君主論

內(nèi)容概要

《君主論》論述了君主應(yīng)該怎樣進(jìn)行統(tǒng)治和維持，作者認(rèn)為軍隊(duì)是一切國家的主要基礎(chǔ)，君主要擁有自己的軍隊(duì)，并應(yīng)靠殘暴和訛詐取勝。君王在統(tǒng)治之時(shí)要以實(shí)力原則，不擇手段去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目的，同時(shí)要效法狐貍與獅子，同時(shí)擁有狐貍的狡猾和獅子的勇猛?！毒髡摗繁环Q為邪惡的圣經(jīng)，是很多君主的床頭或身上必帶書。

作者簡介

作者：(意大利)馬基雅維利(Nicolo Machiavelli)
尼可羅·馬基亞維利（公元1469-1527年）意大利政治思想家和歷史學(xué)家。他是意大利文藝復(fù)興中的重要人物，尤其是他所寫下的《君主論》一書提出了現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的政治理論、以及《論李維》一書中的共和主義理論。

書籍目錄

Introduction
Dedication
Chapter 1 How Many Kinds of Principalities There Are, and by What
Means They Are Acquired
Chapter 2 Concerning Hereditary Principalities
Chapter 3 Concerning Mixed Principalities
Chapter 4 Why the Kingdom of Darius, Conquered by Alexander, Did
Not Rebel Against the Successors of Alexander at His Death
Chapter 5 Concerning the Way to Govern Cities or Principalities
Which Lived Under Their Own Laws Before They Were Annexed
Chapter 6 Concerning New Principalities Which Are Acquired by One's
Own Arms and Ability
Chapter 7 Concerning New Principalities Which Are Acquired Either
by the Arms of Others or by Good Fortune
Chapter 8 Concerning Those Who Have Obtained a Principality by
Wickedness
Chapter 9 Concerning a Civil Principality
Chapter 10 Concerning the Way in Which the Strength of All
Principalities Ought to Be Measured
Chapter 11 Concerning Ecclesiastical Principalities
Chapter 12 How Many Kinds of Soldiery There Are, and Concerning
Mercenaries
Chapter 13 Concerning Auxiliaries, Mixed Soldiery, and One's
Own
Chapter 14 That Which Concerns a Prince on the Subject of the Art
of War
Chapter 15 Concerning Things for which Men, and Especially Princes,
Are Praised or Blamed
Chapter 16 Concerning Liberality and Meanness
Chapter 17 Concerning Cruelty and Clemency, and Whether It Is
Better to Be Loved Than Feared
Chapter 18 Concerning the Way in Which Princes Should Keep
Faith
Chapter 19 That One Should Avoid Being Despised and Hated
Chapter 20 Are Fortresses, and Many Other Things to Which Princes
Often Resort, Advantageous or Hurtful?
Chapter 21 How a Prince Should Conduct Himself So as to Gain
Renown
Chapter 22 Concerning the Secretaries of Princes
Chapter 23 How Flatterers Should Be Avoided
Chapter 24 Why the Princes of Italy Have Lost Their States
Chapter 25 What Fortune Can Effect in Human Affairs and How to
Withstand Her
Chapter 26 An Exhortation to Liberate Italy from the Barbarians

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Before Machiavelli had got "The Prince" off his hands he com-menced his "Discourse on the First Decade of Titus Livius," whichshould be read concurrently with "The Prince." These and severalminor works occupied him until the year 1518, when he accepted asmall commission to look after the affairs of some Florentine mer-chants at Genoa. In 1519 the Medicean rulers of Florence granted afew political concessions to her citizens, and Machiavelli with oth-ers was consulted upon a new constitution under which the GreatCouncil was to be restored; but on one pretext or another it was notpromulgated. In 1520 the Florentine merchants again had recourse to Machi-avelli to settle their difficulties with Lucca, but this year was chieflyremarkable for his re-entry into Florentine literary society, wherehe was much sought after, and also for the production of his "Art ofWar." It was in the same year that he received a commission at theinstance of Cardinal de Medici to write the "History of Florence,"a task which occupied him until 1525. His return to popular favourmay have determined the Medici to give him this employment, foran old writer observes that "an able statesman out of work, like ahuge whale, will endeavour to overturn the ship unless he has anempty cask to play with." When the "History of Florence" was finished, Machiavelli tookit to Rome for presentation to his patron, Giuliano de Medici, whohad in the meanwhile become pope under the title of Clement VII.It is somewhat remarkable that, as, in 1513, Machiavelli had written"The Prince" for the instruction of the Medici after they had justregained power in Florence, so, in 1525, he dedicated the "Historyof Florence" to the head of the family when its ruin was now athand. In that year the battle of Pavia destroyed the French rule inItaly.

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