制勝新托福閱讀

內(nèi)容概要

本系列圖書(shū)主要特點(diǎn)：　　全新的托福訓(xùn)練材料　　詳細(xì)介紹新托?？荚?，全面收錄考試題型，提供科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)試方案和解題技巧；　　提供大量典型例題、專項(xiàng)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練和兩套完整的模擬試題；　　對(duì)口語(yǔ)測(cè)試的逐步講解和技巧分析可幫助考生順利通過(guò)個(gè)人陳述和雙向交流部分的測(cè)試；　　所有練習(xí)均為模擬訓(xùn)練模式，讓考生身臨其境。提前備戰(zhàn)?！　∪妗⑾鑼?shí)的備考指導(dǎo)　　精心設(shè)置的詞匯訓(xùn)練不僅有助于考生記憶詞匯，更有助于其改善發(fā)音；　　講授考試中的重要技能——筆記的記錄方法和技巧，并提供筆記范本，能有效提高考生在聽(tīng)力、口語(yǔ)和寫(xiě)作測(cè)試中的應(yīng)試能力；　　針對(duì)考試中的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)提供詳細(xì)指導(dǎo)，幫助考生強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?！　∪轿坏亩嗝襟w輔助材料　　互動(dòng)CD-ROM提供兩套全真模擬試題，考生可以根據(jù)自身情況進(jìn)行定時(shí)和非定時(shí)測(cè)驗(yàn)；　　試題訓(xùn)練和實(shí)境測(cè)試緊密結(jié)合，圖書(shū)與MP3內(nèi)容形成互動(dòng)。書(shū)中的口語(yǔ)和聽(tīng)力試題在光盤(pán)中均有相應(yīng)內(nèi)容，提供的練習(xí)時(shí)間與考試完全一致，考生能及時(shí)了解自身水平?！吨苿傩峦懈Ｂ?tīng)力(配CD-ROM)》,點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入：《制勝新托福閱讀(配CD-ROM)》,點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入：《制勝新托福口語(yǔ)(配CD-ROM)》,點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入：《制勝新托福寫(xiě)作（配CD-ROM）》,點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入：

作者簡(jiǎn)介

BRUCE ROGERS has taught test preparation and English as a Second/Foreign Language courses since 1979.He has taught in the United States，Indonesia，Vietnam，the Republic of Korea，and the Czech Republic.He is also the author of Thomson's The Complete Guide to the TOEIC Test and The Introductory Guide to the TOEIC Test.He lives in Boulder，Colorado，USA.

書(shū)籍目錄

PrefaceAbout the AuthorAcknowledgmentsGETTING STARTED　Questions and Answers about the TOEFL@iBT　Ten Keys tO Better Scores on the TOEFL@iBTGUIDE TO READING　About Reading　Reading Preview TeSt　　LESSON 1  Factual and Negative Factual Questions　　LESSON 2  Vocabulary Questions　　LESSON 3  Inference Questions　　LESSON 4 Purpose，Method，and Opinion Questions　　LESSON 5  Sentence Restatement Questions　　LESSON 6 RefeFence Questions　　LESSON 7  Sentence Addition Questions　　LESSON 8  Completing Summaries and Charts　Reading Review Test　Reading Tutorial：Vocabulary Building　Communicative Activities for ReadingPRACTICE TESTS　About Taking the Practice Tests　Practice Reading Test 1　Practice Reading Test 2ANSWER KEY

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Virtually all living things have some way of getting from here to there. Animals may walk, swim, or fly. Plants and their seeds drift on wind or water or are carried by animals. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that, in time, all species might spread to every place on Earth where favorable conditions occur. Indeed, there are some cosmopolitan species. A good example is the housefly, found almost everywhere on Earth. However, such broad distribution is the rare exception. Just as barbed wire fences prevent cattle from leaving their pasture, biological barriers prevent the dispersal of many species.　　What constitutes barriers depends on the species and its method of dispersal. Some are physical barriers. For land animals, bodies of water, chains of mountains, or deserts are effective. For example, the American bison spread throughout the open grasslands of North America, but in the southern part of the continent there are deserts, so the bison could not spread there. For aquatic creatures, strong currents, differences in salinity, or land areas may serve as barriers.　　Some barriers involve competition with other species. A dandelion seed may be carried by the wind to bare ground, and, if environmental factors are right, it may germinate. There is not much chance, however, that any individual seedling will survive. Most places that are suitable for the growth of dandelions are already occupied by other types of plants that are well adapted to the area. The dandelion seedling must compete with these plants for space, water, light, and nutrients. Facing such stiff competition, the chances of survival are slim.　　For animals, some barriers are behavioral. The blue spotted salamander lives only on mountain slopes in the southern Appalachian Highlands. Although these creatures could survive in the river valleys, they never venture there. Birds that fly long distances often remain in very limited areas. Kirklands warblers are found only in a few places in Michigan in the summer and fly to the Bahamas in winter. No physical barriers restrict the warblers to these two locations, yet they never spread beyond these boundaries. Brazils Amazon River serves as a northern or southern boundary for many species of birds. They could freely fly over the river, but they seldom do.　　There are three types of natural pathways through which organisms can overcome barriers. One type is called a corridor. A corridor consists of a single type of habitat that passes through various other types of habitat. North Americas Rocky Mountains, which stretch from Alaska to northern Mexico, is an example. Various types of trees, such as the Engelmann spruce, can be found not only at the northern end of the corridor in Alaska but also at higher elevations along the entire length of this corridor.　　A second type of natural pathway is known as a filter route. A filter route consists of a series of habitats that are different from one another but are similar enough to permit organisms to gradually adapt to new conditions as they spread from habitat to habitat. The greatest difference between a corridor and a filter route is that a corridor consists of one type of habitat, while a filter consists of several similar types.

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