出版時間:2011-4 出版社:上海三聯(lián)書店 作者:約瑟夫·雷伊 頁數(shù):574
Tag標(biāo)簽:無
前言
前言 呈現(xiàn)于您眼前的這套美國數(shù)學(xué)課本,是一套在西方流行了近半個世紀(jì)、至今仍在使用的經(jīng)典教材。編者約瑟夫·雷伊教授,1807年出生于美國弗吉尼亞俄亥俄縣,從小在當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校接受教育,成績優(yōu)秀。16歲時開始其教師職業(yè)生涯。18歲,雷伊來到富蘭克林學(xué)院跟隨喬爾·馬丁教授學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué),此后又進(jìn)入俄亥俄醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,他在辛辛那提伍德沃德中學(xué)任教,講授數(shù)學(xué)。1836年,伍德沃德中學(xué)由高中升格為辛辛那提伍德學(xué)院,雷伊成為該學(xué)院教授。1851年,該校又變?yōu)橐凰⒏咧?,雷伊一直在此?dān)任校長,直至去世。雷伊一生杰出的成就是他傾心編寫的系列數(shù)學(xué)教材,并以此聞名。這套數(shù)學(xué)課本與他在伍德學(xué)院的同事威廉·麥加菲編寫的《美國語文讀本》,同時被美國近萬所學(xué)校作為教材,累計銷量均超過1.22億冊,對幾代美國人的教育產(chǎn)生了很大影響。直至今日,這兩套書仍被當(dāng)作美國家庭教育(H·mesch·ling)的推薦教材,也是美國學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備SAT考試的參考用書?! ∨c其他數(shù)學(xué)書相比,雷伊數(shù)學(xué)教材至少有以下幾個明顯特點(diǎn): 第一,強(qiáng)調(diào)在“學(xué)”中掌握“數(shù)”。例如,《小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)》不完全按難度分冊,而是根據(jù)其實(shí)際應(yīng)用范圍分為四冊:初級算術(shù)、智力算術(shù)、實(shí)用算術(shù)與高級算術(shù)。讓學(xué)生從對數(shù)的認(rèn)知、運(yùn)算法則的掌握,延伸到數(shù)學(xué)在實(shí)際生活中的廣泛應(yīng)用,如購物、記賬、存款、利息等,并向更高的學(xué)術(shù)層次過渡?! 〉诙?,將數(shù)學(xué)問題融于文字題(W·rd Pr·blem)之中。即便最簡單的加減運(yùn)算,它也通過講故事的方式呈現(xiàn)出來。這樣孩子們在學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)時,不僅可以訓(xùn)練其數(shù)學(xué)思維,語言能力也可以同步提高?! 〉谌?,將抽象思維具體化。書中的數(shù)學(xué)題大都結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)事物表述出來,讓孩子們理解他們所學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中是如何加以應(yīng)用的。這對低年級學(xué)生來說,尤其幫助很大,他們能更快更清楚地理解那些對其年齡來講過于抽象的數(shù)學(xué)概念?! 〉谒?,將不同學(xué)科知識融入數(shù)學(xué)問題中。這種編寫方法能讓學(xué)生從數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用的不同領(lǐng)域來掌握數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué),幫助學(xué)生從低年級數(shù)學(xué)步入更復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,如幾何學(xué)與會計學(xué)等。孩子們在學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的同時,又能接受其他學(xué)科知識。如書中有這樣一道題:“華盛頓將軍出生于公元1732年,他活了67歲,那么他是于哪一年去世?”這么一道簡單的計算題,便將歷史知識與數(shù)學(xué)結(jié)合起來,一舉多得。 對于中國孩子來講,這套數(shù)學(xué)課本不僅能教孩子學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué),更是學(xué)習(xí)英語的很好途徑,讓他們換個思維學(xué)英語。與閱讀文學(xué)讀本相比,這是另一種不同的感覺,或許更能激發(fā)孩子學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣。數(shù)學(xué)的詞匯含義固定,也易于理解記憶,孩子在解題的同時也能提高英語水平,可謂一舉多得。對于那些將來準(zhǔn)備參加出國英語考試的學(xué)生來講,這套書意義更大,對他們將來的求學(xué)之路應(yīng)該大有幫助?! ∽詈?,我們需向讀者特別說明一點(diǎn),由于這套書涉及數(shù)字與數(shù)學(xué)符號偏多,考慮到重新錄入排版會出現(xiàn)一些難免的錯誤,給讀者學(xué)習(xí)帶來極大不便。于是我們采用了原版影印的辦法,以保證內(nèi)容的高度準(zhǔn)確性,但文字清晰度與重新錄入相比略有缺陷,敬請讀者諒解?! ≈孕淖T柑煜潞⒆觽兛鞓烦砷L,并期待您的寶貴意見與建議。
內(nèi)容概要
We are honored and happy to bring this classic Arithmetic by
Joseph Ray. These popular books sold more than any other arithmetic
in America, in fact over 120 million copies and are still used in
modern American schools and families. As you can see, this set of
Arithmetic textbooks is organized in an orderly manner around the
discipline of arithmetic itself.
Ray emphasized critical thinking in his classroom. He
believed that his students needed to learn how to apply what they
learned to real-life situations. Rather than giving his pupils
simple problems to solve, he preferred word problems. Students can
increase their reading comprehension skills, and learn to
think.
This is an extraordinary math text beyond what would be found in
any high school anywhere. It is 600 pages and is concerned with the
geometry of conics and should be studied by the advanced
student.
作者簡介
Joseph Ray was born on November 25, 1807, in Ohio County, Virginia. He attended local schools and quickly proved himself to be an adept student. By the time he was sixteen, he had begun a career as a teacher. In 1825, Ray enrolled in Franklin College in New Athens, Ohio. While a student at Franklin College, Ray studied medicine under Joel Martin. Upon graduating from college in 1828, Ray enrolled in the Medical College of Ohio, located in Cincinnati. During the winter he attended college, and during the summers, he taught school. He graduated in 1831.Ray is most famous for authoring mathematical textbooks. By the end of the nineteenth century, Ray's texts had become the most widely used math books in the United States, with sales approaching 120 million copies. For a time, they were the most used textbooks across all disciplines. William McGuffey, a colleague of Ray's at Woodward College, eventually produced a series of English readers.Ray was a member of the Ohio State Teachers Association and served as that organization's president in 1853. In 1854, he became an associate editor for The Ohio Journal of Education. He died on April 11, 1855, from tuberculosis. 約瑟夫·雷伊教授于1807年出生于美國弗吉尼亞俄亥俄縣,小時在地方學(xué)校接受教育,學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)秀。16歲時,他就開始步入其教師生涯,1825年到富蘭克林學(xué)院求學(xué),跟隨喬爾·馬丁教授學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)。1828年畢業(yè)后進(jìn)入俄亥俄醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí),1831年畢業(yè)。大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,他在辛辛那提的伍德沃德中學(xué)找了份當(dāng)教師的工作,開始教數(shù)學(xué)。1836年,俄亥俄司法當(dāng)局準(zhǔn)許伍德沃德中學(xué)由高中升格為辛辛那提伍德學(xué)院,雷伊成為該學(xué)院的一名教授。1851年,該校以變?yōu)橐凰⒏咧校滓烈恢痹诖藫?dān)任校長,直至去世?! ±滓磷罱艹龅呢暙I(xiàn)是他編寫的系列數(shù)學(xué)教材,并以此聞名。這套數(shù)學(xué)課本與他在伍德學(xué)院的同事麥加菲編寫的《美國語文讀本》,一同被作為美國學(xué)校的語文和數(shù)學(xué)教材,近50年內(nèi),美國上萬學(xué)校使用這兩套教材,累計銷量均超過1.22億冊,對美國教育產(chǎn)生了極大影響?! ±滓两淌趯Χ砗ザ碇莸慕處熉殬I(yè)培訓(xùn)也發(fā)揮了很大作用,他幫助建立西部文化中心與職業(yè)教師學(xué)院,將好的教學(xué)技術(shù)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳授給老師。他加入俄亥俄州教師協(xié)會成員,并于1853年任其會長,此外還擔(dān)任《俄亥俄教育》雜志社的副總編。
書籍目錄
THE NATURE,DIVISIONS,AND METHOD OF THE SCIENCE
?、?DETERMINATE GEOMETRY
Ⅱ.INDETERMINATE GEOMETRY
BOOK Ⅰ PLANE CO-ORDINATES
PARTⅠ THE REPRESENTATION OF FORM BY ANALYTIC SYMBOLS
CHAPTER 1 THE OLDER GEOMETRY:BILINEAR AND POLAR
CO-ORDINATES
?、? THE POINT
Ⅱ. THE RIGHT LINE
?、? PAIRS OF RIGHT LINES
?、? THE CIRCLE
?、? THE ELLIPSE
Ⅵ. THE HYPERBOLA
?、? THE PARABOLA
?、? LOCUS OF SECOND ORDER IN GENERAL
CHAPTER 2 THE MODERN GEOMETRY:TRILINEAR AND TANGENTIAL
CO-ORDINATES
?、?TRILINEAR CO-ORDINATES
?、?TANGENTIAL CO-ORDINATES
……
BOOK Ⅱ CO-ORDINATES IN SPACE
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