出版時間:2010-10 出版社:華東理工大學出版社 作者:梁逸曾,易倫朝 編著 頁數:196
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前言
化學計量學(chemometrics)由瑞典科學家Svante Wold提出,自其20世紀70年代問世以來,在國際上得到普遍認同,現已被歐盟分析化學專業(yè)委員會列為分析化學的四大支柱學科(波譜與光譜、色譜技術、化學生物傳感和化學計量學)之一?;瘜W計量學在化學量測中的采樣理論與實驗設計、化學數據處理、分析信號解析與分辨、化學分類決策與預報等方面,解決了大量傳統(tǒng)的化學研究方法難以解決的復雜問題,顯示了其強大的生命力,已受到化學尤其是分析化學工作者的極大關注。近年來,國際國內一些院校的化學及其相關專業(yè)已將化學計量學作為必修課或選修課納入本科生或研究生的教學計劃中。由于化學計量學是一門新興交叉學科,大量重要文獻都是英文給出,英文基礎對學好此課程亦十分重要。其實,教育部歷來對英語教育就十分重視,相應的英語四、六級的考試也在督促學生在大學期間的英語學習。但是,大學本科的英語教育效果確實不夠理想。學生在學習期間花了不少時間,學到的是一些英語的基本語法和基本詞匯,但英語學習與知識或專業(yè)的學習是分離的,所學到的英語知識基本難以得到應用的機會,致使英語作為語言交流工具的基本功能難以實現。所以,學生在大學學業(yè)完成后,還很難與國外同行進行學術交流。一種語言的學習應該與其經常的應用結合起來方能真正學好。教育部近年來力主教授(其中特別是知名教授)要上本科課堂,還特別對“雙語教學”進行強力推崇,其初衷可能也在于此?,F今的社會是一個競爭的社會,我們國家急需一大批能與國際科研界平等對話和平等競爭的人才,沒有這樣一大批的人才,絕無實現“中華崛起”夢想之可能。直接采用英文來進行知識或專業(yè)教育,對培養(yǎng)能與國際科研界平等對話和平等競爭的人才的確很重要。記得本人在研究生的學習中,導師俞汝勤院士就采用英語為我們上化學計量學課,教材就是本專業(yè)中的一些重要文獻(英語原文論文)。我雖沒有參加任何專門的如TOFFE或GRE之類的英語考試和培訓,但當我完成了博士期間的學習在20世紀90年代到挪威繼續(xù)做博士后研究時,基本就沒感到學術交流過程中有語言障礙的困難。這些課使我受益匪淺,令我終生難忘。所以,通過進行雙語教學,以縮短學生從課程學習快速過渡到科學研究的準備過程,提高學生的國際競爭能力,力爭達到既學好了課程又提高了英語的作用。我校對化學計量學課程進行雙語教學始于2002年,2008年該課程成為教育部雙語教學示范課程。在進行雙語教學的過程中,我們體會到學生對雙語教學是歡迎的,其中尤其是一些基礎較好的學生,他們認為雙語教學對他們是一種挑戰(zhàn),使他們興奮,積極性很高。他們在學習過程中,不但學習了專業(yè)知識,英語也在交流過程中得以提高。但是,對于如何在教學過程中同時也考慮到一些英語基礎較差的學生,使他們也能在雙語教學中獲益,還是雙語教學中應注意的一個問題。
內容概要
本書以化學計量學的基礎知識為其主線,在講述數學基礎時就試圖與其化學應用直接相連,始終注意到講解這些知識可為化學家們提供了什么樣的新思路,可以解決什么樣的化學問題。本書雖用英文編寫,但文中出現的一些非常用英文單詞皆給出中文提示,以節(jié)省學生查閱字典的時間;凡是在書中出現重要知識點的地方,本書盡量佐以問題進行提示,以引起學生的足夠注意;另外,本書在必要時還盡量給出中文注釋和評述,對所授知識進一步進行解釋和闡述,以提高學生的認識和降低閱讀的難度。
書籍目錄
Chapter 1 Introduction and Necessary Fundamental Knowledge of Mathematics 1.1 Chemometrics: Definition and Its Brief History 1.2 The Relationship between Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics 1.3 The Relationship between Chemometrics, Chemoinformatics and Bioinformatics 1.4 Necessary Knowledge of Mathematics Chapter 2 Chemical Experiment Design 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Factorial Design and Its Rational Analysis 2.3 Fractional Factorial Design 2.4 Orthogonal Design and Orthogonal Array 2.5 Uniform Experimental Design and Uniform Design Table 2.6 D-Optimal Experiment Design 2.7 Optimization Based on Simplex and Experiment Design Chapter 3 Processing of Analytic Signals 3.1 Smoothing Methods of Analytical Signals 3.2 Derivative Methods of Analytical Signals 3.3 Background Correction Method of Analytical Signals 3.4 Transformation Methods of Analytical Signals Chapter 4 Multivariate Calibration and Multivariate Resolution 4.1 Multivariate Calibration Methods for White Analytical Systems 4.2 Multivariate Calibration Methods for Grey Analytical Systems 4.3 Multivariate Resolution Methods for Black Analytical Systems 4.4 Multivariate Calibration Methods for Generalized Grey Analytical Systems Chapter 5 Pattern Recognition and Pattern Analysis for Chemical Analytical Data 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Supervised Pattern Recognition Methods: Discriminant Analysis Methods 5.3 Unsupervised Pattern Recognition Methods: Clustering Analysis Methods 5.4 Visual Dimensional Reduction Based on Latent Projections
章節(jié)摘錄
插圖:More recently, a new discipline named chemoinformatics has newly developed. The markof appearance of this discipline is the publication of several books after 2000 [1-28-1-31].There are also several different definitions for this discipline. Here we just list three famousones as follows.The first one was given by F. K. Brown[1-32], that is, "The use of information technologyand management has become a critical part of the drug discovery process. Chemoirfformatics isthe mixing of information resources to transform data into information and information intoknowledge, for the intended purpose of making decisions faster in the arena of drug leadidentification and optimization. " G. Paris [1-33] also gave a definition, that "chemoinformaticsis a generic term that encompasses the design, creation, organization, management, retrieval,analysis, dissemination, visualization and use of chemical information. " The last one defined byGasteiger was a much more broad definition. It defines that "chemoirdormatics, the application ofinformafics methods to the solution of chemical problems. "[1-32] From this definition, one can seethat this definition wants to encompass everything working with computer for chemistry in it. In fact,from a point of historical view, one can see chemometrics and chemoinformatics have some differencesbetween them (see Fig. 1.4). In one word, chemometrics was mainly from the developing requirementfrom analytical chemistry, while chemoinformatics was mainly developed in order to meet the demandfrom physical chemistry and drug industry. Of course, there is much overlapping between the two sub-disdplines. It is also possible that the two chemical sub-disdplines could maybe merge togethersomeday in the future, since their targets are all to find some way to solve the chemical problems withthe help of mathematics, statistics and computer sdence.
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