化學(xué)與應(yīng)用化學(xué)專業(yè)英語

前言

　　隨著中國改革開放、加入世貿(mào)以及市場經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，不管是企業(yè)中的業(yè)務(wù)推廣、談判還是科研機構(gòu)中的技術(shù)研發(fā)，同國外的科技交流與合作日趨增多，因此對既懂專業(yè)知識又懂英語的人才需求量日益提高。為了適應(yīng)這種形勢的發(fā)展需要，有必要加強化學(xué)專業(yè)英語的教育，提高在校本科生、研究生以及相關(guān)人員的英語水平。因而，化學(xué)專業(yè)英語成為國內(nèi)各高等院?；瘜W(xué)、應(yīng)用化學(xué)及相關(guān)專業(yè)的一門專業(yè)必修課?！”緯卜譃?個單元，內(nèi)容涵蓋綜合化學(xué)、無機化學(xué)、有機化學(xué)、物理化學(xué)、分析化學(xué)、生物化學(xué)、材料科學(xué)、單元操作、科技文獻，除綜合化學(xué)和科技文獻兩單元外，每單元均由數(shù)量不等、選自國外原版英文書籍的相關(guān)文章組成，每課由以下8個部分組成：Paper、New Words and Expressions、Words to Know、Notes、Further Reading、Solved Problems、Supplementary Reading、Practical Reading。其中，綜合化學(xué)單元作為基礎(chǔ)介紹篇，其目的在于為讀者提供對化學(xué)學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)認(rèn)識，包括兩篇文章，分別描述了化學(xué)學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)以及化學(xué)學(xué)科的展望；科技文獻單元作為提高篇，主要針對有意進入研究生階段學(xué)習(xí)的本科生，目的在于為讀者提供科技文獻閱讀和寫作相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)知識，教師在講授過程中可將此單元作為自學(xué)篇。其他單元課文選材廣泛，對化學(xué)及其相關(guān)交叉學(xué)科進行了基礎(chǔ)而全面的介紹，內(nèi)容由淺入深。本書每單元組成部分的內(nèi)容安排有如下特色：　　（1）Words to Know，擴充詞匯。進一步提供與正文相關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯，使讀者可以憑借這些詞匯閱讀更廣泛的科技文獻?！　。?）Notes，注重對化學(xué)問題的注釋。減少對英語語法本身的注釋，突出科技英語的特點。　?。?）Further Reading，深入閱讀。對正文某個具體問題或某個概念進行深入介紹，使讀者能夠以英語的思維方式對正文所涉及的化學(xué)知識有進一步的認(rèn)識。　?。?）Solved Problems，課后習(xí)題。習(xí)題大多數(shù)來自英文原版教材。此部分讓讀者結(jié)合專業(yè)課程的學(xué)習(xí)，用英文作解答問題練習(xí)（如概念問答、解釋題型需采用英文作答）。

內(nèi)容概要

本書是根據(jù)大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱的專業(yè)閱讀部分的要求而編寫的，旨在為化學(xué)、應(yīng)用化學(xué)專業(yè)提供一本比較系統(tǒng)的專業(yè)英語教學(xué)用書?！痘瘜W(xué)與應(yīng)用化學(xué)專業(yè)英語》共分為9個單元，內(nèi)容涵蓋綜合化學(xué)、無機化學(xué)、有機化學(xué)、物理化學(xué)、分析化學(xué)、生物化學(xué)、材料科學(xué)、單元操作和科技文獻，每課由Paper、New Wordsand Expressions、Words to Know、Notes、Further Reading、Solved Problems、Supplementary Reading和Practical Reading 8個部分組成，形式安排新穎、內(nèi)容覆蓋面廣。書后還附錄如下實用內(nèi)容：（1）化學(xué)元素名稱中英文對照表；（2）化學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯常用前后綴；（3）化學(xué)常見縮略語；（4）化學(xué)實驗室常用儀器名稱；（5）常用英文化學(xué)分子式、方程式及數(shù)學(xué)式的讀法。另外，為了便于讀者的查閱，《化學(xué)與應(yīng)用化學(xué)專業(yè)英語》還附有課文生詞表?！　”緯晒┗瘜W(xué)、應(yīng)用化學(xué)專業(yè)本科生的專業(yè)英語教學(xué)或雙語教學(xué)，也可以作為相關(guān)專業(yè)的研究生、教師以及科技人員的參考用書。

書籍目錄

Unit One General Chemistry　Lesson One Chemistry Today and Tomorrow: the Central, Useful and Creative Science　Lesson Two Frontiers in ChemistryUnit Two Inorganic Chemistry　Lesson One The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds　Lesson Two Oxidation-Reduction Reaction　Lesson Three Acids and Bases　Lesson Four Coordination ChemistryUnit Three Organic Chemistry　Lesson One Structure and Bonding　Lesson Two Functional Groups and Chemical Families　Lesson Three Nomenclature of Organic Compounds　Lesson Four Green ChemistryUnit Four Physical Chemistry　Lesson One The First Law of Thermodynamics　Lesson Two Chemical Equilibrium　Lesson Three Electrolysis　Lesson Four CatalysisUnit Five Analytical Chemistry　Lesson One Qualitative Chemical Analysis　Lesson Two Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy Ultraviolet-Visible and Infrared Spectrophotometry　Lesson Three Mass Spectrometry　Lesson Four Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy　Lesson Five Gas ChromatographyUnit Six Biochemistry　Lesson One Enzymes　Lesson Two GlycolysisUnit Seven Materials Science　Lesson One Polymer　Lesson Two Nanotechnology　Lesson Three Liquid CrystalsUnit Eight Unit Operation　Lesson One Distillation　Lesson Two Solvent Extraction　Lesson Three CrystallizationUnit Nine Scientific Paper and Literature （Elective Course）　Lesson One How to Read a Scientific Paper？　Lesson Two How to Write a Scientific Paper？　Lesson Three Introduction of PatentAppendix Ⅰ Chinese and English Name of the Chemical ElementsAppendix Ⅱ Common Chemical Prefix and SuffixAppendix Ⅲ Common Chemical AbbreviationAppendix Ⅳ Common Chemical Glassware NamesAppendix Ⅴ Pronunciation of Common Molecular Formula, Chemical Equations and Mathematical EquationsSubject IndexReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

　　These early "chemists" made such discoveries by accident, and for a long timeaccident was the principal means of discovery. Accident still remains important todiscovery, but with our increasing chemical understanding we now usually create newchemical substances by design.　　After the early period of random discovery, humans began heating substancestogether intentionally to see what occurs. When a material that we now call iron ore washeated with charcoal, it produced iron metal, a new substance （we now use coke,produced from coal, instead of charcoal）. Iron ore contains a chemical in which ironatoms are chemically bound to oxygen atoms. Heating it with charcoal lets the carbonatoms of charcoal bind to the oxygen atoms and carries them off as the gas carbonmonoxide, leaving iron behind. Only gold and some metals related to platinum occurnaturally as metals; all others are made from their ores by such chemical processes.　　Modern chemistry is devoted to understanding the chemical structures and propertiesof natural chemicals and of chemicals created by building on what nature has supplied.Why do chemists call their discipline the "central science"？　　Chemistry touches many other scientific fields. It makes major contributions toagriculture, electronics, biology, medicine, environmental science, computer science,engineering, geology, physics, metallurgy, and mineralogy, among many others. It doesnot ask the physicists question： What is the ultimate nature of all matter？ Instead it asksthe chemists questions： Why do the substances of the world differ in their properties？How can we control and most effectively utilize these properties？

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