20世紀(jì)美國頂尖人才的人力資本形成

內(nèi)容概要

　　美國經(jīng)濟(jì)史是一個成功的故事，一段神奇的歷程：二百多年間的巨大增長與發(fā)展使一個由移民拓居地合并而成的國家躍居世界霸主地位?；赝?0世紀(jì)，美國在經(jīng)濟(jì)的眾多領(lǐng)域始終實力超群，從而贏得“美國世紀(jì)”的聲望。　　經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們普遍認(rèn)為，一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢和發(fā)展?jié)摿εc其人力資本總量直接相關(guān)，人力資本投資是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與社會進(jìn)步的一個最重要的動力之源。作為蘊涵在人身上的知識、技能及特質(zhì).人力資本主要通過教育、培訓(xùn)、遷移、做中學(xué)等途徑獲得。人力資本的形成是國家、組織和個人有目的投資的結(jié)果，是人力資本生產(chǎn)制度的產(chǎn)物。近年來盛行的人力資本理論為本文探究20世紀(jì)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)盛的根源提供了堅實的理論根據(jù)?！　?qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)實力體現(xiàn)了美國的人力資本優(yōu)勢，而其核心因素是作為人力資本載體的人。在過去的一百年中，成千上萬的勞動者為美國的繁榮興旺付出了聰明才智，而他們中有一小部分人在各自的領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮了重要作用并產(chǎn)生巨大影響。本文認(rèn)為，20世紀(jì)美國的超強(qiáng)地位取決于一大批頂尖人才的杰出貢獻(xiàn)，因此，這些“關(guān)鍵的少數(shù)”（me Vital Few）社會英才值得特別關(guān)注。

書籍目錄

List of TablesList of FiguresChapter 1 IntroductionContext of the Study： American Century &Human Capital CenturyResearch Rationale： The 80/20 PrincipleSample Selection： Who Are the Vital Few for the U.S.Economic Power?Literature ReviewThesis OrganizationSignificance of the StudyChapter 2 Theoretical Framework of Human CapitalEvolution of Human Capital TheoryThe Notion of Human Capital in Classical EconomicsEmergence of Modem Human Capital TheoryAdvance of Human Capital TheoryDimensions of Human CapitalDefining Human CapitalCategorizing Human CapitalSocioeconomic Importance of Human CapitalHuman Capital and Economic DevelopmentHuman Capital and Knowledge EconomyForms of Human Capital AcquisitionFamily InfluenceFormal EducationJob TrainingLearning by DoingResearch and DevelopmentMigrationHealth CareInstitutional Matrix of Human Capital ProductionInstitutional Components of Human Capital ProductionEnvironment of Human Capital ProductionSocial Capital in the Creation of Human CapitalChapter 3 The Making of American Elite ScientistsIntroductionHistorical Overview of American ScienceIdentifying American Elite ScientistsDefining Scientific and Technical Human CapitalObjectives and DataWorking of Social OriginsInfluence of FamilyImpact of ImmigrationReligious Affiliation： The Case of JudaistsProcess of Higher LearningSelection and RecrnitmentUndergraduate StudyGraduate and Postdoctoral TrainingDevelopment and AttainmentFeatures of College EducationMaster and Apprentice TiesMentorship That Makes a DifferenceProgress in Scientific CareerInstitutional ContextEvocative EnvironmentResearch CollaborationChapter 4 The Making of American Business GiantsIntroductionEvolution of American Business： An OverviewDefining Entrepreneurial Human CapitalAmerican Business Giants： Data and SampleSocial OriginsFamily BackgroundNation of OriginReligious Affiliation： Judaists as a Case StudyFormal EducationSecondary Education as a VirtueHigher Education Makes a DifferenceBusiness Education as an AdvantageOther Avenues of LearningJob TrainingMilitary ServiceBusiness Career PathClimbing the Corporate LadderEntrepreneurial Adventure of Silicon ValleyitesAmerican Entrepreneurship as Perpetual Driving ForceChapter 5 The Making of American Government LeadersIntroductionHistorical Overview of the American GovernmentIdentifying the U.S. Economic Policy LeadersPurpose and QuestionsData and MethodSocioeconomic BackgroundSocial Class Origin： Presidents as a Case StudyHow Did Social Class Matter?Higher EducationInstitutions as Training GroundAreas of SpecializationWomen and Minorities： A Pattern of ImbalanceCareer Lines to Political High OfficeMilitary ExperiencePrior Nongovernmental OccupationsPolitical PathwaysChapter 6 Discussion and AnalysisSynthesizing the FindingsFamily InfluenceMigrationHigher EducationMilitary ServiceJob TrainingSelf-improvement in CareerSocial NetworkingLinking the Individuals and the SystemsHigher Education SystemScience and Technology SystemImmigration SystemMilitary SystemSociocultura！ Value SystemChapter 7 Concluding ThoughtsDeterminants of Human Capital Formation on Personal LevelKey Institutional Factors in American Top Talent DevelopmentConsiderations for Future ResearchAppendix 1 List of American Elite Scientists as SampleAppendix 2 List of American Business Giants by IndustryAppendix 3 List of American Political Leaders as SampleBibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The American ideal is not a classless society， but rather a society in which individuals are free to get ahead on the basis of merit， talent， hard work， and good luck. So this study places under spotlight the American elites of science， business and politics in the 20th century. A great many books summarize the lives of these celebrities from the cradle to the grave， but these compendiums are totally unanalytical. Review of literature shows that the amount of scholarly attention paid to these three groups of elites has varied greatly. On the whole， the entrepreneurial adventure and boldness of power of American business giants have of course inspired vast literature， and American federal executives comprising the powerful bureaucratic elite have received considerable attention， but investigations on the nations great scientists were quite limited. While thousands of books and essays examined various dimensions of these great men and women， there is hardly any study at all that has put them in human capital perspectives. Still， a number of relevant and significant works are worth mentioning.

編輯推薦

　　回望20世紀(jì)，美國在經(jīng)濟(jì)的眾多領(lǐng)域始終實力超群，從而贏得“美國世紀(jì)”的聲望。強(qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)實力體現(xiàn)了美國的人力資本優(yōu)勢，而其核心因素是作為人力資本載體的人。20世紀(jì)美國的超強(qiáng)地位正是取決于一大批頂尖人才的杰出貢獻(xiàn)，這就是80／20效率法則，或稱帕累托效率定律，因此，這些“關(guān)鍵的少數(shù)”（the Vital Few）社會英才值得特別關(guān)注?！　　?0世紀(jì)美國頂尖人才的人力資本形成》把20世紀(jì)奠定美國經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)盛地位的關(guān)鍵少數(shù)人才鎖定為功勛卓著的科學(xué)家、企業(yè)家與政治家三個精英群體，因為科學(xué)家的研究成果提高生產(chǎn)效率、推動社會進(jìn)步，企業(yè)家創(chuàng)造財富、提供就業(yè)、繁榮市場，政治家的高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚和英明決策為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展保駕護(hù)航?！　　?0世紀(jì)美國頂尖人才的人力資本形成》的創(chuàng)新之處在于方法與內(nèi)容兩個方面。在方法上，以近年來倍受重視的人力資本為視角，把美國經(jīng)濟(jì)頂尖人才的成才經(jīng)歷置于人力資本的理論基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的剖析，并通過實證考察來驗證人力資本形成途徑的重要程度，從而使理論與實際緊密結(jié)合。在內(nèi)容上，闡述了作者對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)英才人力資本形成途徑的兩點認(rèn)識，既對人力資本理論予以補(bǔ)充，也對傳統(tǒng)觀點有所突破。

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