財(cái)經(jīng)英語(yǔ)閱讀教程

內(nèi)容概要

　　國(guó)家教委頒布的《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》中規(guī)定：“專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)閱讀課是基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)課的繼續(xù)，目的在于指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀有關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的英語(yǔ)書(shū)刊和文選，進(jìn)一步提高閱讀專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)資料的能力，獲取專(zhuān)業(yè)所需要的信息?！?　　編寫(xiě)本教材，旨在為大學(xué)財(cái)經(jīng)專(zhuān)業(yè)三年級(jí)學(xué)生提供一本實(shí)用的、向財(cái)經(jīng)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)過(guò)渡的閱讀教材，幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)、鞏固在基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)階段所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，為下一步的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)課鋪墊財(cái)經(jīng)知識(shí)，積累財(cái)經(jīng)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)及詞匯。另外，《財(cái)經(jīng)英語(yǔ)閱讀教程》還可作為財(cái)經(jīng)工作者提高專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)水平的自修教材。 　　《財(cái)經(jīng)英語(yǔ)閱讀教程》編者從宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度，向?qū)W生介紹西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論、世界銀行概況、國(guó)際保險(xiǎn)概論以及新的財(cái)會(huì)制度等。選材范圍包括財(cái)政、金融、會(huì)計(jì)、企業(yè)管理、保險(xiǎn)、審計(jì)、稅收、投資和信息管理等財(cái)經(jīng)專(zhuān)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和實(shí)務(wù)。課文及補(bǔ)充閱讀材料全部選自80年或90年代出版的原文書(shū)刊，大部分課文的難度相當(dāng)于大學(xué)英語(yǔ)五、六級(jí)水平。 　　全書(shū)共有10個(gè)單元。每個(gè)單元包括一篇1000字左右的課文以及一篇內(nèi)容與課文相近而難度較淺的閱讀材料。課后附有練習(xí)，包括閱讀理解題、經(jīng)濟(jì)熱點(diǎn)討論題、詞匯練習(xí)、填空練習(xí)和翻譯練習(xí)等。每單元的最后一部分是附加的與課文內(nèi)容有關(guān)的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)和詞匯。《財(cái)經(jīng)英語(yǔ)閱讀教程》將配有教師用書(shū)，包括課文參考文和練習(xí)答案。

書(shū)籍目錄

Unit OneText：Brief Introduction to MacroeconomicsStudy ＆ Practice Reading Practice： The Federal Reserve System and its Role Additional WOrds ＆ Expressions of Economice Unit Two Text：Directions for ReformStudv ＆ PractiCe Reading Practice：The Economice of Public DebtAdditional WOrds ＆ Expressions of Economice Unit ThreeText：Evolution Of AccountingStUdy ＆ Practice Reading Practice：Public AccountingAdditional Words ＆ Expressions of Accounting Unit Four Text：The Nature of InsuranceStudy ＆ Practice Reading Practice：Functions of InsuranceAdditional Words ＆ Expressions of InsuranceUnit FiveText：AppraisalStudy ＆ Practice Reading Practice：Why Has U．S． Personal Saving Declined? Additional Words ＆ Expressions of Economics Unit SiXText：What Limits the Benefits of Tax Reform?Study ＆ PracticeReading Practice：Who Needs Tax Reform? Additional Words ＆ Expressions of Taxation Unit Seven Text：The Challenge of Managing Project Teams and TaSk Forces Study ＆ PracticeReading Practice：Restoring Order from Chaos Addifional WOrds?。?EKpressions Of ManagementUnit EightText：Agricultutal Trade WarStudy ＆ PracticeReaing Ptactice： HOW Kansas Created Good Jobs Without Busting the BudgetAdditional WOrds ＆ Expressions Of Economics Unit Nine Text：Why Do People Buy Stocks? Study ＆ PracticeReading Practice：What ls A Growth Stock? Additional WordS ＆ Expressions Of Shares Unit TenText:How to Begin Back to Basics General LedgerStudy ＆PracticeReading Practice:ComputerAdditional Words ＆Expressions of ComputersAppendix

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Accounting n. an information system that measures， processes， and communicates financial information about an identifiable economic entity 會(huì)計(jì)，會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)　　financial a. connected with money 財(cái)務(wù)方面的　　program n. plan of what is to be done 計(jì)劃，項(xiàng)目，工作　　evolution n. gradual change and development 演變，發(fā)展　　primitive a. simple， not greatly developed 簡(jiǎn)單的，初始的　　clay tablet n. a thin sheet of clay used as a writing surface in ancient times 古代供刻字用的黏土板　　city-state n. （esp. in former） times a city which， with the surrounding country area， formed an independent state （古時(shí)的）城邦　　ascertain v. discover （the facts of something）發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明（事實(shí)的真相）　　transaction n. piece of business dealing 交易，經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)　　double-entry n. 復(fù)式簿記　　Franciscan a.n. of a Christian religions group founded in 1209 by St. Francis 圣芳濟(jì)修會(huì)的　　　　　　In 1913 Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act， dividing the country into 12 districts with a Federal Reserve Bank in each. A seven-member Board of Governors （Federal Reserve Board） in Washington， D.C.， coordinates these banks， which in fact constitute a central banking system. AS in other major countries， the central bank is set up by the government to handle its transactions， coordinate and control commercial banks， and help regulate the nations money supply.　　The Federal Reserve system is responsible directly to Congress， although by law the Governors are independent of political pressure from either Congress or the President. The Board is， of course， expected to coordinate its policies with those of the Administration and the Congress. When a conflict arises between making a profit or serying the public interest， the "Fed." as it is called， is supposed to choose the latter.　　The Federal Reserve is a system of banks of bankers， a government operated central bank. It has one main purpose： to control the supply of money and credit， including all coins and currency in circulation， plus checking accounts. This control is exercised through "monetary policy". When business worsens， the Federal Reserve Board expands the amount of money and credit. But if prices start　　rising too rapidly， the Fed will do all it can to put on the brakes and reduce the supply of money and credit.　　How? The first step is to require the nations banks to keep a larger amount of their deposits on reserve. With less money to lend， credit becomes "tight". Tight credit causes less money to be available for prospective borrowers， thus increasing the rate of interest.　　When interest rates go up， businesses do not expand so rapidly as before， families cannot afford to buy new houses or cars， and other forms of buying slow down. During a period of high interest， the customer is forced to make a larger down payment on his purchases. For example， when money is plentiful， the buyer of a $ 40，000 house would have no trouble getting a 90 percent loan， or $ 36，000. His cash outlay （down payment） would be only $ 4，000 plus legal expenses. But when money is in short supply， the bank will want to get the safest loans possible with limited money， so it may require a 25 percent down payment. In that case， a prospective home buyer would need to pay $10， 000 down rather than $ 4，000. Such a large cash investment would prevent many families from buying， thus slowing the rate of building houses and contributing to a slowdown of the economy. When the Fed diagnoses the country as being in an inflationary period， it requires banks to increase their reserves as a way of slowing inflation. Finally when the economy cools the Fed reverses the process and make more money available. Changing the amount of reserves required is a powerful tool that the Fed uses cautiously.　　In addition to requiring a larger or smaller reserve for member banks， the Fed possesses two other weapons in its war against inflation or depression. First， it can go into the market and "buy" money， in what are called "open market operation". Usually this money is in the form of short term bonds. Suppose the Fed thinks a depression is coming. The members meet and say， "Lets buy a thousand　　million dollars worth of government bonds from insurance companies， banks， and big business firms." These institutions are then free to invest the money they receive in exchange for the bonds. The bulk of this investment will be with banks. Thus， because of the chain process， the Fed will have created excess reserves for its member banks. More money becomes available for loans. So，　　the interest rates go down， and down payments decrease. With a 20 percent reserve requirement， one thousand million dollars spent in the marketplace would add up to five thousand million dollars of new money.　　The way the Federal Reserve banks lend money to member banks constitutes the final weapon in the Feds arsenal. These loans， called "discounts"， carry an interest rate. By regulating the discount rate， or the interest banks pay to borrow from the Fed， they encourage or discourage borrowing. People who buy and sell stocks or bonds keep a close watch on the discount rate. Even interest rates and and investment spending abroad are influenced by changing discount rates. These discount rates are usually tied to interest rates on the open market. In an effort to tighten or loosen credit， the Fed will raise or lower the discount rate.　　True / False Statements　　1. The president of the U.S. directly controls the Federal Reserve system.　　2. Supply of money is defined as the total quantity of bank deposits in the economy.　　3. During recession， the Fed will expand the money supply and credit.　　4. Higher interest rates can stimulate the spending activity.　　5. By rising the required reserve ratio， the Fed can reduce the lending capacity of the banking system.　　6. By raising or lowering the discount rate， the Fed changes the cost of money for banks and therewith the incentive to borrow reserves.　　7. When the Fed buys bonds， it causes an increase in bank reserves.　　8. When the Fed wants to slow the rate of consumer and investor spending， it lowers reserve requirement and discount rate， and sells bonds. Additional　　Words & Expressions　　checking account 支票賬戶(hù)　　depression 蕭條，不景氣　　Open Market Operation 公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)業(yè)條　　bonds 債券　　excess reserve 超額準(zhǔn)備（金）　　discount rate 貼現(xiàn)率　　fiscal year （FY） 財(cái)政年度　　factor market 生產(chǎn)要素市場(chǎng)　　budget surplus 預(yù)算盈余　　GNP per capita 人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值　　opportunity cost 機(jī)會(huì)成本，擇機(jī)代價(jià)　　budget deficit 預(yù)算赤字　　exchange rate 匯率　　marginal propansity to consume （MPC） 邊際消費(fèi)傾向　　marginal propensity to save（MPS） 邊際儲(chǔ)蓄傾向　　natural rate of unemployment 自然失業(yè)率　　optimal mix of output 最優(yōu)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)　　automatic stabilizer 自動(dòng)穩(wěn)定器　　derived demand 派生的需求　　consumption function 消費(fèi)函數(shù)　　market mechanism 市場(chǎng)機(jī)制　　externality 外差因素

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　　《財(cái)經(jīng)英語(yǔ)閱讀教程》以精彩的課文輔導(dǎo)，準(zhǔn)確的專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯，詳盡的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，針對(duì)的試題練習(xí)，向您提供財(cái)經(jīng)英語(yǔ)的入門(mén)輔導(dǎo)，讓您掌握一些常見(jiàn)的財(cái)經(jīng)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)和詞匯，使您向財(cái)經(jīng)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)過(guò)渡，并為學(xué)好專(zhuān)業(yè)的財(cái)經(jīng)英語(yǔ)打下基礎(chǔ)。

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