析表明語用標(biāo)記語的功能多樣性和交際目標(biāo)的多面性密切相關(guān)。語用標(biāo)記語有助于語篇連貫和組織,有利于改善人際關(guān)系以及調(diào)整交際策略。語用標(biāo)記語的功能和作用受制于交際中不同語境因素的制約。 本書適于語言專業(yè)研究生、高校教師研究參考使用。
作者簡介
韓戈玲,1967年3月出生于山西省聞喜縣,英語語言文學(xué)博士,現(xiàn)為上海理工大學(xué)外語學(xué)院副教授和碩士生導(dǎo)師。主要研究領(lǐng)域包括語用學(xué)、語言學(xué)、認(rèn)知語言學(xué)、功能語言學(xué)、話語分析和外語教學(xué)。近年來在《外語界》等期刊上發(fā)表論文5篇,參編《英漢語言學(xué)詞典》等辭書3部。參加國家
書籍目錄
AcknowledgementsAbstractA List of Abbreviations and SymbolsA List of Tables and FiguresChapter One IntroductionPreliminary Remarks 1.1 Broad Preview 1.2 Remaining Issues in Previous Studies 1.3 Rationale of the Present Research 1.4 Objective of the Current Study 1.5 Description of the Target Data 1.6 The Organization of the BookChapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Diversified Terminology 2.2 Various Perspectives on Pragmatic Markers 2.2.1 Pragmatic Markers and Logic-syntactic Structure 2.2.2 Pragmatic Markers and Discourse Coherence 2.2.3 Pragmatic Markers and Relevance Theory 2.2.4 Pragmatic Markers from a Pragmatic Perspective 2.3 SummaryChapter Three Theoretical Framework 3.1 Theoretical Grounds for the Research Approach 3.1.1 Game Theory and the Application of Its Ideas 3.1.2 Pragmatic Studies on Implicature 3.1.3 Discourse Analysis and the Main Issues 3.2 Description of the Conceptual Framework 3.2.1 Dynamic Collaboration 3.2.2 Interactive Coherence 3.2.3 Bilateral Optimalization 3.3 SummaryChapter Four Properties of Pragmatic Markers 4.1 Identification of Pragmatic Markers 4.1.1 Previous Definitions of Pragmatic Markers 4.1.2 Operational Definition of Pragmatic Markers 4.2 Distinctive Features of Pragmatic Markers 4.3 Taxonomies of Pragmatic Markers 4.3.1 Interaction Initiating Markers 4.3.2 Sequential Markers 4.3.3 Attitudinal Markers 4.3.4 Illocutionary Force Markers 4.3.5 Tactic Markers 4.3.6 Information Intensifying Markers 4.3.7 Interim Summary 4.4 Interpretative Orientation of Pragmatic Markers 4.5 Pragmatic Markers and Inference of Explicatures and Implicatures 4.5.1 Distinction of the Explicit/Implicit, Explicature/Implicature 4.5.2 Conceptual and Procedural Meanings of Pragmatic Markers 4.5.3 Pragmatic Markers and Constraints on Implicature 4.6 SummaryChapter Five Pragmatic Markers in Interactive Discourse 5.1 Pragmatic Markers as Devices of Discourse Coherence in Interaction 5.1.1 Pragmatic Markers Signaling Conversational Development 5.1.2 Pragmatic Markers Functioning as Information Management Devices 5.1.3 Pragmatic Markers Highlighting Interpersonal Relationship 5.1.4 Pragmatic Markers Conveying Communicative Attitude 5.2 Multifunctionality of Pragmatic Markers 5.3 Distribution of Pragmatic Markers in Argumentative Discourse 5.4 SummaryChapter Six Factors Influencing the Use of Pragmatic Markers 6.1 Social Variables 6.1.1 Interaction Situation 6.1.2 Speaker Role 6.1.3 Speech Community 6.2 Speech Genre 6.3 Cultural Values 6.4 SummaryChapter Seven Conclusion 7.1 Summary of the Major Findings 7.1.1 Findings Relating to the Dynamic Process of Verbal Interaction 7.1.2 Findings Concerning Pragmatic Markers in Interactive Discourse 7.2 Implications and Applications 7.3 Limitations of the Present Study 7.4 Suggestions for Further ResearchAppendix 1Appendix 2BIBLIOGRAPHYs
章節(jié)摘錄
Although the descriptions Of the term are not consistent, it is agreed that the function of pragmatic markers is of utterance rather than of sentence, and their role should be analyzed at discoursal level rather than sentential level. More importantly, pragmatic markers occur at different places in the discourse and give important clues to how discourse is segmented and processed. This means that they are crucial to utterance interpretation in interpersonal communication. Among all the researches on pragmatic markers, the most fruitful ones are within the frameworks of logic-syntactic analysis, discourse analysis, relevance theory and pragmatic theory. The studies have focused an the properties and functions of pragmatic markers as a whole or as individual markers in different languages. Most of the studies concern the constraints imposed by pragmatic markers on the discourse structure of conversations as well as on the explicature and implicature of utterances. Up to now, the study of pragmatic markers has provided useful analysis at the interface of syntax, semantics and pragmatics. However, most analyses of pragmatic markers with linguistic data of recorded daily conversations appear to be localized and unsystematic. Therefore, a more global and systematic study is needed. The present study attempts to probe into the motivation to utilize pragmatic markers in interactive discourse, especially into the contributions of PMs to the expression of the speakers communicative intentions and to the bearers comprehension of the explicit and implicit messages n oral interaction. Discrepancies in the descriptions of pragmatic markers mentioned above reveal that unsolved problems still remain in the existing studies. Some of the pressing problems will be briefly introduced in this section. First of all, disagreement on the definition and the range o{ pragmatic markers results in diversified terminology, which causes the definition to be a prominent issue for researchers working on pragmatic markers. Therefore, criteria are needed to describe the characteristics of PMs and to decide whether a given instance is a PM.
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