土木工程專業(yè)英語

前言

　　教育可理解為教書與育人。所謂教書，不外乎是教給學生科學知識、技術(shù)方法和運作技能等，教學生以安身之本。所謂育人，則要教給學生做人道理，提升學生的人文素質(zhì)和科學精神，教學生以立命之本。我們教育工作者應該從中華民族振興的歷史使命出發(fā)，來從事教書與育人工作。作為教育本源之一的教材，必然要承載教書和育人的雙重責任，體現(xiàn)兩者的高度結(jié)合?！　≈袊?jīng)濟建設高速持續(xù)發(fā)展，國家對各類建筑人才需求日增，對高校土建類高素質(zhì)人才培養(yǎng)提出了新的要求，從而對土建類教材建沒也提出了新的要求。這套教材正是為了適應當今時代對高層次建設人才培養(yǎng)的需求而編寫的?！　∫徊亢玫慕滩膽摪讶宋乃刭|(zhì)和科學精神的培養(yǎng)放在重要位置。教材中不僅要從內(nèi)容上體現(xiàn)人文素質(zhì)教育和科學精神教育，而且還要從科學嚴謹性、法規(guī)權(quán)威性、工程技術(shù)創(chuàng)新性來啟發(fā)和促進學生科學世界觀的形成。簡而言之，這套教材有以下特點?！　∫环矫?，從指導思想來講，這套教材注意到“六個面向”，即面向社會需求、面向建筑實踐、面向人才市場、面向教學改革、面向?qū)W生現(xiàn)狀、面向新興技術(shù)?！　《矫?，教材編寫體系有所創(chuàng)新。結(jié)合具有土建類學科特色的教學理論、教學方法和教學模式，這套教材進行了許多新的教學方式的探索，如引入案例式教學、研討式教學等。　　三方面，這套教材適應現(xiàn)在教學改革發(fā)展的要求，提倡所謂“寬口徑、少學時”的人才培養(yǎng)模式。在教學體系、教材編寫內(nèi)容和數(shù)量等方面也做了相應改變，而且教學起點也可隨著學生水平做相應調(diào)整。同時，在這套教材編寫中，特別重視人才的能力培養(yǎng)和基本技能培養(yǎng)，適應土建專業(yè)特別強調(diào)實踐性的要求?！　∥覀兿Ｍ@套教材能有助于培養(yǎng)適應社會發(fā)展需要的、素質(zhì)全面的新型工程建設人才。我們也相信這套教材能達到這個目標，從形式到內(nèi)容都成為精品，為教師和學生，以及專業(yè)人士所喜愛。

內(nèi)容概要

　　全書共有30課，分為建筑與結(jié)構(gòu)力學，建筑與管理工程、橋梁和道路工程、地基基礎、港口工程等幾個部分。每課由正文、詞匯與詞組、注釋、課后習題和課后閱讀材料等組成，有助于讀者掌握和鞏固各方向?qū)I(yè)英語詞匯和表達技巧。

書籍目錄

LESSON 1 STRESS AND STRAIN
LESSON 2 STRESSES IN COLUMNS
LESSON 3 STRUCTURAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY
LESSON 4 WIND LOAD ON BUILDING
LESSON 5 SERVICEABILITY
LESSON 6 GENERALCHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT
STRUCTURES
LESSON 7 CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS
LESSON 8 FORCE METHOD OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
LESSON 9 PLASTIC HINGES AND COLLAPSE MECHANISMS
LESSON 10 REINFORCEMENT IN RECTANGULAR RC BEAMS
LESSON 11 INTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNS
LESSON 12 EFFECTIVE LENGTHS OF COLUMNS
LESSON 13 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF CONCRETE BUILDING
LESSON 14 STIFFNESS AND DRIFT LIMITATIONS OF TALL BUILDING
LESSON 15 SOURCES OF PRESTRESS FORCE
LESSON 16 PRESTRESSING STEELS
LESSON 17 LOSS OF PRESTRESS
LESSON 18 TYPES OF BRIDGES
LESSON 19 SUBSTRUCTURE ELEMENTS OF BRIDGE
LESSON 20 SOIL PROPERTIES
LESSON 21 FOUNDATION ENGINEERING INTRODUCTION
LESSON 22 PILES
LESSON 23 RETAINING WALL
LESSON 24 CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
LESSON 25 THE PROCEDURE OF THE CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT
LESSON 26 CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTRACTS
LESSON 27 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
LESSON 28 TIDES
LESSON 29 HARBOR PLANNING
LESSON 30 WHARVES AND PIERS
附錄
參考文獻

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Force method of analysis is one of the basic methods of analysis of structures. It isproposed to outline the primary procedure in this paper.　　Description of method　　First of all, the degree of statical indeterminacy is determined. A number of releasesequal to the degree of indeterminacy is now introduced, each release being made by theremoval of an external or an internal force. The releases must be chosen so that theremaining structure is stable and statically determinate. However in some cases thenumber of releases can be less than the degree of indeterminacy, provided the remainingstatically indeterminate structure is so simple that it can be readily analyzed. In allcases, the released forces, which are also called redundant forces, should be carefullychosen so that the released structure is easy to analyze.　　The releases introduce inconsistencies in displacements, and as a second step theseinconsistencies or "errors" in the released structure are determined. In other words, wecalculate the magnitude of the "errors" in the displacements corresponding to theredundant forces. These displacements may be due to external applied loads, settlementof supports, or temperature variation.　　The third step consists of a determination of the displacements in the releasedstructure due to unit values of the redundants （cf. Figs.8-1 d and e）. These displacementsare required at the same location and in the same direction as the error in displacementsdetermined in step 2.　　The values of the redundant forces necessary to eliminate the errors in thedisplacements are now determined. This requires the writing of superposition equationsin which the effects of the separate redundants are added to the displacements of thereleased structure.　　Hence, we find the forces on the original indeterminate structure： they are the sumof the correction forces （redundants） and forces on the released structure.　　This brief descriplion of the application of the force method will now be illustratedby an example.

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