地理信息系統(tǒng)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)

前言

地理信息系統(tǒng)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)是一門(mén)語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用課程，其目的是為了提高學(xué)生閱讀專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)的能力，從而更好地與國(guó)際GIS界進(jìn)行溝通。GIS是信息學(xué)與地學(xué)交叉形成的一門(mén)新興學(xué)科，起源于加拿大。GIS在我國(guó)經(jīng)歷了起步、發(fā)展、成熟三個(gè)階段。到2009年，GIS教育在我國(guó)經(jīng)歷了二十年的發(fā)展歷程。雖然取得了舉世矚目的成就，但與北美、歐洲相比，仍有相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。為了跟蹤GIS科學(xué)的國(guó)際發(fā)展前沿，推動(dòng)GIS課程教學(xué)與國(guó)際接軌，培養(yǎng)具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的人才，填補(bǔ)GIS學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的教材空白，教材編委會(huì)組織編寫(xiě)了這本GIS專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教材。教材從GIS的不同側(cè)面選擇相關(guān)題材，組成16個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)單元，每個(gè)單元學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)數(shù)最低為2小時(shí)，即最低授課時(shí)數(shù)為32學(xué)時(shí)。1單元至14單元介紹GIs的相關(guān)概念，15單元至16單元介紹GIS的應(yīng)用。每個(gè)單元分為課文、新單詞、詞組、注釋、練習(xí)、參考譯文、練習(xí)參考答案七個(gè)部分，便于教師授課選擇和學(xué)生自學(xué)。本書(shū)側(cè)重GIS基本概念與專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，強(qiáng)調(diào)典型語(yǔ)句的分析與譯文技巧。為了使學(xué)生了解英文習(xí)慣表達(dá)，本書(shū)盡量選擇原版英文作為學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。本書(shū)可以作為GIs本科專(zhuān)業(yè)及碩士專(zhuān)業(yè)的通識(shí)教材，也可供地理、資源環(huán)境、測(cè)繪等相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)參考。本書(shū)由湖南科技大學(xué)李朝奎教授、全斌副教授組織編寫(xiě)與統(tǒng)稿。中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)張貴教授、湖南師范大學(xué)楊波副教授、華北水利電力學(xué)院李春靜副教授、江西師范大學(xué)龔俊博士、海南師范大學(xué)謝跟蹤副教授對(duì)全書(shū)進(jìn)行了校對(duì)，并提出寶貴修改意見(jiàn)。本書(shū)在編寫(xiě)過(guò)程中得到了湖南科技大學(xué)碩士研究生路立娟、鄭拴寧、鮑振洪、陳良、李吟、郭翔等同學(xué)的支持，在此一并表示感謝，同時(shí)對(duì)書(shū)中的引文作者表示衷心感謝。由于水平有限，書(shū)中定有不當(dāng)和錯(cuò)漏之處，懇請(qǐng)廣大讀者批評(píng)指正！

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)是面向高等院校的地理信息系統(tǒng)本科專(zhuān)業(yè)和地圖學(xué)與地理信息系統(tǒng)碩士研究生專(zhuān)業(yè)開(kāi)設(shè)的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程。全書(shū)共分16個(gè)單元，整體內(nèi)容分為GIS概念、GIS技術(shù)和GIS應(yīng)用三大部分。每個(gè)單元包含Text，New words，Phrases，Notes，Exercises，Translation to Text and Key to Exercises等內(nèi)容，便于教師授課和學(xué)生自學(xué)。Unit 1至Unit 3主要介紹GIS的定義及應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，Unit 4至Unit 5介紹等離線及其精度，Unit 6介紹三維的概念，Unit 7介紹數(shù)據(jù)格式轉(zhuǎn)換，Unit 8介紹影像分類(lèi)，Unit 9介紹GIS的時(shí)間響應(yīng)概念，Unit 10介紹地圖投影，Unit 11介紹GIS改變地理學(xué)，Unit 12介紹地理教育與專(zhuān)業(yè)發(fā)展，Unit 13介紹行為地理學(xué)，Unit 14介紹GIs的最重要組成，Unit 15至Unit 16介紹GIS在土地變化與評(píng)估中的應(yīng)用。本書(shū)側(cè)重專(zhuān)業(yè)基本慨念與方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)專(zhuān)業(yè)概念的思維與表達(dá)。為便于學(xué)生掌握和加深理解課程內(nèi)容，每一章均提供了練習(xí)題和參考答案。    本書(shū)可作為地理信息系統(tǒng)本科專(zhuān)業(yè)和研究生專(zhuān)業(yè)的通識(shí)教材，同時(shí)可供相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)人員參考。

書(shū)籍目錄

Unit 1  Definitions of GIS  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 2  Introduction to GIS  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 3  Application of GIS  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 4  Contours  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 5  Contour Accuracy  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 6  The Third Dimension  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 7  Data Format Conversions  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 8  Image Classification  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 9  GIS in Response Time Analysis  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 10  Map Projections  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 11  Changing the Face of Geography: GIS and the IGU  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 12  Geography Education and Professional Development  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 13  GIS - Geography in Action  New Words  Phrases  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 14  The Most Important Part of a GIS  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 15  Land Suitability Assessment in Fujian Province, China  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to ExerciseUnit 16  New Words  Phrases  Notes  Exercises  Translation to Text  Key to Exercise

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：A GIS works by providing a way to capture or input data, store, retrieve andmanage the data, manipulate and analyze the data, and finally a way of displaying thatdata as a document. Let' s take a closer look at each of these aspects of GIS.Data input: All GIS data has to be in a digital format so whether it' s a report, aphoto, a map, or information gathered in the field, it has to be made digital.Obtaining geographic data to insert into a GIS is a large subject in which includes anumber of different approaches. One of the most common ways to collect spatialgeographic data is to perform a physical survey. This includes surveying the land,underwater areas, and underground features of the earth （which are referred to as fieldsurvey, hydrographic survey and mining survey respectively）.Basic forms of data input include :  Typing:  Reports,  survey documents,population statistics, etc. , all have to be entered into the computer preferably in adata base format or as tabular data. Scanning: Paper maps such as topographic maps,aerial photographs, remotely sensed images if not already in a digital format need tobe scanned and then georeferenced or georectified. When a picture or a map or anaerial photo is georeferenced it will open in a GIS program in the right place on amap in relation to another map objects being viewed. They will be in the properplace spatially.  Digitizing: Currently digitizing is the most common method forconverting existing maps and images into digital form. Digitizing is basically tracingpoints, lines, or areas from a paper map, or aerial photo so that instead of aphotograph or a raster image, there is now a digital line graphic or vector file.

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