英美文學(xué)簡明教程

前言

　　文學(xué)教學(xué)是語言教學(xué)中十分重要的一部分，它不僅可以幫助學(xué)生拓寬視野，提高分析鑒賞能力，而且可以熏陶學(xué)生的思想情操，加強(qiáng)他們對人類社會的認(rèn)識與了解。教育部新近修訂的《高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)教學(xué)大綱》指出：文學(xué)課程的目的在于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀、理解、欣賞英語文學(xué)原著的能力，掌握文學(xué)批評的基本知識和方法；通過閱讀和分析英美文學(xué)作品，促進(jìn)學(xué)生語言基本功和人文素質(zhì)的提高，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對西方文學(xué)及文化的了解。　　《英美文學(xué)簡明教程》的出版正是為了這一目的。在教材編寫過程中，我們廣泛比較了國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有的同類教材，按照選取適合學(xué)生閱讀又具代表性的常見作品為原則，并結(jié)合編者自己多年的教學(xué)和研究體會，以英美文學(xué)發(fā)展的歷史為順序，編選了各個歷史時期主要作家的代表作品。在體裁上，我們注意了詩歌、小說、戲劇與散文的適當(dāng)比例。每章的內(nèi)容包括歷史文化背景、作者簡介、作品選讀、注釋和思考題等。　　《英美文學(xué)簡明教程》是普通高等院校英語專業(yè)教材，也可供獨立學(xué)院、教育學(xué)院、廣播電視大學(xué)、成人高等教育及社會上英語自學(xué)者學(xué)習(xí)使用。與《英美文學(xué)選讀》（張伯香主編，1998年外語教學(xué)與研究出版社出版）相比，本教程吸收了近幾年國內(nèi)外英美文學(xué)研究的最新成果，擴(kuò)大了入選作者，大幅調(diào)整了選讀作品，增加了學(xué)習(xí)思考題，從而使教材內(nèi)容更加充實，語言敘述更加簡明，選讀作品的難度也相對降低；我們相信這將更加有利于學(xué)生的理解與掌握。為方便英語專業(yè)教學(xué)計劃的執(zhí)行，我們將本教程分為上、下兩冊：上冊為英國文學(xué)，下冊為美國文學(xué)，意在用一年的課時，通過閱讀原汁原味的英美詩歌、小說、戲劇和散文作品，讓學(xué)生對英美文學(xué)發(fā)展的歷史脈絡(luò)、各個時期的主要文學(xué)流派及其創(chuàng)作特點有一個基本的了解，從而提高學(xué)生對文學(xué)作品的感受能力、分析能力和鑒賞能力?！　　队⒚牢膶W(xué)簡明教程》的問世與華中科技大學(xué)出版社領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)心與支持密不可分，更是楊鷗等編輯們辛勤勞動的結(jié)晶。在此，我謹(jǐn)代表所有編者向他們表示誠摯的謝意。　　參加《英美文學(xué)簡明教程》上冊編寫工作的有江寶珠、余永鋒、何潔、路璐、姚嵐、鄒凌等老師，參加下冊編寫工作的有左廣明、劉壟、鄢暢、雪蓮、楊開杰、黃守剛等老師，他們在選材、撰稿、注釋、錄入、校對等方面做了大量的工作。全書的內(nèi)容設(shè)計、章節(jié)安排、文字修改和最后的通讀定稿都由主編負(fù)責(zé)。由于多人執(zhí)筆，風(fēng)格難以統(tǒng)一，各種錯漏也在所難免，敬請廣大讀者批評指正。

內(nèi)容概要

本書廣泛比較了國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有同類教材，吸收了近幾年國內(nèi)外美國文學(xué)研究的最新成果，按照選取適合學(xué)生閱讀又具代表性的常見作品為原則，并結(jié)合編者自己多年的教學(xué)和研究體會，以美國文學(xué)發(fā)展的歷史為順序，編選了各個歷史時期主要作家的代表作品。在體裁上，注意了詩歌、小說、戲劇與散文的適當(dāng)比例。每章的內(nèi)容包括歷史文化背景、作者簡介、作品選讀、注釋和思考題等；與其他同類書相比，本書擴(kuò)大了入選作者，調(diào)整了選讀作品，增加了學(xué)習(xí)思考題，從而使教材內(nèi)容更加充實，語言敘述更加簡明，選讀作品的難度也相對降低，這將有利于學(xué)生的理解與掌握。本書為普通高等院校英語專業(yè)教材，也可供獨立學(xué)院、教育學(xué)院、廣播電視大學(xué)、成人高等教育及社會上英語自學(xué)者學(xué)習(xí)使用。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1 The Literature of the Colonial Period　1.1  An Introduction　1.2 Anne Bradstreet ( 1612 -- 1672)　　"To My Dear and Loving Husband"　1.3 Edward Taylor (1542 -- 1729)　　"Huswifery"Chapter 2 The Literature of the Revolutionary Period    2.1  An Introduction    2.2 Benjamin Franklin (1706 -- 1790)　　An Excerpt from Chapter VIII of The Autobiography    2.3 Patrick Henry ( 1736 -- 1799)　　Speech in the Virginia Convention    2.4  Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 -- 1826)　　Declaration of IndependenceChapter 3 The Literature of the Romantic Period　3.1  An Introduction　3.2  Washington Irving (1783 -- 1859)　　An Excerpt from Rip Van Winkle　3.3  Edgar Allan Poe (1809 -- 1849)  　　"To Helen"　　"Annabel Lee"　3.4  Henry David Thoreau ( 1817 -- 1852)  　　An Excerpt from Wa/den　3.5  Nathartiel Hawthorne ( 1804 -- 1854)　　Chapter 23 from The Scarlet Letter　3.6  Herman Melville (1819-- 1891)　　An Excerpt from Chapter 41 of Moby-Dick　3.7  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ( 1807 --1882)　　"A Psalm of Life"　3.8 Walt Whitman (1819 -- 1892)　　Excerpts from "Song of Myself "　3.9  Emily Dickinson ( 1830 -- 1886)　　"I'm Nobody! Who are You?"　　"Success is counted sweetest"　　"Because I could not stop for Death"Chapter 4 The Literature of the Realistic Period  　4.1  An Introduction　4.2 Mark Twain ( 1835 -- 1910)　　An Excerpt from Chapter 19 of Huckleberry Finn　4.3  O. Henry ( 1862 -- 1910)　　"The Cop and the Anthem"    4.4  Henry James (1843 -- 1916)　　An Excerpt from Chapter 1 of The Portrait of a Lady　4.5  Theodore Dreiser (1871 -- 1945)  　　An Excerpt from Chapter 47 of Sister Carrie　4.6  Robert Frost ( 1874 --1963)　　"Fire and Ice"　　"Nothing Gold Can Stay"　　"The Road Not Taken"　　"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"Chapter 5  The Literature of the Modecmlst Period　5.1  An Introduction　5.2  Ezra Pound ( 1885 -- 1972)　　"In a Station of the Metro"　　"A Pact"　5.3  William Carlos Williams (1883 -- 1963)　　"The Red Wheelbarrow"　　"Spring and All"    　5.4  Langston Hughes ( 1902 -- 1967)  　　"Dreams"　　"Cross"　5.5 E. E. Cummings (1894- 1962)  " 　　"Your Little Voice"　5.6  Ernest Hemingway ( 1899 -- 1961 )  　　"Indian Camp"　5.7  F. Scott Fitzgerald ( 1896 -- 1940)  　　An Excerpt from Chapter 3 of The Great Gatsby　5.8  William Faulkner ( 1897 -- 1962)  　　 "The Bear"　5.9  Eugene O'Neill (1888 -- 1953)  　　An Excerpt from ACT 2, SCENE II of Long Day's Journey into NightChapter 6 The Literature since World War II 　6.1  An Introduction　6.2  Saul Bellow ( 1915 -- 2005)　　An Excerpt from Seize the Day　6.3 ArChttr Miller ( 1915 -- 2005)　　An Excerpt from Act II Of The Death of a Salesman　6.4 J. D. Salinger (19i9 -- )　　An Excerpt from Chapters 21 of The Catcher in the Rye　6.5 Allen Ginsberg ( 1926 -- 1997)　　An Excerpt from "Howl"　6.6 Sylvia Plath ( 1932 -- 1963)　　 "Daddy"  References

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The phase of New England Transcendentalism is the summit of American Romanticism.It was, in essence, romanticism on Puritan soil. This transcendental movement, based on afundamental belief in the tmity of the world and God, was first flourished in New Englandfrom the 1830s to the Civil War. Transcendentalism emphasized the power of intuition,believing that people could learn things both from the outside world by means of the fivesenses and from the inner world by intuition. As romantic idealism, it placed spirit first andmatter second. It believed that spirit transcended matter, and the permanent reality was thespiritual one. It took nature as symbolic of spirit of God. All things in nature were symbols ofthe spiritual, of Gods presence. It believed that the individual was the most importantelement in society and that the ideal kind of individual was serf-reliant and unselfish.Transcendentalism was also an ethical guide to life for the young nation of America. Itpreached the positive life and appealed to the best side of human nature. Therefore, itadvocated the tolerance of difference in religious opinion and the free control of its ownaffairs by each congregation, and to go forward to the development of a new and distinctlyAmerican culture. The two greatest advocates of the movement were Ralph Waldo Emersonand Henry David Thoreau　　In this romantic period, there came up a great number of important writers, amongwhom the better known are poets such as Philip Freneau, William Cullen Bryant, HenryWordsworth Longfellow, Edgar Ellen Poe, and, especially, Walt Whitman, whose Leaves ofGrass established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century. The fiction ofthe American Romantic period is an original and diverse body of work. It ranges from thecomic fables of Washington Irving to the Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe, from the frontieradventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville, from thepsychological romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca HardingDavis. American Romanticists also differed in their understanding of human nature. To thetranscendentalists such as Emerson and Thoreau, man is divine in nature and thereforeforever perfectible; but to Hawthorne and Melville, everybody is potentially a sinner, andgreat moral courage is therefore essential for the improvement of human nature, as is shownin Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter

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