脫離/再入語境的同聲傳譯

內(nèi)容概要

本書分析了社會、文化與口譯互動方面的學術活動和科研狀況，指出迄今為止相關課題的學術研究成果多囿于認知學和心理語言學的范疇，很少有人將會議口譯當作設于語境中的行動來研究。作者從社會和文化的角度出發(fā)，將口譯員設在會議語境中，考察了社會和文化語境與口譯員在會場的存在及其口譯表現(xiàn)之間的動態(tài)關系。作者通過親身觀察、采訪相關人員以及對會議的文字記錄進行分析，澄清了坊問流傳的對會議口譯的誤解。作者也同時指出，在具體語境中研究會議口譯的工作任重而道遠。

作者簡介

　　愛布茹·迪利克（Ebru Diriker）任教于土耳其海峽大學翻譯學院。

書籍目錄

AcknowledgmentsIntroductionCHAPTER 1　Previous Hterature，key concepts and grounding theories　1．1 Simultaneous Interpreting Research　1．2 Previous research on actual SI behavior in relation to socio—cultural and interactional contexts　1．3 Context　1．4 DiSCOurse　1．5 Basic theoretical assumptions on“discourse”CHAPTER 2　Broader social context in SI　2．1 Meta—discourse as social context　2．2 Meta—discourse on SI　　2．2．1 Discourse of general reference books　　2．2．2 Discourse of codes of ethics　　2．2．3 Discourse of professional organizations　　2．2．4 Discourse of academia　　2．2．5 Discourse of Turkish media　　2．2．6 Discourse of interpreters in the media　　2．2．7 Discourse of a popular book　2．3  Summary 48CHAPTER 3　Analyzing an actual conference context　3．1 Constructing the COrpus：General reflections　3．2 Constructing the COrpUS in this study　　3．2．1 Topic，date and venue of the conference　　3．2．2 Conference languages　　3．2．3 Interpreters，organizer and the recruitment process　　3．2．4 Permission to record　　3．2．5 Technical matters　　3．2．6 Position of the booths　　3．2．7  My position as the researcher　　3．2．8 Participants　　3．2．9  Speakers　　3．2．10 Preparations，documents and the“assistant’’in the booth　　3．2．1 1 Turn—taking　3．3    Interviews　　3．3．1  Interview with the organizer　　3．3．2  Interviews with the speakers　　3．3．3  InterviEWS with the interpreters　　3．3．4  Interviews wi出the users of SICHAPTER 4　Analyzing an actual SI performance　4．1 Constructing the transcripts in this study　4．2 Deciding on a unit of analysis　4．3 Exploring the“shifts in the speaking subject”　4．4 Presenting the analysis　4．5 Analyzing the conference transcripts　  4．5．1 “Shifts in the speaking subject’’in the present corpus　  4．5．2 Last 25 minutes of the conference interactionCHAIRIER 5　Juxta．a(chǎn)nd counterposing actual SI behavior with the meta_discourse　5．1 Juxtaposing actual SI behavior with the meta—discourse　　5．1．1 Broader socio—cultural context：What the meta—discourse suggests　　5．1．2 Presence of interpreters：What participant observations and interviews sug-gest　　5．1．3 Performance of interpreters：What conference transcripts suggest　5．2 Counterposing actual SI behavior with the meta—discourse　　5．2．1 Implications for SI researchFinal remarksAppendix  Transcription convention  “Shifts in the speaking subject”in the delivery in their order of occurrence  during the conferenceNotesReferencesIndex

章節(jié)摘錄

　　According to Bour dieu, the production of linguistic utterances or expressions always occurs in particular contexts or "market s".s The properties of the second texts or markets bestow a certain "value" on particular discourses. While producing linguistic expressions, speakers take into account —— in varying way sand to different extents——the market conditions within which their products will be received and valued by others. They assess the market conditions, and anticipate the likely reception of their linguistic products with the ultimate objective of maximizing their access to various forms of capital which can beeconomic, cultural and social. Thus, speakers implicitly and routinely modifytheir expressions in anticipation of their likely reception, which implies that alldiscourses are to some extent "euphemized", i.e., they are modified by a certain kind of censorship which stems from the structure of the market but which is transformed into self-censorship through the process of anticipation （ibid.:19）.Discourse naturalizes and creates "myths"- The use of discourse in enhancing diffeent forms of capital results in the constitution of, what Bourdieu （ibid.） calls,"legitimate language". While "legitimate language" shapes and takes shape inrelation to social, historical, ideological, cultural and market conditions, it develops a certain repertoire which involves and further reinforces aspects that grantlanguage its "legitimacy" and "authority". This repertoire is not static in nature,on the contrary, there is always a constant struggle between those who want to maintain it and those who want to change it. Thus, it is never complete and final.However, when analyzing in synoptic shots, one can see certain features which look so natural and authoritative that they appear to be the sole and most correct forms of language and language use possible.　　The authoritativeness and naturalness with which any meta-discourse represents its object is linked with the process of "myth-making" in discourse. According to Barthes （1992）, all meta-language （i.e., language about an object） tends to naturalize and rationalize the historicity and complexity of the object it represents. Everything can become a myth in language if there is an ideologicalneed for it in human history. Thus, the naturalization and rationalization of theobject in meta-language always serves a purpose or necessity.　　Being features of meta-language, myths always operate by tearing the actualobject from its situationality and historicity. Thus, myths always work on decontextualized objects and give these objects a "blissful clarity".

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