勤快英語-新思維英語語法（初中版）

前言

　　近年來，國(guó)際交往日益頻繁，國(guó)際貿(mào)易急速發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了一種前所未有的現(xiàn)象：學(xué)外語、教外語、用外語的人多了；研究語言學(xué)和應(yīng)用語言學(xué)的人多了；開設(shè)這方面專業(yè)的高校也多了，語言學(xué)碩士生和博士生也多了。就是不以此為專業(yè)，學(xué)習(xí)語言學(xué)和應(yīng)用語言學(xué)的也不乏其人。為了給從事這個(gè)專業(yè)的師生提供便利，同時(shí)又幫助一般外語教師、涉外工作者以及漢語研究者開闊思路，擴(kuò)大視野，提高效率，我們獻(xiàn)上這套內(nèi)容嶄新而豐富的叢書——英文版《當(dāng)代國(guó)外語言學(xué)與應(yīng)用語言學(xué)文庫》。　　文庫首批推出54部外國(guó)英文原著，它覆蓋了語言學(xué)與應(yīng)用語言學(xué)26個(gè)分支學(xué)科。這批書是我們與各地有關(guān)專家教授反復(fù)研究之后精選出來的。出版這樣大規(guī)模的語言學(xué)與應(yīng)用語言學(xué)叢書，這在我國(guó)語言學(xué)界和外語教學(xué)界是破天荒第一次?！　∥覀冞@樣做，抱著什么希望呢？總的說來，是遵循教育部關(guān)于加強(qiáng)一級(jí)學(xué)科教育的指示，在世紀(jì)之交，推出一套書來給中國(guó)的外語教育領(lǐng)航，同時(shí)也給一般外語工作者和漢語研究者提供信息，拓寬思路。　　我們希望這個(gè)文庫能成為進(jìn)一步帶動(dòng)外語教學(xué)改革和科研的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)；我們希望它能成為運(yùn)載當(dāng)代外國(guó)語言學(xué)理論、語言研究方法和語言教學(xué)方法來到中國(guó)的特快列車；我們希望，有了這套書，語言學(xué)與應(yīng)用語言學(xué)專業(yè)師生就能順利地進(jìn)行工作；我們希望，通過讀這套書，青年外語教師和外語、漢語研究者能迅速把能力提高，把隊(duì)伍不斷擴(kuò)大。

內(nèi)容概要

　　Essential reading for anyone who teaches translation whether at a theoretical or practical level. David Harris， Vice President of ITI Tborough， very well written in a highy accessible style， and contains material of considerable interest. The varied and excellent examples are a mine of information， the exercises are valuable， and the attitude towards translation is sensibly undogmatic. Peter Fawcett， University of Bradford A remarkable down-to-earth coursebook which is consistently related to real life experience in the translating world. Lanna Castellano， Translator This book addresses the need for a systematic approach to training in translation studies by drawing on key areas in modem linguistic theory and relating them systematically to a number of translation problems and strategies. The strategies are identified by an examination of authentic examples of translated texts in a variety of languages. No knowledge of linguistics or foreign languages is assumed. Each chapter begins with an explanation of the key linguistic concepts referred to and ends with a series of practical exercises. By striking a balance between theory and practice， the book provides a sound basis for training professional translators.　　《第二語言習(xí)得研究概況》內(nèi)Understanding how people learn and fail to learn second and foreign languages is increasingly recognized as a critical social and psycholinguistic issue. Second languages are vitally important to diverse groups of people， ranging from refugees to college students facing foreign language requirements. An Introduction to Second Language Acquisition Research provides a synthesis of empirical findings on second and foreign language learning by children and adults. emphasising the desing and execution of appropriate research. The book assumes no prior knowledge of SLA. and introduces major topics such as the scope of SLA research. research methodology for gathering and analysing data， the history and development of SLA research and substantive findings on interlanguage development. explanations for success and failure， the role of theory in social science， current theories of SLA. and the effects of formal instruction on language learning. The volume also includes an extensive bibliography and suggestions for further reading， as well as discussion questions and problems to accompany each chapter. An Introduction to Second Language Acquisition Researc is a comprehensive， yet highly accessible study which will prove invaluable for language teachers and teachers in raining， as well as discusion questions and problems to accompany each chapter. An Introduction to Second Language Acquisition Research is a comprehensive， yet highly accessible study which will prove invaluable for language teachers and teachers in training， as well as students in applied linguistics， linguistics， psychology， psycholinguistics and foreign language education. Diane Larsen-Freeman is a Senior Faculty Member in the MAT Program at the Sehool of International Training.Vermont. USA and Michael H. Long is Professor of English as a Second Language， at the University of Hawaii，USA.　　《社會(huì)語言學(xué)教程》內(nèi)This new edition of R.A.Hudsons widely acclaimed textbook Sociolinguistics will be welcomed by students and teachers alike. To reflect changes in the field since publication of the first edition in 1980， the author has added new sections on politeness， accommodation and prototypes;and he has expanded discussion of sex differences in language use.and the relationship between language and thought.over a third of the second edition is completely new，and there is one entirely new chapter，but ample coverage of classic topics such as varieties of language，speech as co\\social interaction，the quantitative study o speech and lihnguistic and social inequality ，remains.like the first，the second edition of sociolinguistics is an exceptionally clear and helpful overview of the relationship of language and socicty.　　《語言教學(xué)課程設(shè)計(jì)原理》內(nèi)In preparing and teaching second language courses， language professionals frequently make decisions in response to learner needs： in choosing texthboks. altering a sequence of exercises from a textbook. creating classroom materials， and so on， Yalden puts these kinds of decisions into perspective， outlining theoretical issues relevant to language teachers today.　　Set against this theoretical background are practical suggestions on how teachers can devise classroom procedures and materials that best fit the linguistic and communicarive needs of their learners. Emphasis is placed on gathering information from and about the learner. This leads to the establishment of frameworks， short language-learning modules which give support to all of the components needed in a language course.　　Procedures for ddeveloping main or supplementary units to new or existing courses are described in detail. Three complete case studies of courses that the author and her colleagues developed are included in the book. They contain numerous examples of resulting course materials.　　《語言心理學(xué)》內(nèi)This fully revised text provides an understandable， clear overview of the psychology of language. Using an information-processing approach， Carroll brings the current developments and controversies in psycholinguistics to students in an engaging style and sets them in historical context. Functional in its approach， it fills the need for an up-to-date and clearly written treatment of the field. It gives students a balanced look at the subject. He includes an evenhanded and consistent discussion from both camps within the psycholinguistics field- both the cognitive side and the developmental side of research-to give students a comprehensive overview.

作者簡(jiǎn)介

　　Mona Baker is a freelance lecturer and consultant on translation. She is an Honorary Research Fellow of UMIST and a member of the advisory panel of the British Centre for Literary Translations.

書籍目錄

《換言之：翻譯教程》目錄：王宗炎序?qū)ёxPrefaceAcknowledgements1 Introduction2 Equivalence at word level2.1 The word in different languages2.2 Lexical meaning2.3 The Problem of non-equivalenceExercisesSuggestions for further readingNotes3 Equivalence above word level3.1 Collocation3.2 Idioms and fixed expressionsExercisesSuggestions for further readingNotes4 Grammatical equivalence4.1 Grammatical vs lexical categories4.2 The diversity of grammatical categories across languages4.3 A brief note on word order4.4 Introducing textExercisesSuggestions for further readingNotes5 Textual equivalence：thematic and information structures5.1 A general overview based on the Hallidayan approach to information flow5.2 The Prague School position on information flow：functionalExercisesSuggestions for further readingNotes6 Textual equivalence：cohesion6.1 Reference6.2 Substitution and ellipsis6.3 Conjunction6.4 Lexical CohesionExercisesSuggestions for further readingNotes7 Pragmatic equivalence7.1 Coherence7.2 Coherence and processes of interpretation：implicature7.3 coherence，implicature，and translation strategiesExercisesSuggestions for further readingNotesAppendices1 A Brief History of Time（Spanish，Greek）2 Morgan Matroc（German）3 Chinas Panda Reserves（Chinese）4 The Patrick Collection（Japanese）5 A Study of Shamanistic Practices in Japan（Japanese）6 Palace and Politics in Prewar Japan（Japanese）7 The Fix（Japanese）8 Euralex Conference circular（Russian）9 Brintons-press release（Arabic）GlossaryReferencesAuthor indexLanguage indexSubject index文庫索引《第二語言習(xí)得研究概況》目錄：王宗炎序?qū)ёxGeneral EditorsPrefaceAuthorsPrefaceAcknowledgements1 Introduction2 Second language acquisition research methodology3 SLA：Types of data analysis4 Interlanguage studies：Substantive findings5 The linguistic environment for language acquisition6 Explanations for differential success among second language learners7 Theories in second language acquisition8 Instructed second language acquisitionEpilogueBibliographyIndex文庫索引《社會(huì)語言學(xué)教程》目錄：王宗炎序?qū)ёx1 Introduction1.1 Sociolinguistics1.2 Sociolinguistic Phenomena1.3 Speakers and communitesa1.4 Summary and conclusions2 Varieties of Language2.1 Introduction2.2 Languages2.3 Dialects2.4 Registers2.5 Mixture of varieties2.6 Conclusions3 Language，Culture and thought3.1 Introduction3.2 Linguistic and cultural relativety3.3 Language and thought3.4 General Conclusions4 Speech as social interaction4.1 The social nature of speech4.2 Speech as a signal of social identity4.3 The structure of speech4.4 Verbal and non-verbal behaviour4.5 Malefemale differences in speech5 The quantitive study of speech5.1 Introduction5.2 Methodology5.3 Linguistic variables5.4 Influences on linguistic variables6 Linguistic and social inequality6.1 Linguistic inequality6.2 Subjective inequality6.3 Linguistic incompetence：strictly linguistic inequality6.4 Communicative incompetence：inequality in communication7 Theoretical sommary7.1 Introduction7.2 The social functions of language7.3 The structure of language文庫索引《語言教學(xué)課程設(shè)計(jì)原理》目錄：王宗炎序?qū)ёxPrefacePart l Usable theories1 Setting up a coursePart ll language teaching and linguistice：current issues2 Proficiency in a secomd language3 language functions and pragmatics4 Discourse analysis and course designPart lll Form theory to practice5 Teachers and teaching6 Teachers and linguists7 Teachers and course desingPart IV Farmeworks for second language course desing8 Syllabus and methodology9 A proportional approach10 Three case studies11 Using framewordsAppendix A Sanple task-based frameworksAppendix B Frameworks for communications Needs CoursesReferencesIndes文庫索引《語言心理學(xué)》目錄：PART 1 General Issues1 Introduction：Themes of Psycholinguistics2 Linguistic Principles3 Psychological MechanismsPART 2 Language Comprehension4 Perception of Language5 The Internal Lexicon6 Sentence Comprechension and Memory7 Discourse Comprechension and MemoryPART 3 Language Production and Conversational Interaction8 Production of Speech and Language9 Conversational InteractionPART 4 Language Acpuisition10 Early Language Acquisition11 Latcr Language Acquisition12 Processes of Language AcquisitionPART 5 Language in Perspective13 Biological Foundations of Language14 Language，Culture，and Cognition《語言學(xué)入門》《實(shí)用文體學(xué)教程》《語音學(xué)與音系學(xué)入門》《英語語音學(xué)與音系學(xué)實(shí)用教程》《英語國(guó)際通用語》《怎樣教英語》《語用學(xué)》《兒童語言》《形態(tài)學(xué)》《社會(huì)語言學(xué)》《語言測(cè)試的設(shè)計(jì)與評(píng)估》《英語史從古代到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》《語言教學(xué)的流派》《語言研究中的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》《會(huì)說話的哺乳動(dòng)物心理語言學(xué)入門》《語用學(xué)新解》《普通語言學(xué)概論》《跨文化交際語篇分析法》《語言類型學(xué)與普通語法特征》《英語測(cè)試》《學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用第二語言的策略》《語言與語言學(xué)詞典》《語言研究》《句法學(xué)（最簡(jiǎn)方案導(dǎo)論）》《語料庫語言學(xué)》《社會(huì)語言學(xué)引論》《如何寫研究論文與學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告》《語義學(xué)引論》《喬姆斯基的普遍語法教程》《功能語法導(dǎo)論》《第二語言學(xué)習(xí)與教學(xué)》《語言學(xué)和第二語言習(xí)得》《英語教學(xué)科研方法》《談?wù)Z言寫作讀本》《功能語法入門》《語言模式文體學(xué)入門》《跨文化交際》《話語分析入門理論與方法》《語料庫語言學(xué)入門》《語義學(xué)》《話語分析》《語言學(xué)教程》《轉(zhuǎn)換生成語法教程》《朗文英語口語和筆語語法》《朗文語言教學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言辭典》《詞典學(xué)詞典》《歷史語言學(xué)》《從語言學(xué)的角度看語言習(xí)得》《語言教學(xué)教程實(shí)踐與理論》

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Make a list of some English idioms with which you are familiar and which have close counterparts in your target language. Comment on any differences in meaning, form, or context of use between each English idiom and its equivalent in your target language.　　Make a list of some common English expressions or idioms which you feel would be difficult to translate into your target language, for example because they relate to specific English habits or social occasions. Try, to the best of your ability, to paraphrase each expression twice: the first time as briefly as possible so that it can be inserted in a text, and the second time more elaborately so that it can be included as a footnote to a text.　　Imagine that you have been asked by a client to translate the following text into your target language. The text comes from a newspaper report on current trends in the British retail market. Your target reader is: working at management level, involved in the retail business, exports fashion to high street shops in the United Kingdom, and is therefore familiar with the names of department stores, etc.　　The high street is having a facelift. In an unprecedented flurry of activity, new retailing concepts are being launched, while some of the oldies are being revitalised. Marks and Spencer is testing new layouts, shops within shops, satellite stores. The experimental Woolworth stores are light years away from the traditional Woolies. Burton has begun a blitz to install some of its high street names in branches of the department store chain Debenhams, which it has just acquired-with the controversial galleria concept to follow.

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