出版時(shí)間:2008-1 出版社:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社 作者:劍橋大學(xué)出版社 編 頁數(shù):2744
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前言
Welcome to the second edition of the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. English is constantly evolving with new words coming into the language all the time. It is hard to believe that words like ‘website’‘text messaging’or‘reality TV’were unknown to most people just a few years ago, when now they are in common use. Dictionaries have to keep up with this change, and this edition contains a wealth of new vocabulary. Of course, a lot of it comes from the world of computers and the Internet (e.g.blog, whiteboard, graphics card), but many other areas are represented (e.g. speed dating, superbug, hoody). 歡迎使用《劍橋高階英語學(xué)習(xí)詞典》的第二版。英語不斷地發(fā)展演變,每時(shí)每刻都有新詞成為其中的一員。很難相信,諸如website, text messaging和reality TV之類現(xiàn)已廣泛使用的詞匯,就在幾年前還鮮為人知。詞典必須跟上這些變化,本版便收錄了大量的新詞。當(dāng)然,其中很多新詞來自計(jì)算機(jī)和因特網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域(例如blog, whiteboard, graphics card),但也有不少來自其他領(lǐng)域(例如speed dating, superbug, hoody)。One of the most important tools we have for tracking both British and American English words is the Cambridge International Corpus, a collection of over 600 million words of written and spoken (transcribed) language from a huge variety of sources. The corpus is the evidence which underpins everything we say about words in our dictionaries. We also make great use of the Cambridge Learner Corpus which includes exam scripts from Cambridge ESOL exams. The usage notes in this dictionary are based on information from that corpus. 我們用來追蹤英美兩國(guó)英語詞匯的重要工具之一是“劍橋國(guó)際語料庫”。該語料庫從浩繁多樣的資料中選取了包含6億多詞匯的書面及口語(轉(zhuǎn)寫)語料,是我們?cè)诰幾朐~典中對(duì)詞語所作的一切解釋說明的依據(jù)所在。我們也充分利用了“劍橋?qū)W習(xí)者語料庫”,該語料庫包含劍橋ESOL(English for Speakers of Other Languages)考試中心的考卷。本詞典中的用法說明即以該語料庫為依據(jù)。Of course, new editions are not only about new words. We are constantly in touch with teachers and students from all over the world to see how we can improve our dictionaries. 當(dāng)然,新版本絕不僅限于收錄新詞。我們始終與世界各地的師生保持聯(lián)系,以使我們的詞典日臻完善。A major feature of this edition is the introduction of the Frequency Information system.It is special because it shows the relative importance not only of words but also of their meanings, and of individual phrases. To create this system, researchers used data from our corpus. They extracted all the high-frequency words and then coded examples of them to work out the frequency of their different meanings. 引入詞頻信息系統(tǒng)是本版詞典的一大特點(diǎn)。其重要意義在于,它不僅顯示了詞語的相對(duì)重要性,還顯示了各義項(xiàng)以及每個(gè)短語的相對(duì)重要性。為了開發(fā)這個(gè)系統(tǒng),研究人員使用了我們語料庫中的語料。他們從中選出了所有的高頻詞語,然后對(duì)各詞語的例證進(jìn)行編碼,從而計(jì)算出不同義項(xiàng)的使用頻率。The Frequency Information is not just a number-crunching exercise though. On the overwhelming recommendation of teachers and academic advisers, the frequency results were adapted to the needs of learners of English. So, for instance, basic grammar vocabulary which is rare in everyday English is included because it is vital for students. 但是,這些詞頻信息并非只是單純的數(shù)字運(yùn)算。在老師和學(xué)術(shù)顧問的極力推薦之下,我們對(duì)詞頻信息統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了調(diào)整,以滿足英語學(xué)習(xí)者的各種需求。例如,本詞典收入了日常英語中很少使用的基本語法詞匯,因?yàn)檫@些詞匯對(duì)學(xué)生們來說極為有用。The resulting system gives students a clear guide to the most important words and meanings to learn 最終生成的詞頻系統(tǒng)清晰地告訴學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)哪些詞匯、哪些義項(xiàng)才是最重要的:Meanings marked are words which everyone needs to know in order to communicate effectively. They are either extremely common (usually over 400 occurrences per 10 million corpus words), or they express core concepts (e.g. asleep). There are about 4900 of these meanings. 標(biāo)有E(Essential 基礎(chǔ)詞匯)的義項(xiàng)是每個(gè)人為達(dá)到有效交流的目的必須掌握的詞語。它們要么極為常用(在語料庫中一般每千萬詞出現(xiàn)400次以上),要么表示核心概念(例如asleep)。這類義項(xiàng)約有4900個(gè)。Meanings marked are also common in native speaker English (typically between 200~400 occurrences per 10m corpus words). Like Essential, this band can include less common words which express useful concepts. There are about 3300 of these meanings. 標(biāo)有I(Improver 中級(jí)詞匯)的義項(xiàng)在母語為英語的人群中也很常用(在語料庫中一般每千萬詞出現(xiàn)200~400次)。和基礎(chǔ)詞匯一樣,中級(jí)詞匯包括一些表示有用概念的不太常用的詞匯。這類義項(xiàng)約有3300個(gè)。Meanings marked typically occur around 100~200 times per 10 million corpus words, which is still highly significant. Advanced students should aim to be confident with these to make their English more fluent and natural. There are about 3700 of these meanings. 標(biāo)有A(Advanced 高級(jí)詞匯)的義項(xiàng)在語料庫中一般每千萬詞約出現(xiàn)100~200次,這類詞也非常重要。高級(jí)水平的學(xué)生對(duì)這類詞應(yīng)該努力做到運(yùn)用自如,以使自己的英語更加流暢自然。這類義項(xiàng)約有3700個(gè)。Something else new in this edition is the 400 boxes giving concise collocation information for common words. Knowing how to put a word in context is vital for fluent English, and these boxes supplement the 25 000 collocations shown in heavy type in the example sentences. 本版詞典的新穎之處還有:它為常用詞匯設(shè)置了400個(gè)簡(jiǎn)明的搭配信息框。英語要達(dá)到流利程度,知道如何將一個(gè)詞置于語境中至關(guān)重要。這些搭配信息框就是對(duì)例句中以粗體字顯示的25,000個(gè)搭配的有益補(bǔ)充。I hope you will enjoy using the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. You can look at this and our other dictionaries online at dictionary.cambridge.org, and also use the website to send us your comments or suggestions for the next edition! 衷心希望大家樂于使用這部《劍橋高階英語學(xué)習(xí)詞典》。您可以登錄dictionary.cambridge.org在線查閱本詞典以及我們的其他詞典,同時(shí)也可通過本網(wǎng)站將評(píng)論或?qū)ο乱话娴慕ㄗh發(fā)送給我們!Elizabeth Walter伊麗莎白?沃爾特April 20052005年4月
內(nèi)容概要
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary(Second Edition)是凝聚著劍橋創(chuàng)新精神的一部高端精品,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社推出的是它的雙解版,書名定為《劍橋高階英漢雙解詞典》,它收錄詞目及短語170 000余條,覆蓋面廣,集學(xué)習(xí)詞典、搭配詞典、習(xí)語詞典、考試詞典于一身,是中高級(jí)英語學(xué)習(xí)者及雅思、BEC考生的理想工具書。 收詞廣泛全面:共收錄詞目、短語170,000余條,增收新詞1000余條 突出詞語搭配:例證中醒目呈現(xiàn)25,000余條詞語搭配,另提供400余處搭配專欄 習(xí)語豐富實(shí)用:近6000條習(xí)語助力英語學(xué)習(xí);附錄特設(shè)“習(xí)語索引”,查找一步到位 精選短語動(dòng)詞:約3000條短語動(dòng)詞,豐富表達(dá),考試必備 剖析常見錯(cuò)誤:設(shè)200余處“學(xué)習(xí)者常見錯(cuò)誤”及40項(xiàng)“用法說明”專欄,詳解典型錯(cuò)誤 提供詞頻標(biāo)注:重點(diǎn)詞匯按使用頻率分為三級(jí),一目了然,方便重點(diǎn)掌握 例證典型地道:90,000余條例證均取自“劍橋國(guó)際語料庫”,權(quán)威地道,真實(shí)自然
書籍目錄
Grammar codes and abbreviations 語法標(biāo)簽與縮寫Introduction 前言How to use the dictionary 本詞典使用說明Numbers that are used as words 數(shù)字詞匯The dictionary 詞典正文 Colour pictures 彩色插頁Study Sections 學(xué)習(xí)章節(jié) Work and jobs 工作與職業(yè) Money 金錢 Periods of time 時(shí)間段 Relationships 關(guān)系 Telephoning 打電話 Sounds and smells 聲音與氣味 Computers, text messages, email 計(jì)算機(jī)、手機(jī)短信、電子郵件 Relative clauses 關(guān)系從句 Phrasal verbs 短語動(dòng)詞 Determiners 限定詞 Modal verbs 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 Homographs 同形詞 Homophones 同音詞 Letter writing 信函寫作 Regular inflections 規(guī)則屈折變化 Punctuation 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) Varieties of English 英語變體 Idiom finder 習(xí)語索引 Word families 詞族Geographical names 地理名稱Common first names 常見人名Prefixes and suffixes 前綴和后綴Irregular verbs 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞Regular verb tenses 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)Symbols 符號(hào)Units of measurement 度量衡單位Pronunciation 發(fā)音Pronunciation symbols 音標(biāo)符號(hào)
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