語用學(xué)

前言

　　The aim of this book is to provide an authoritative， up-to-date， and yetaccessible introduction to contemporary linguistic pragrnatics.　　In contemporary pragmatics， two main schools of thought can be iden-tified： Anglo-American and European Continental. Within the formerconception of linguistics and the philosophy of language， pragrnatics isdefined as the systematic study of meaning by virtue of， or dependent on，language use. The central topics of inquiry include implicature， presuppos-ition， speech acts， and deixis. This is known as the component view ofpragmatics， namely， the view that pragmatics should be treated as a corecomponent of a theory of language， on a par with phonetics， phonology，morphology， syntax， and semantics. By contrast， other areas such asanthropological linguistics， applied linguistics， and psycholinguisticswould lie outside this set of core components. Within the Continentaltradition， pragmatics is defined in a far broader way， encompassing muchthat goes under the rubric of， say， sociolinguistics， psycholinguistics， anddiscourse analysis. The Continental approach represents the perspectiveview of pragmatics， namely， the view that pragmatics should be taken aspresenting a functional perspective on every aspect of linguistic behaviour.Given the degree of overlap among the phenomena dealt with in otherrelatively well-established interdisciplinary fields of linguistics such associolinguistics， psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics， it is rather difficultto see how a coherent research agenda for pragmaties can be made withinthe wider Continental tradition. By contrast， the narrower Anglo-American， component view of pragmatics， which focuses on topics emer-ging from the traditional concerns of analytical philosophy， delimits thescope of the discipline in a relatively coherent， systematic， and principledway. In this book， therefore， my discussion of pragmatics will largely befrom the Anglo-American， component point of view.

內(nèi)容概要

《語用學(xué)》一書作者對語用學(xué)與句法學(xué)以及語義學(xué)的界面進行研究，為我們展現(xiàn)出了一幅比較完整的語用學(xué)研究圖景。全書見解獨到、內(nèi)容新穎，是一部優(yōu)秀的語用學(xué)教科書。本書作者黃衍早年留學(xué)英國，師從著名語用學(xué)家Stephen C.Levinson，獲劍橋大學(xué)博士學(xué)位，后再獲牛津大學(xué)博士學(xué)位，并曾在這兩所大學(xué)及雷丁大學(xué)執(zhí)教。黃衍現(xiàn)為新西蘭奧克蘭大學(xué)語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)系教授。

書籍目錄

PrefaceAcknowledgementsSymbols and abbreviations　1.  Introduction　　1.1. What is pragmatics?　　　1.1.1. A definition　　　1.1.2.  A brief history of pragmatics　　　1.1.3.  Two main schools of thought in pragmatics: Anglo-American versus European　Continental　　1.2. Why pragmatics?　　　1.2.1.  Linguistic underdeterminacy　　　1.2.2.  Simplification of semantics and syntax　　1.3.  Some basic notions in semantics and pragmatics　　　1.3.1.  Sentence, utterance, proposition　　　1.3.2.  Context　　　1.3.3.  Truth value, truth condition, entailment　　1.4.  Organization of the book　　Key concepts　　Exercises and essay questions　　Further readingsPart I  Central topics in pragmatics　2.  Implicature　　2.1.  Classical Gricean theory of conversational implicature　　　2.1.1.  The co-operative principle and the maxims of conversation　　　2.1.2.  Relationship between the speaker and the maxims　　　2.1.3.  Conversational implicatureo versus conversational implicatureF　　　2.1.4.  Generalized versus particularized conversational implicature　　　2.1.5.  Properties of conversational implicature    2.2.  Two neo-Gricean pragmatic theories of conversational implicature　　　2.2.1.  The Hornian system　　　2.2.2.  The Levinsonian system    2.3.  Conventional implicature　　　2.3.1. What is conventional implicature?　　　2.3.2.  Properties of conventional implicature    2.4.  Summary    Key concepts    Exercises and essay questions    Further readings　3.  Presupposition　　3.1.  What is presupposition?　　3.2.  Properties of presupposition　　　3.2.1.  Constancy under negation　　　3.2.2.  Defeasibility　　　3.2.3.  The projection problem    3.3. Analyses　　　3.3.1.  The filtering-satisfaction analysis　　　3.3.2.  The cancellation analysis　　　3.3.3. The accommodation analysis    3.4.  Summary    Key concepts    Exercises and essay questions    Further readings　4.Speech acts    4.1.  Performatives versus constatives　　　4.1.1.  The performative/constative dichotomy　　　4.1.2.  The performative hypothesis    4.2.  Austin's felicity conditions on performatives    4.3.  Locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts    4.4.  Searle's felicity conditions on speech acts    4.5.  Searle's typology of speech acts　5.  DeixisPart II  Pragmatics and its interfaces  　6.  Pragmatics and cognition: relevance theory　7.  Pragmatics and semantics　8.  Pragmatics and syntaxGlossary References Suggested solutions to exercises  Index of names  Index of languages, language families, and language areas  Index of subjects

章節(jié)摘錄

　　1.1.3. Two main schools of thought in pragmatics:　　Anglo-American versus European ContinentalAs pointed out in Huang （2001a）, two main schools of thought can beidentified in contemporary pragmatics: Anglo-American and EuropeanContinental. Within the former conception of linguistics and the philoso-phy of language, pragmatics is defined as the systematic study of meaningby virtue of, or dependent on, language use. The central topics of inquiryinclude implicature, presupposition, speech acts, and deixis （see 1.1 above）.This is known as the component view of pragrnatics, namely, the view thatpragmatics should be treated as a core component of a theory of language,on a par with phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.By contrast, other areas such as anthropological linguistics, applied lin-guistics, and psycholinguistics would lie outside this set of core compon-ents. Within the Continental tradition, pragmatics is defined in a farbroader way, encompassing much that goes under the rubric of sociolin-guistics, psycholinguistics, and discourse analysis. Witness, for example,Verschuerens （1999: 7, 11） definition that pragmatics constitutes a generalfunctional （i.e. cognitive, social and cultural） perspective on linguisticphenomena in relation to their usage in the form of behaviour. Thisrepresents the perspective view of pragmatics, namely, the view that prag-matics should be taken as presenting a functional perspective on everyaspect of linguistic behaviour. More or less the same is true of the definitionof pragmatics provided within the former Soviet and East European trad-ition. Under this approach, pragmatics （called pragmalinguistics） is ingeneral conceived of as a theory of linguistic communication, includinghow to influence people through verbal messages （Prucha 1983）.

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