劍橋雅思閱讀高分指南

內(nèi)容概要

　　本書以作者獨(dú)創(chuàng)的“深入淺出閱讀法”為編寫理念，為雅思考生講授高效實(shí)用的閱讀必備技巧和雅思閱讀九大題型分類破解方法，使考生不僅能夠贏得雅思閱讀高分，還能成為英語(yǔ)閱讀達(dá)人。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

高德立，環(huán)球雅思國(guó)際英語(yǔ)學(xué)校（廣州校區(qū)）閱讀主講、啟德雅思名譽(yù)校長(zhǎng)，留美碩士、英語(yǔ)碩士生導(dǎo)師。從事多年英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和雅思培訓(xùn)工作，洞察中國(guó)雅思考生的弱點(diǎn)，獨(dú)創(chuàng)“深入淺出閱讀法”。注重技能培養(yǎng)，是“激勵(lì)派”雅思教學(xué)專家，素有“閱讀高人”之稱。深受學(xué)生喜愛，是雅思培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)最權(quán)威的中國(guó)教師之一。

書籍目錄

閱讀技巧學(xué)習(xí)篇 　尋讀——提取細(xì)節(jié)信息快捷方便 　略讀——提取總體信息迅速準(zhǔn)確 　學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法——甩掉詞匯包袱事半功倍 　弄清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系——克服思維障礙，句子結(jié)構(gòu)一通百通 　把握上下文線索——邏輯推斷連猜帶蒙 　注意指代關(guān)系——理解文本的有機(jī)聯(lián)系 　關(guān)注連接詞——弄清句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，樹立整體觀念 　重述和推斷——熟悉結(jié)構(gòu)與詞語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換，提高推斷能力 　事實(shí)和論點(diǎn)——提高理解與辨別事實(shí)和論點(diǎn)的能力 雅思閱讀考試實(shí)踐篇 　雅思A類和G類閱讀技巧和測(cè)試要求 　雅思閱讀文本信息性質(zhì)分析和閱讀題型歸類 　雅思閱讀九類題型分類破解——提取單個(gè)信息的題型 　雅思閱讀九類題型分類破解——提取組團(tuán)信息的題型 　雅思閱讀九類題型破解——提取整篇信息的題型

章節(jié)摘錄

　　4 In 1816 John McAdam observed that it was the native soil that supported the weight of traffic which,when dry, would carry any weight without sinking. He advised that the native soil be made dry and a coveringimpenetrable to rain be placed over it. However, road maintenance was not given much priority due to the popularityof the railways, until the motor car superseded the horse and cart. Cars, however, accentuated the problem of dust,described by the medical journai The Lancet in 1907 as "the greatest modem plague".　　5 Like so many other scientific advances, the solution came by accident. Tar mixed with stone had beenused in footpaths in certain parts of Britain in 1832, and tarred gravel was applied to roads in Nottingham in 1869,but the biggest breakthrough came in 1901. A surveyor called E. Purnell Hooley was visiting Derby Iron Worksnear Derby when he noticed a dust-free length of road produced by a burst tar barrel. The resulting pool of tar hadbeen covered with ironworks slag. Hooley experimented with blending hot slag and tar as a byproduct from thecoal industry and in 1902 patented the process produced by a company known as Tar MacAdam Syndicate Ltd. Thecompanys name was later changed to Tarmac.　　6 Nowadays, blacktop materials are made up of bitumen from oil which is blended with rock, gravel or slag.A number of varieties have evolved for different uses in road construction, including hot-rolled asphalt forsurfacing major roads, dense bitumen macadam for lower layers of a road and open-textured macadam.Modern surfaces are bituminous-bound, graded stone supplied as a premix. Binders themselves have undergonetechnical developments. They are customised, ranging from soft to very hard to suit the traffic flow.　　7 To accommodate higher traffic levels, either the thickness of the road must be increased or the materialsimproved. Hence the introduction within the last 10 years of heavy duty macadam in the road base which is threetimes as stiff as the dense bitumen and aggregate mix.　　8 Alternatively, the structural design can be changed. For example, on an experimental reconstructionsection of the M6 at Bescot, West Midlands, the heavy duty "upside-down design" was introduced in the 1980s.Here, rolled asphalt overlays a thinner than normal road-base macadam, over a second rolled asphalt layer, all ofwhich lie on a sub-base which is again thinner than normal. This structure is thought to perform well due to thelower rolled asphalt layer being more resistant to deformation and inhibiting cracking at the bottom of the road base.　　9 Another innovative idea is the use of geotextiles. In research geotextiles are being placed between the sub-grade soil and a drainage layer beneath the sub-base. The subgrade material is often clay and in the absence of thegeotextile could, over time, clog the sub-base and reduce its efficiency as a drainage layer. But geotextiles can alsohave structural uses, and could provide improved resistance to cracking arid rutting in roads.

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