主要英語國家概況

出版時(shí)間:2004-9  出版社:重慶大學(xué)  作者:周寶娣 編  頁數(shù):410  
Tag標(biāo)簽:無  

前言

  進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),我國高等教育呈現(xiàn)快速擴(kuò)展的趨勢。為適應(yīng)社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,人才的培養(yǎng)問題已經(jīng)比我國任何一個(gè)歷史時(shí)期都顯得更為重要。當(dāng)今,人才的能力和素質(zhì)的衡量越來越多地采用國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn),人才的外語水平自然地也越來越受到培養(yǎng)單位和用人單位的重視,由此引發(fā)了對大學(xué)外語教學(xué)模式、教材和檢測機(jī)制的新一輪討論,掀起了新一輪的大學(xué)英語教學(xué)改革。作為外語師資隊(duì)伍和外語專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)的高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè),相比之下,在教學(xué)改革思路、新教材開發(fā)和新教學(xué)模式探討等諸方面均顯得滯后。盡管高等學(xué)校外語專業(yè)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會英語組針對當(dāng)前高校發(fā)展的新形式和外語專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)的新規(guī)格、新模式和新要求,修訂出了新的《高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱》,并結(jié)合21世紀(jì)外語人才培養(yǎng)和需求的新形勢,制定了由教育部高等教育司轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的《關(guān)于外語專業(yè)面向21世紀(jì)本科教育改革的若干意見》,就英語專業(yè)的建設(shè)提出了指導(dǎo)性的意見,但在實(shí)際工作中這兩個(gè)文件的精神尚未落實(shí)?! 榇?,重慶大學(xué)出版社和外語教學(xué)界的專家們就國內(nèi)高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)建設(shè)所面臨的新形勢作了專題討論。專家們認(rèn)為,把“大綱”的設(shè)計(jì)和“若干意見”的思想和理念變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的一個(gè)最直接的體現(xiàn)方式,就是編寫一套全新理念的英語專業(yè)系列教材;隨著我國教育體制的改革,特別是基礎(chǔ)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)施,適合高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)教學(xué)需要的教材也應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,以應(yīng)對中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)改革的新要求;高等學(xué)校學(xué)生入學(xué)時(shí)英語水平的逐年提高和就業(yè)市場對外語人才需求呈多元化趨勢的實(shí)際,對高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)的人才培養(yǎng)、教學(xué)模式、課程設(shè)置、教材建設(shè)等方面也提出了嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),應(yīng)對這些挑戰(zhàn),同樣可以通過一套新的教材體系來實(shí)現(xiàn)?! ∑駷橹?,國內(nèi)尚無一套完整的、系統(tǒng)的英語專業(yè)系列教材;目前已有的教材出自不同的出版社,編寫的思路和體例不盡相同;現(xiàn)有的教材因出版時(shí)間較早,內(nèi)容、知識結(jié)構(gòu)、教學(xué)方法和手段已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)新的發(fā)展要求;傳統(tǒng)的教材設(shè)計(jì)多數(shù)基于學(xué)科的內(nèi)在邏輯和系統(tǒng)性,較少考慮學(xué)習(xí)者的全面發(fā)展和社會對人才需求的多元化?! ∽?001年開始,在重慶大學(xué)出版社的大力支持下,我們成立了由華中、華南、西南和西北地區(qū)的知名專家、學(xué)者和教學(xué)一線教師組成的《求知高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)系列教材》編寫組,確定了系列教材編寫的指導(dǎo)思想和總體目標(biāo),即以《高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱》為依據(jù),將社會的需求與培養(yǎng)外語人才的全面發(fā)展緊密結(jié)合,注重英語作為一個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)科系統(tǒng)性和科學(xué)性,注重英語教學(xué)和習(xí)得的方法與規(guī)律,突出特色和系列教材的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,反映當(dāng)前教學(xué)改革的新理念并具有前瞻性;錘煉精品,建立與英語專業(yè)課程配套的新教材體系,推動英語專業(yè)的教學(xué)改革,培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)人才和創(chuàng)新人才。

內(nèi)容概要

  《主要英語國家概況》為《求知高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)系列教材》之一。本書以英美兩國的歷史、文化為主,并簡單介紹加拿大、澳大利亞和新西蘭的歷史及現(xiàn)狀。全書共31章,每章開頭列出了關(guān)鍵詞,提綱挈領(lǐng),章節(jié)末設(shè)有思考題,讓學(xué)生在練習(xí)中進(jìn)一步掌握全書脈絡(luò),溫故而知新。每章最后還安排有補(bǔ)充閱讀材料,并提供了進(jìn)一步檢索資料的網(wǎng)址,以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自學(xué)能力,同時(shí)激發(fā)學(xué)生深入學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。本書的獨(dú)到之處在于,采用了最新資料編寫,層次分明,詳略得當(dāng),重點(diǎn)突出,并附有相關(guān)圖片,讓學(xué)生更好地理解各國的文化淵源和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀?! 〖瓤晒┯⒄Z專業(yè)學(xué)生使用,又可作為英語中高級讀物,供具有一定基礎(chǔ)的英語自學(xué)者和英語愛好者使用。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1Land and PeopleChapter 2EconomyChapter 3Politics and SocietyChapter 4GovernmentChapter 5EducationChapter 6Culture and ReligionChapter 7Roman Britain and the Anglo?SaxonsChapter 8England in the Middle Ages (1066-1485)Chapter 9England under the Tudors (1485-1603)Chapter 10The Stuarts and the Bourgeois RevolutionChapter 11The Industrial RevolutionChapter 12The Victorian Age and the Rising of the Second EmpireChapter 13Britain in the 20th CenturyCanadaChapter 14Canada TodayChapter 15Canada HistoryThe United States of AmericaChapter 16Land and PeopleChapter 17EconomyChapter 18Family and SocietyChapter 19GovernmentChapter 20EducationChapter 21Culture and ReligionChapter 22Colonial AmericaChapter 23The American RevolutionChapter 24Expansion and the Civil WarChapter 25The Gilded AgeChapter 26The Two World Wars and the Great DepressionChapter 27The United States after World War IIAustraliaChapter 28Australia TodayChapter 29Australian HistoryNew ZealandChapter 30New Zealand TodayChapter 31New Zealand History

章節(jié)摘錄

  The religious Reformation in Europe was a great revolution in theChristian ChurCh.It started in 1517 and ended in 1646 with the Treaty ofWestphalia whiCh allowed the politiCal rulers of eaCh state to Choose the formof religious praCtiCe.It permanently ended the supreme power of the Pope overthe Christian ChurCh in Western Europe,and split Europe into two religiOUSCamps:CatholiC and Protestant. A.BaCkground ofthe Reformation During the high Middle Ages,the CatholiC ChurCh reaChed the peak of itspower and wealth.The word“CatholiC”means universal and the CatholiC ChurCh was the only Christian ChurCh in West Europe.Almost everybodybelonged to the CatholiC ChurCh.Those who did not were regarded as heretiCs.TlleY were perseCuted,sometimes even burnt.PolitiCally,the CatholiC ChurCh was almost a super state organization.Spiritually,the Pope was the highest authority in West Europe.The Pope appointed arChbishops in all Countries.Without the Pope’S blessing,a king Could lose his throne.EConomiCally,the CatholiC ChurCh was extremely wealthy.It ColleCted a tax from ChurCh members,known as tithe.Every family paid one tenth of its inCome to the ChurCh.Most of the fund raised from the tithe went to Rome.In addition,riCh people gave gifts to the ChurCh during their lifetime and some left their property to the ChurCh upon their death,hoping this would help their souls to go to heaven faster.  Power and wealth often brought Corruption.The Roman CatholiC ChurCh was no exCeption.By the end of the 15th Century and early 16th Century,the ChurCh was full of problems.Simony was rampant and absenteeism was serious.Some bishops did not visit their bishopriCs for years.Many CleriCs violated the ChurCh prinCiple of CelibaCy and kept ConCubines or prostitutes.In addition,the Clergy was beyond the Control of lay rulers.

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