化學(xué)工程流體流動(dòng)（第1卷A）

前言

這幾乎是我每年進(jìn)行化工原理教學(xué)的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白，也是激勵(lì)我為化學(xué)工程努力工作、為社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)自己一份力量的動(dòng)力。沒(méi)有哪一個(gè)學(xué)科像化學(xué)工程的研究范疇這么寬，研究對(duì)象的尺度變化這么大，從原子、分子研究到年產(chǎn)百萬(wàn)噸、千萬(wàn)噸產(chǎn)品的體系；也沒(méi)有哪一個(gè)工程學(xué)科像化學(xué)工程這樣與科學(xué)結(jié)合和得這樣緊密……所有這一切都給我們無(wú)限的理由要把化學(xué)工程學(xué)好。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《化學(xué)工程流體流動(dòng)（第1卷A）》仍然著重講述動(dòng)量傳遞（如流體流動(dòng)）、熱量傳遞和質(zhì)量傳遞的基本過(guò)程，還包括管殼式換熱器的實(shí)際應(yīng)用以及冷凝塔的操作和性能。應(yīng)讀者請(qǐng)求（包括來(lái)自評(píng)論家鼓勵(lì)性的評(píng)論），書(shū)中還包括了附加的例題及解答?！痘瘜W(xué)工程流體流動(dòng)（第1卷A）》的目的是給學(xué)生們系統(tǒng)提供化學(xué)工程的基本原理。化學(xué)工程操作機(jī)理的物理基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)成了化學(xué)工程技術(shù)的主要特點(diǎn)。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

John Coulson，逝世于1990年1月6日，享年79歲，出生于與教育事業(yè)有緊密聯(lián)系的家庭。他與其孿生兄弟Charles(著名的物理學(xué)家與數(shù)學(xué)家，先他去世)生前都是教授。John本科就讀劍橋大學(xué)，然后轉(zhuǎn)到帝國(guó)理工，學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)工程研究課程——當(dāng)時(shí)取得研究資格的通常方式——然后在那里開(kāi)展填充床的流體流動(dòng)的研究。之后，他成為帝國(guó)理工的副講師，戰(zhàn)時(shí)服役于皇家軍工廠，之后返校成為講師，隨后就任高級(jí)講師。在帝國(guó)理工時(shí)，最初他只能獨(dú)自進(jìn)行本科生最后一年的課程，這是一項(xiàng)要求苛刻的任務(wù)。在此期間，他與Frederick(Ned)Warner合作為英國(guó)化學(xué)工程師協(xié)會(huì)寫(xiě)了“硝基甲苯制造”的模型設(shè)計(jì)習(xí)題。出版了關(guān)于熱量傳遞和蒸發(fā)、蒸餾、液相萃取方面的研究論文，合著了這本《化學(xué)工程》教科書(shū)。他為英國(guó)化學(xué)工程師協(xié)會(huì)做出了卓著的工作，為此1973年獲得了本協(xié)會(huì)頒發(fā)的戴維斯獎(jiǎng)，他還是《化學(xué)工程科學(xué)》雜志顧問(wèn)委員會(huì)的一員，此雜志后來(lái)成為新的Pergamon期刊。

書(shū)籍目錄

1.Units and Dimensions單位和量綱1.1 Introduction概述1.2  Systems of units單位制1.2.1  The centimetre-gram-second(cgs)system厘米-克-秒單位制1.2.2  The metre-kilogram-second(mks system)and the Systeme International'Unites(SI)米-千克-秒單位制和國(guó)際單位制1.2.3  The foot-pound-second(fps)system尺-磅-秒單位制1.2.4  The British engineering system英制工程單位制1.2.5  Non-coherent system employing pound mass and pound force simultaneously同時(shí)使用磅質(zhì)量和磅力的非相干單位制1.2.6  Derived units導(dǎo)出單位1.2.7  Thermal(heat)units熱量單位1.2.8  Molar units摩爾單位1.2.9  Electrical units電學(xué)單位1.3  Conversion of units單位換算1.4  Dimensional analysis量綱分析1.5  Buckingham's Ⅱ：theorem白金漢Ⅱ定理1.6  Redefinition of the length and mass dimensions長(zhǎng)度和質(zhì)量量綱的重新定義1.6.1  Vector and scalar quantities矢量和標(biāo)量1.6.2  Quantity mass and inertia mass實(shí)物質(zhì)量和慣性質(zhì)量1.7  Further reading擴(kuò)展閱讀1.8  References參考文獻(xiàn)1.9 Nomenclature符號(hào)表Part 1  Fluid Flow流體流動(dòng)2.Flow of Fluids——-Energy and Momentum Relationships流體的流動(dòng)一一能量與動(dòng)量的關(guān)系2.1  Introduction概述2.2  Internal energy內(nèi)能2.3  Types of fluid流體的種類2.3.1  The incompressible fluid(1iquid)不可壓縮流體(液體)2.3.2  The ideal gas理想氣體2.3.3  The non-ideal gas非理想氣體2.4  The fluid in motion流動(dòng)的流體2.4.1  Continuity連續(xù)性2.4.2  Momentum changes in a fluid流體的動(dòng)量變化2.4.3  Energy of a fluid in motion流動(dòng)流體的能量2.4.4  Pressure and fluid head壓強(qiáng)和流體壓頭2.4.5  Constant flow per unit area單位面積的恒質(zhì)量流2.4.6 Separation非連續(xù)流體2.5  Pressure-volume relationships壓強(qiáng)-體積的關(guān)系2.5.1  Incompressible fluids不可壓縮流體2.5.2  Compressible fluids可壓縮流體2.6  Rotational or vortex motion in a fluid流體的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)或渦流2.6.1  The forced vortex受迫渦流2.6.2 The free vortex自由渦流2.7  Further reading擴(kuò)展閱讀2.8  References參考文獻(xiàn)2.9  Nomenclature符號(hào)表3.Flow of Liquids in Pipes and Oven Channels流體在管道和開(kāi)放通道中的流動(dòng)3.1  Introduction概述3.2  The nature of fluid flow流體流動(dòng)的性質(zhì)3.2.1  Flow over a surface表面上的流動(dòng)3.2.2  Flow in a pipe管道內(nèi)的流動(dòng)3.3  Newtonian fluids牛頓型流體3.3.1  Shearing characteristics of a Newtonian fluid牛頓型流體的剪應(yīng)特點(diǎn)3.3.2  Pressure drop for flow of Newtonian liquids through a pipe牛頓型流體流過(guò)管道的壓力降3.3.3  Reynolds number and shear stress雷諾數(shù)和剪應(yīng)力3.3.4  Velocity distributions and volumetric flowrates for streamline flow層流流體的速度分布和體積流率3.3.5  The transition from laminar tO turbulent flow in a pipe流體在管道中從層流向湍流的過(guò)渡3.3.6  Velocity distributions and volumetric flowrates for turbulent flow湍流流體的速度分布和體積流率3.3.7  Flow through curved pipes流體流過(guò)彎曲管道3.3.8  Miscellaneous friction losses其他的摩擦損失3.3.9  Flow over banks of tubes壁上的流動(dòng)3.3.10  Flow with a free surface自由表面上的流動(dòng)3.4  Non-Newtonian Fluids非牛頓型流體3.4.1  Steady-state shear-dependent behaviour依賴于剪切的穩(wěn)態(tài)行為3.4.2  Time-dependent behaviour依賴于時(shí)間的行為3.4.3  Viscoelastic behaviour黏性行為3.4.4  Characterisation of non-Newtonian fluids非牛頓型流體的特點(diǎn)3.4.5  Dimensionless characterisation of viscoelastic flows黏性流體的無(wú)量綱特性3.4.6  Relation between rheology and structure of material流變和物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系3.4.7  Streamline flow in pipes and channels of regular geometry流體在管道和規(guī)則幾何形狀通道中的層流3.4.8  Turbulent flow湍流3.4.9  The transition from laminar tO turbulent flow從層流向湍流過(guò)渡3.5  Further reading擴(kuò)展閱讀3.6  References參考文獻(xiàn)3.7  Nomenclature符號(hào)表4.Flow of Compressible Flmds可壓縮流體的流動(dòng)4.1  Introduction概述4.2  Flow of gas through a nozzle or orifice氣體流過(guò)噴嘴或孑L道4.2.1  Isothermal flow等溫流動(dòng)4.2.2  Non-isothermal flow非等溫流動(dòng)4.3  Velocity of propagation of a pressure wave壓力波的速度傳遞4.4  Converging-diverging nozzles for gas flow氣體流過(guò)收斂擴(kuò)散形噴嘴4.4.1  Maximum flow and critical pressure ratio最大流和臨界壓力比4.4.2  The pressure and area for flow流體的壓力和面積4.4.3  Effect of back-pressure on flow in nozzle背壓對(duì)流經(jīng)噴嘴流體的影響4.5  Flow in a pipe流體在管道中的流動(dòng)4.5.1  Energy balance for flow of ideal gas理想氣體流動(dòng)的能量平衡4.5.2  Isothermal flow of an ideal gas in a horizontal pipe在水平管道內(nèi)理想氣體的等溫流動(dòng)4.5.3  Non-isothermal flow of an ideal gas in a horizontal pipe在水平管道內(nèi)理想氣體的非等溫流動(dòng)4.5.4  Adiabatic flow of an ideal gas in a horizontal pipe在水平管道內(nèi)理想氣體的絕熱流動(dòng)4.5.5  Flow of non-ideal gases非理想氣體的流動(dòng)4.6  Shock waves沖擊波4.7  Further reading擴(kuò)展閱讀4.8  References參考文獻(xiàn)4.9 Nomenclature符號(hào)表5.Flow of Multiphase Mixtures多相混合物的流動(dòng)5.1 Introduction概述5.2  Two-phase gas(vapour)-liquid flow氣(汽)-液兩相流動(dòng)5.2.1  Introduction概述5.2.2  Flow regimes and flow patterns流動(dòng)的方式和流動(dòng)的形態(tài)5.2.3  Hold-up氣體滯留量5.2.4  Pressure，momentum，and energy relations壓力、動(dòng)量和能量之間的關(guān)系5.2.5  Erosion腐蝕5.3  Flow of solids-liquid mixtures固-液混合物的流動(dòng)5.3.1  Introduction概述5.3.2  Homogeneous non-settling suspensions均一的非沉降懸浮液5.3.3  Coarse solids大顆粒固體5.3.4  Coarse solids in horizontal flow大顆粒固體的水平流動(dòng)5.3.5  Coarse solids in vertical flow大顆粒固體的垂直流動(dòng)5.4  Flow of gas-solids mixtures氣-固混合物的流動(dòng)5.4.1  General considerations基本概念5.4.2  Horizontal transport水平傳輸5.4.3  Vertical transport垂直傳輸5.4.4 Practical applications實(shí)際應(yīng)用5.5  Further reading擴(kuò)展閱讀5.6  References參考文獻(xiàn)5.7  Nomenclature符號(hào)表6.Flow and Pressure Measurement流動(dòng)和壓力的測(cè)量6.1  Introduction概述6.2  Fluid pressure流體壓力6.2.1  Static pressure靜壓6.2.2  Pressure measuring devices壓力測(cè)量?jī)x器6.2.3  Pressure signal transmission——the differential pressure cell壓力信號(hào)傳輸一一壓差單元6.2.4  Intelligent pressure transmitters智能壓力傳感器6.2.5  Impact pressure沖擊壓力6.3  Measurement of fluid flow流體流動(dòng)的測(cè)量6.3.1  The pitot tube畢托管6.3.2  Measurement by flow through a constriction借助流體流經(jīng)縮喉的流量測(cè)量6.3.3  The orifice meter孔板流量計(jì)6.3.4  The nozzle管口流量計(jì)6.3.5  The venturi meter文丘里管6.3.6  Pressure recovery in orifice-type meters孔板式流量計(jì)壓力的恢復(fù)6.3.7  Variable area meters——rotameters變截面積流量計(jì)一一轉(zhuǎn)子流量計(jì)6.3.8  The notch or weir堰6.3.9  Other methods of measuring flowrates測(cè)量流速的其他方法6.4  Further reading擴(kuò)展閱讀6.5  References參考文獻(xiàn)6.6  Nomenclature符號(hào)表7.Liquid Mixing液體混合7.1  Introduction——types of mixing概述一一混合的種類7.1.1  Single-phase liquid mixing單相液體混合7.1.2  Mixing of immiscible liquids不互溶液體的混合7.1.3  Gas-liquid mixing氣-液混合7.1.4  Liquid-solids mixing液-固混合7.1.5  Gas-liquid-solids mixing氣-液-固混合7.1.6  Solids-solids miXin8固-固混合7.1.7  Miscellaneous mixing applications多種混合的運(yùn)用7.2  Mixing mechanisms混合機(jī)理7.2.1  Laminar mixing層流混合7.2.2  Turbulent mixing湍流混合7.3  Scale-up of stirred vessels攪拌容器的放大7.4  Power consumption in stirred vessels攪拌容器的能量消耗7.4.1  Low viscosity systems低黏度體系7.4.2  High viscosity systems高黏度體系7.5  Flow patterns in stirred tanks攪拌容器中的流動(dòng)形式7.6  Rate and time for mixing混合的速率和時(shí)間7.7  Mixing equipment攪拌器7.7.1  Mechanical agitation機(jī)械混合7.7.2  P0rtable mixers移動(dòng)式混合器7.7.3  Extruders擠壓機(jī)7.7.4  Static mixers靜態(tài)混合器7.7.5  Other types of mixer其他形式的混合器7.8  Mixing in continuous systems連續(xù)體系的混合7.9  Further reading擴(kuò)展閱讀7.10  References參考文獻(xiàn)7.11  Nomenclature符號(hào)表8.Pumping of Fluids流體的泵送8.1  Introduction概述8.2  Pumping equipment for liquids液體的泵送設(shè)備8.2.1  Reciprocating pump往復(fù)泵8.2.2  Positive-displacement rotary pumps回轉(zhuǎn)式正位移泵8.2.3  The centrifugal pump離心泵8.3  Pumping equipment for gases氣體的輸送設(shè)備8.3.1  Fams and rotary compressors鼓風(fēng)機(jī)和回轉(zhuǎn)壓縮機(jī)8.3.2  Centrifugal and turboeompressors離心式和渦輪壓縮機(jī)8.3.3  The reciprocating piston compressor正位移壓縮機(jī)8.3.4  Power required for the compression of gases壓縮氣體需要的能量8.4  The use of compressed air for pumping使用壓縮氣體進(jìn)行輸送8.4.1  The airlift pump氣升泵8.5  VaCHUm pumps真空泵8.6  Power requirements for pumping through pipelines管道輸送流體需要的能量8.6.1  Liquids液體8.6.2  Gases氣體8.7  Further reading擴(kuò)展閱讀8.8  References參考文獻(xiàn)8.9  Nomenclature符號(hào)說(shuō)明

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