自然科學(xué)系列（第二冊(cè)）

前言

閱讀既是理解和吸收語(yǔ)言文化信息的重要手段之一，又是語(yǔ)言文化信息的最便捷的輸入源。我國(guó)教育部新制定的全日制義務(wù)教育和普通高級(jí)中學(xué)《英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》對(duì)學(xué)生的閱讀技能從三級(jí)到九級(jí)提出了明確的要求。在目前國(guó)內(nèi)外的各種英語(yǔ)測(cè)試中，閱讀理解所占的比重越來(lái)越大。為此，我們特向你推薦“中學(xué)英語(yǔ)拓展閱讀叢書(shū)”(Timed Readings Plus)。本叢書(shū)含有以下3個(gè)子系列：社會(huì)科學(xué)(Social studies)、自然科學(xué)(Science)及數(shù)學(xué)(Mathematics)，由上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社從美國(guó)McGraw Hill Glencoe公司引進(jìn)出版。社會(huì)科學(xué)和自然科學(xué)各有10個(gè)分冊(cè)，社會(huì)科學(xué)每?jī)?cè)有24課，自然科學(xué)每?jī)?cè)有25課，每課兩篇閱讀材料；數(shù)學(xué)有5個(gè)分冊(cè)，每?jī)?cè)有15課，每課兩篇閱讀材料。本叢書(shū)語(yǔ)言地道，知識(shí)面廣，信息量大，能有效訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，提高他們的閱讀速度。每課的第一篇閱讀材料篇幅長(zhǎng)400單詞左右，側(cè)重訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的快速閱讀能力；閱讀理解題則主要檢查學(xué)生是否能在快速閱讀后掌握閱讀材料中的事實(shí)和材料所傳達(dá)的思想。每課中的第二篇閱讀材料較短，著重訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的閱讀技巧，如：從上下文中猜測(cè)生詞的含義，找出作者的觀點(diǎn)，得出中心思想，排列事件順序，推斷作者的論點(diǎn)等。因此，我們認(rèn)為它是一套訓(xùn)練學(xué)生閱讀速度及閱讀理解能力并能同時(shí)開(kāi)拓他們視野的拓展型叢書(shū)，適合外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校初二及以上年級(jí)學(xué)生和非外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校高中學(xué)生課內(nèi)、外使用。怎樣使用本系列叢書(shū)呢？我們有以下的一些閱讀策略供大家參考。1．閱讀時(shí)，要集中注意力。2．用一分鐘閱讀標(biāo)題，并思考以下問(wèn)題：我是否了解這一話(huà)題？我從這個(gè)話(huà)題中能學(xué)到什么？這個(gè)話(huà)題引起了我怎樣的思考？3．重點(diǎn)閱讀文章第一句和最后一句，因?yàn)榈谝痪浜妥詈笠痪渫亲髡咛岢鲎约河^點(diǎn)和總結(jié)全文觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵句子。4．快速閱讀全文以獲得材料所傳達(dá)給你的信息。如遇到含有姓名、日期或數(shù)字等的內(nèi)容，你應(yīng)該放慢速度，以便記住這些內(nèi)容。怎樣才是一個(gè)快速閱讀者？

內(nèi)容概要

你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)環(huán)境建筑學(xué)嗎？你知道轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)基于怎樣的原理嗎？我們每天點(diǎn)擊的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是在哪種巧合下誕生的？歐洲中世紀(jì)城堡中一天的生活是怎樣的？中國(guó)古代的造紙術(shù)分哪幾個(gè)步驟？你一定想知道這些問(wèn)題的答案吧。翻開(kāi)這套“中學(xué)英語(yǔ)拓展閱讀叢書(shū)”，你就走進(jìn)了一個(gè)五彩斑斕的奇妙世界。    該叢書(shū)由外教社從美國(guó)著名出版機(jī)構(gòu)麥格勞一希爾（McGraw Hill）公司引進(jìn)，語(yǔ)言地道，知識(shí)面廣，信息量大，是一套既注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)閱讀能力，又致力開(kāi)闊他們視野的拓展型叢書(shū)。整套書(shū)編寫(xiě)理念先進(jìn)，編排設(shè)計(jì)科學(xué)，難度逐級(jí)遞升，既適合外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校及外語(yǔ)特色學(xué)校初二至高三年級(jí)的學(xué)生使用，也適合普通中學(xué)同等水平的學(xué)生使用。    我們期盼你在趣味盎然的閱讀環(huán)境中培養(yǎng)閱讀能力，遨游知識(shí)天地，學(xué)習(xí)地道英語(yǔ)。

書(shū)籍目錄

致學(xué)生致老師1 A The History of Space Travel1 B Neil Armstron9：First Person on the Moon2 A What lS a Botanist?2 B Do Plants FeeI Pain73 A Lakes and Rivers3 B Cleaning Up Rivers4 A How Flight Is Possible4 B Helicopters：FOrm and Function5 A Earth’S Layers5 B Making a Model of Earth’S Layers6 A The NobeI Prizes6 B Doctors Without Borders7 A The Organs of the Body7 B The Importance of Water in the Body8 A Technology for People with Hearing or Visual Impairments8 B Learning Sign Language9 A The Importance of Vitamins and Minerals9 B The Truth About Vitamin C10 A Gymnastics：A Sport of Balance10 B Training to Be a Gymnast11 A Growing Plants from Seeds—Guaranteed I11 B How Seeds TraveI12 A Precipitation12 B Classroom Dew—Point Experiment13 A Why Is the Ocean Blue?13 B Primary Colors of Paint and Light14 A How Humans Hear14 B Sound—Wave Interference15 AThe History of Numbers15 B Using Geometry to Solve Everyday Problems16 A Venus：Earth’S Sister Planet16 B Galile0’S Telescope17 A What lS a Reptile?17 8 Poisonous Snakes of the United States18 A The Parts of a Flowering Plant18 B Animal Helpers in the Garden19 A Gravity and Air Resistance19 B Streamlined Trains21 A Some Spiders of North America21 B Dr.Charles Turner，Zoologist21 A Plants and Animals in Ponds21 B What Is an Ecosystem?22 A Computer Memory and Storage22 B From Punch Cards to DVDs23 A Signs of Spring23 B Joseph’S Nature Journal……附錄

章節(jié)摘錄

For centuries people dreamed of space travel. This dream began to seem possible with the development of high-flying rockets in the early 1900s. A rocket travels through the air by shooting out a stream of hot gases. These gases come from the burning of fuel.In 1903 a Russian schoolteacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky created a plan for using rockets for space travel. His plan was the first one to include accurate scientific calculations. About 20 years later， a U. S. scientist named Robert Goddard built the first rockets that could reach high altitudes. In Germany in the 1920s， Hermann Oberth wrote a book that persuaded many powerful people that the new rockets made space flight possible. During World War II， German scientists designed large rockets that could travel long distances while carrying high explosives. After the war， scientists from Germany went to the United States and the Soviet Union to help design space rockets.Those two countries were soon in a race to space. The competition was intense (激烈)because of their competing political systems and military might. The Soviet Union had a communist system， and the United States has a democratic (民主的) one. The two rivals also had developed hydrogen bombs. People in the United States became concerned when the Soviets were the first to launch a space satellite， which was called Sputnik. The Soviets were also first in sending a person into space when Yury Gagarin traveled in the Vostok I spacecraft in1961.    The U.S. government became determined that its space program would be the first toput a person on the Moon. The U. S. space program built a series of Apollo spacecraft， which were powered by huge Saturn 5 rockets. In 1969， Apollo 11 took three men to the Moon. Neff Armstrong became the first person to set foot on the Moon.    After the Soviets lost the race to land people on the Moon， they built the first space station. The United States also built a space station. The space stations proved that people could live and work in space. The Soviet Union and the United States linked two spacecraft in space on a joint mission. This ended their “space race. “ Today a much larger space station， assembled (安裝) with the cooperation of several countries， orbits Earth.

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