哈維的心臟

內(nèi)容概要

　　在17世紀(jì)，擔(dān)任過詹姆斯一世和查理一世的醫(yī)生的威廉·哈維，做出了解剖學(xué)領(lǐng)域最偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一，使我們對人體的認(rèn)識發(fā)生了革命性的轉(zhuǎn)變。他發(fā)現(xiàn)血管是一個封閉的系統(tǒng)，由心臟提供的血液在人體內(nèi)做快速的循環(huán)運動。他的發(fā)現(xiàn)推翻了1，500年以來被人們毫不懷疑地接受的觀點，即認(rèn)為血液是由肝臟生成，然后慢慢地被全身消耗的觀點。作者敘述了哈維在文藝復(fù)興時期的藝術(shù)和科學(xué)背景下所取得的重要成就，以及哈維為了倡導(dǎo)自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)所進(jìn)行的艱苦卓絕的斗爭。

書籍目錄

AcknowledgementsDedicationIntroduction1 The Background to Harvey's DiscoveryCalenCalen on, the Heart and BloodHarveyThe RenaissanceVesatiusFabriciusRenaissance ArtRenaissance Art and Anatomy2 Harvey's Discovery of the CirculationDe Motu CordisThe CirculationThe Venous ValvesThe Ligature ExperimentsThe Flow-Rate ExperirnentThe Motion of the HeartThe Pulse and the Heart Valves3 The Nature of Harvey's DiscoveryThe Scientific RevolutionHarvey and AristodeHarvey and QuantifcationHarvey and Mechanical ModelsHarvey and the Natural Magic TraditionHarvey and WitchcraftHarvey and the Scientific Revolulion4 The Reception of Harvey's DiscoveryOpposition to HarveyThe Theory of 'Ebullition'What is Actually Seen?Other ObjectionsThe Dispute with DescartesHarvey's Later WorkConclusionFurther ReadingGlossary

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Vesalius frontispiece is a completely different matter. Here we have a magnificent example of the new use of proportion and perspective， and there are many typical Renaissance devices to draw your eye to the central focal point. So too， the characters have that glorious Renaissance animation to them， of people interested in a quest for knowledge. In the 1493 woodcuts， we can clearly see the division of labour between the professor reading from a text and the barber surgeon actually per-forming the dissection. Dissection also often employed the services of an ostensor （see Figure5b） ， whose job was to point out the parts of the body being referred to by the professor as the barber surgeon laid them bare. Vesalius himself is the central character in his own frontispiece， and he has broken down this division and is both dissecting and teaching. As he did some of his own drawings as well， he has good claims to be considered a Renaissance polymath.Look at the spectators too. In Figure Sb， no one seems particularly interested in the dissection.Perhaps the characters talking to each other are debating points of anatomy， perhaps they are just gossiping， but there is no great animation about them. Compare the Vesalius frontispiece， in which everyone is clamouring0 to see and to learn. That seems representative of the new attitude of the Renaissance. The three large characters in ancient dress in the fore ground are supposed to be ancient Greek an atomists， who are also interested in the new know ledge. Vesalius does not want to break with the ancients， so they are given heroic poses and an important place， but they too wish to learn new things about the body. Vesalius， like so many in the Renaissance， looks back to antiquity whilst at-tempting to push its achievements further forward. The skeleton may be there to emphasise the importance of the bones as the foundation of the body， an important matter for Vesalius in De Fabrica， although it may simply be a typical Renaissance motif as a reminder of man's mortality. Let us now compare a diagram from the pre－Vesalius period （Figure 7） with some of those we can find in De Fabrica （Figures 8 and 9）.　　……

編輯推薦

　　《哈維的心臟：血液循環(huán)的發(fā)現(xiàn)》是以大學(xué)生和研究生為主要對象的科普英語讀物。原書由在英國和新西蘭著名大學(xué)講授科學(xué)史的教師撰寫，英國ICON公司2002年出版。參照我國大學(xué)生的英語水平，本叢書為生詞作了注釋，并對有關(guān)的文化背景和語法難點作了簡短的說明；在每一章前用英文提問，促使讀者有目的地閱讀；在每一章后用中文給出內(nèi)容摘要，幫助讀者準(zhǔn)確理解。本系列叢書從歷史的角度，分析探討了有關(guān)學(xué)科的發(fā)展進(jìn)程，可以幫助讀者以史為鑒，了解科學(xué)演進(jìn)中的有關(guān)情況和問題，懂得科學(xué)的發(fā)展總是充滿了矛盾和斗爭，從而學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)研究的方法，增強克服困難的信心和勇氣。本叢書還有助于大學(xué)英語專業(yè)和其他人文學(xué)科的學(xué)生擴(kuò)展科技知識，提高閱讀科技文章的能力；幫助理工學(xué)科的學(xué)生擴(kuò)展知識面，提高英語閱讀水平；對英語水平較高的高中學(xué)生和廣大英語愛好者也是難得的課外閱讀材料。

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