化學(xué)化工專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

前言

　　隨著社會(huì)對(duì)化學(xué)化工專業(yè)技術(shù)人才素質(zhì)要求的提高，具備化工專業(yè)知識(shí)技能并掌握化工專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的技術(shù)人才越來(lái)越受到企業(yè)尤其是中外合資企業(yè)的歡迎。為適應(yīng)新時(shí)期高職高專化工專業(yè)對(duì)學(xué)生的能力培養(yǎng)和綜合素質(zhì)的要求，特編寫(xiě)該書(shū)?！　【帉?xiě)過(guò)程中努力體現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)?！　。?）所選內(nèi)容盡量通俗易懂，突出職業(yè)教育特色，適合高職學(xué)生使用。　?。?）所選內(nèi)容適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，覆蓋面寬，有助于學(xué)生閱讀科技英語(yǔ)水平和專業(yè)技能水平的提高。主要內(nèi)容包括化工分析、化工單元操作過(guò)程、化工設(shè)備、石油化工、精細(xì)化工、高分子化工、煤化工等。附錄中設(shè)有常見(jiàn)酸堿鹽、有機(jī)物的英文名稱，常用英文化學(xué)分子式、方程式及數(shù)學(xué)式的讀法，化學(xué)學(xué)科中的詞綴、化學(xué)元素表、專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的翻譯方法和技巧等。　?。?）對(duì)課文中出現(xiàn)的化工技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)、操作用語(yǔ)等都進(jìn)行了注釋。習(xí)題及閱讀理解部分都強(qiáng)調(diào)了學(xué)生對(duì)化工專業(yè)技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)及操作用語(yǔ)的掌握?！　〈髴c職業(yè)學(xué)院張榮老師擔(dān)任本書(shū)主編，并編寫(xiě)了Unit1～Unit 3、附錄A～附錄E。遼寧科技學(xué)院鄢景森老師擔(dān)任主編，并編寫(xiě)了Unit 8、Unit 15、Unit 16、附錄F；廣東紡織職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院郭俊旺老師編寫(xiě)了Unit4～unit 7、Unit 12、Unit 13；遼寧科技學(xué)院崔紹波老師編寫(xiě)了Unit 10；河南城建學(xué)院王要令老師編寫(xiě)了Unit 9、Unit 11、Unit 14。在本書(shū)編寫(xiě)過(guò)程中，北京化工大學(xué)于運(yùn)花教授給予了悉心指導(dǎo)，并提供了許多寶貴的建議，在此表示感謝。　　本教材涉及內(nèi)容廣，因編者水平有限，疏漏和不妥之處在所難免，懇請(qǐng)讀者提出寶貴意見(jiàn)，以便完善。

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)主要內(nèi)容包括化工分析、化工單元操作過(guò)程、化工設(shè)備、石油化工、精細(xì)化工、高分子化工、煤化工等。選文側(cè)重于實(shí)際工藝及技術(shù)操作，將基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)與工程實(shí)際相結(jié)合。附錄中設(shè)有常見(jiàn)酸堿鹽、有機(jī)物的英文名稱，常用英文化學(xué)分子式、方程式及數(shù)學(xué)式的讀法，化學(xué)學(xué)科中的詞綴、化學(xué)元素表、專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的翻譯方法和技巧等。    本書(shū)可作為高職高專院?；瘜W(xué)化工專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教材，也可供相關(guān)人員參考使用。

書(shū)籍目錄

Unit 1  Titrimetric AnalysisUnit 2  Acid—base TitrationUnit 3  Precipitation TitrationUnit 4  Concept ofUnit OperationUnit 5  Fluid MechanicsUnit 6  PumpsUnit 7  Heat TransferUnit 8  Petroleum Refining ProcessUnit 9  Introduction to Instrumental AnalysisUnit 10  Petroleum AnalysisUnit 11  Infrared Absorption SpectroscopyUnit 12  MacroemulsionsUnit 13  Micelle FormationUnit 14  Chemical Instrumentation and Process ControlUnit 15  Fischer-Tropsch SynthesisUnit 16  Green Chemistry附錄A  常見(jiàn)酸堿鹽附錄B  常見(jiàn)有機(jī)物附錄C  常用英文化學(xué)分子式、方程式及數(shù)學(xué)式的讀法附錄D  化學(xué)學(xué)科中的詞綴附錄E  化學(xué)元素表附錄F  專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的翻譯方法和技巧參考文獻(xiàn)

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Measurement　　The predominant methods of measuring the properties of petroleum products are covered by approximately seven test methods that are used in the determination of bulk quantities of liquid petroleum and its products.　　Testing for suspended water and sediment is used primarily with fuel oils， where appreciableamounts of water and sediment may cause fouling of facilities for handling the oil and give troublein burner mechanisms. Three standard methods are available for this determination. The centrifuge method gives the total water and sediment content of the sample by volume， the distillation method gives the water only， volumetrically， and the extraction method gives the solid sediment in percentage by weight.　　The determination of density or specific gravity in the measurement and calculation of volume of petroleum products is important because gravity is an index of the weight of a measured volume of the product. Two scales are in use in the petroleum industry， specific gravity and API gravity， the determination being made in each case by means of a hydrometer of constant weight displacing avariable volume of oil. The reading obtained depends on both the gravity and the temperature of theoil.　　Gauging petroleum products involves the use of procedures for determining the liquid contents of tanks， ships and barges， tank cars， and tank trucks. Depth of liquid is determined by gauging through specified hatches or by reading gauge glasses or other devices. There are two basic types of gauges， in nage and outage. The procedures used depend on the type of tank to be gauged， its equip ment， and the gauging apparatus.[6]　　An in nage gauge is the depth of liquid in a tank measured from the surface of the liquid to the tank bottom or to a datum plate attached to the shell or bottom. The in nage gauge is used directly with the tank calibration table and the temperature of the product to calculate the volume of the product. On the other hand， an outage gauge is the distance between the surface of the product in the tank and the reference point above the surface， which is usually located in the gauging hatch. Theoutage gauge is used either directly or indirectly with the tank calibration table and the temperature of the product to calculate the volume of product. The amount of any flee water and sediment in the bottom of the tank is also gauged so that corrections can be made when calculating the net volume of the crude oil or petroleum product.　　There are also procedures for determining the temperatures of petroleum and its products when in a liquid state. Temperatures are deter minedat specified locations in tanks， ships and barges， tank cars， and tank trucks. For a non-pressure tank， a temperature is obtained by lowering a tank thermometer of proper range through the gauging hatch to the specified liquid level. After the entirethermometer assembly has had time to attain the temperature of the product， the thermometer is withdrawn and read quickly. This procedure is also used for low-pressure tanks equipped with gauging hatches or standpipes and for any pressure tank that has a pressure lock. For tanks equipped with thermometer wells， temperatures are obtained by reading thermometers placed in the wells with their bulbs at the desired tank levels.

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