紫禁城的黃昏

前言

北京是偉大祖國(guó)的首都，是名震中外的歷史文化名城?！兄Ф嗄甑慕ǔ鞘泛桶税俣嗄甑亩ǘ际?，自元朝迄今，北京作為全國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心，積淀了豐厚的歷史文化遺存，承載著中華文明的精華，是我國(guó)燦爛輝煌的歷史文化的偉大象征。在這里，優(yōu)美秀麗的風(fēng)景名勝、巍峨厚重的宮殿城闕、布局齊整的街巷胡同、京腔京調(diào)的語(yǔ)言文化、五方雜厝的社會(huì)習(xí)俗，以及源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)的神話傳說，使這座千年古都顯得神秘而博大。北京宛若一座盛藏著豐富古董的歷史博物館，堪稱東方歷史、文化、藝術(shù)的璀璨寶庫(kù)，令人目不暇接、回味無(wú)窮。自元代以來(lái)，世界各地的人們從四方八面來(lái)到北京，或旅行游覽，或講經(jīng)傳教，或從事經(jīng)貿(mào)，或供職朝廷，北京開始成為世界人民向往的名都。元代的“汗八里”城即是一座享譽(yù)世界的國(guó)際性大都市，是中西文化交流的樞紐。元朝時(shí)有馬可·波羅、孟特·科維諾、熱拉德、安德魯、帕烈格利諾、托馬斯、彼得、馬黎諾里等西方人士先后來(lái)到北京，他們大多將自己的經(jīng)歷寫成游記，增進(jìn)了歐洲人民對(duì)遙遠(yuǎn)的中國(guó)的了解。其中意大利人馬可·波羅在元大都游歷并被任命官職，回國(guó)后留下的《馬可·波羅游記》詳述了大都城的壯麗景象，令西方讀者驚羨不已，成為近代西方對(duì)外殖民拓展的一大動(dòng)力。明末清初一批西方傳教士，如利瑪竇、龐迪我、熊三撥、龍華民、鄧玉涵、湯若望等，奉命來(lái)到北京，他們?nèi)温毘ⅲ谌刖┏鞘看蠓蛉褐?，將西方的宗教、?shù)學(xué)、天文學(xué)、建筑工藝帶人中國(guó)，開西學(xué)傳播之先河，形成歷史上中西文化交流的第一次高潮。

內(nèi)容概要

《紫禁城的黃昏》一書是帝師莊士敦對(duì)清朝兩百多年統(tǒng)治的“黃昏時(shí)期”的記述。作者將其在華經(jīng)歷放到當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)政治文化的大背景中，從一個(gè)外國(guó)人的特殊視角，懷著對(duì)中國(guó)和中國(guó)人民的誠(chéng)摯情感詳細(xì)描述了“清廷”內(nèi)部的明爭(zhēng)暗斗、自己隨機(jī)應(yīng)變、居中調(diào)解以及他與溥儀之間的深厚交誼?！　　蹲辖堑狞S昏》與一般來(lái)華的西方人士的著述不同，莊氏通過他的作品表在了對(duì)中國(guó)文化的酷愛和中國(guó)應(yīng)該保護(hù)儒家思想傳統(tǒng)以及與它相適應(yīng)的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的保守觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)某些西方人企圖改變中國(guó)人生活方式的做法提出“抗議”，這是莊氏特立獨(dú)行之處。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

莊士敦（1874—1938），本名Reginald F.Johnston，蘇格蘭人，字志道。牛津大學(xué)文學(xué)碩士，專攻東方古典文學(xué)和歷史。1918年至1924年擔(dān)任末代皇帝溥儀的英文教師，對(duì)溥儀的一生影響頗大。同時(shí)，他擁擠清室，贊成復(fù)辟大清，深得溥儀的常識(shí)和信任。他通曉中國(guó)歷史，文學(xué)功力深厚，熟悉中國(guó)各地的民俗和風(fēng)士人情，對(duì)中國(guó)古典文學(xué)、歷史經(jīng)籍頗有研究。

書籍目錄

PrefaceTranslation of PrefaceIntroductionChapter I　The Reform Movement of 1898Chapter II　The Collapse of the Reform MovementChapter III  Reaction and the Boxer Movement, 1898-- 1901Chapter IV　The Last Years of Kuang-Hsti, 1901 -- 1908Chapter V  The Empress-Dowager, T'zu-HsiChapter VI　The Revolution, 1911Chapter VII  The "Articles of Favourable Treatment"of the Manchu Imperial HouseChapter VIII  The Ta Ch'ing and the Hung Hsien EmperorsChapter IX  Chang Hstin and the Restoration of 1917Chapter X  Autobiography of the Old Man of the Pine-tree(Translated from the Chinese)Chapter XI  The Forbidden City, 1919-- 1924Chapter XII  The Imperial TutorsChapter XIII  The Manchu Court in Twilight,Chapter XIV  The Imperial Household Department (Nei Wu Fu)Chapter XV  The Dragon UnfledgedChapter XVI  Monarchist Hopes and DreamsChapter XVII  The Dragon RestlessChapter XVIII  The Dragon Flaps His WingsChapter XIX  Dragon and PhoenixChapter XX  Plots and StratagemsChapter XXI　The Imperial GardenChapter XXII  The Summer PalaceChapter XXIII  The Fifth of NovemberChapter XXIV  The Dragon CagedChapter XXV  The Flight of the DragonEpilogue: the Dragon Goes HomeThe Pedigree of the Manchu Emperors

章節(jié)摘錄

As for that troublesome and half-witted young man who had shown her such base ingratitude for his elevation to the throne．1et him continue to reflect in solitude on his misdeeds．a(chǎn)nd be thankful to her for having spared his life when he so richly deserved to die． Such may have been some of the thoughts that passed through the mind of the''Venerable Buddha”as she was bome in her sedan-chair day after day and week after week on her“tour of inspection''to those parts of the empire to which the foreign devils were least likely to follow her．She knew that some things would have to be mended and ended，that nothing would be again precisely as it had been before the rude awakening of 1 900，but she never seems to have realized，to the day of her death，what a narrow escape from destruction the dynasty had had in that year，and what a strenuous uphill task 1av before her and her successors if its prestige and power were to be restored．In spite of all the information which she undoubtedly possessed regarding the activities to revolutionary societies at home and abroad，and the anti-dynastic propaganda traceable to men like Sun Yat-sen，she was never told，and she had not the keen vision to see for herself，how dangerously near to the throne was creeping the spectre of revolution．This is no place to describe the long and tedious negotiations between the allies and the Chinese government which resulted in the empressdowager’s return to Peking in 1 90 1 and in her resumption of power．The  settlement arrived at was far from sarisfactory，whether it be viewed from the side of China or from that of the allies．A few of the ringleaders of the Boxer movement and perpetrators of anti-foreign outrages，such as governor Yn-Hsien，were executed．a(chǎn)nd some，like Kang-Yi，would have  sufiered the same fate had they not died of disease or by their own hands．Hsn ’ung．Chung Ch’i and others were banished to Turkestan．Several  members of the imperial clan(prince Chuang．prince Yi and duke 11sai-Lan  among them)were exiled or subjected to varying degrees of punishment． Prince Tuan was degraded and banished，and the nomination of his son  as heir to the throne was cancelled．China was required to agree to the  payment of 1arge indemnities in consideration of the losses suffered by foreigners during the troubles，and for the expenses incurred by the various  expeditionary forces which had taken part in the military operations．The  story of the“Boxer indemnities”is a long one．of which the last chapter has  not yet been told．

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