美國(guó)語(yǔ)文讀本2

前言

　　序言　　呈現(xiàn)于讀者面前的這套《美國(guó)語(yǔ)文讀本》，亦名《麥加菲讀本》，其編者威廉oHo麥加菲曾先后任美國(guó)邁阿密大學(xué)語(yǔ)言學(xué)教授和俄亥俄大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。考慮到"麥加菲"的英文名稱在美國(guó)已被注冊(cè)為商標(biāo)，加之它是一套影響深遠(yuǎn)而廣泛的語(yǔ)文課本，我們?cè)谥袊?guó)首次原版出版這套著名教材時(shí)，便將書名定為《美國(guó)語(yǔ)文讀本》。這套書既有教材功能，又可當(dāng)作提高英語(yǔ)水平的有效讀物。　　《美國(guó)語(yǔ)文讀本》從19世紀(jì)中期至20世紀(jì)中葉，一直被廣泛用作美國(guó)學(xué)校的語(yǔ)文教材，據(jù)稱有10000多所美國(guó)學(xué)校拿它當(dāng)作教材。美國(guó)著名汽車制造商亨利o福特稱贊這套書是他兒童時(shí)代最有興趣的讀物，后來他自費(fèi)大量印刷這套書，分發(fā)給很多學(xué)校。到了21世紀(jì)，西方一些私立學(xué)校(Private School)和家庭學(xué)校（Homeschool）仍用它作為教材，足見這套書的價(jià)值與影響力。據(jù)估計(jì)，這套書從問世至1960年，至少發(fā)行了1.22億冊(cè)；1961年后，在西方每年銷量仍達(dá)30000冊(cè)以上。應(yīng)該說，沒有哪一套個(gè)人主編的教材能超過此發(fā)行量了！　　這套讀本的英文原版共分七級(jí)，包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級(jí)。考慮到啟蒙讀本與第一級(jí)篇幅都較少，難易程度也很接近，于是我們將之合并為第1冊(cè)，其余2-6級(jí)與英文原版相同。這樣國(guó)內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊(cè)。第1冊(cè)從字母表開始，主要側(cè)重于字母的發(fā)音與書寫、簡(jiǎn)單的單詞與句型，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)英文書寫，課文后面附有不少書法練習(xí)，讓孩子們不僅將英語(yǔ)說得像外國(guó)人，而且寫得也跟外文書法一樣，這是國(guó)內(nèi)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)所缺少的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。從第2冊(cè)開始，均是比較正式的課文了，每一課包括詞匯和課文，對(duì)一些生詞有英文解釋，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)通過簡(jiǎn)單英文理解生詞，養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)理解和思維的習(xí)慣。第4冊(cè)還附有課后思考練習(xí)，這些練習(xí)可以幫助學(xué)生更好理解文章，引發(fā)孩子們的思考。第5冊(cè)和第6冊(cè)的課文前增加了作者簡(jiǎn)介與相關(guān)背景知識(shí)，內(nèi)容豐富而有一定深度。　　從所選課文的英文難易程度來看，大致而言，這套讀本的第1-3冊(cè)跟國(guó)內(nèi)小學(xué)畢業(yè)程度相近，那么第4級(jí)則適用于初中生閱讀使用，第5、6冊(cè)可供高中及以上程度學(xué)習(xí)者閱讀。從文體方面我們可以看出，除了常見的記敘、散文體以外，這套讀本對(duì)詩(shī)歌、戲劇、論說文等文體也很重視，書中選取了不少名家的名作名篇。這對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)孩子們真正感受英語(yǔ)這一西方語(yǔ)言的魄力是大有幫助的?！　∪祟愇幕墓鍖毑粌H源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，而且具有很大共通性，在全社會(huì)不斷呼吁教育改革的今天，我們將這套優(yōu)秀的美國(guó)讀本引進(jìn)到國(guó)內(nèi)，應(yīng)該具有一定的借鑒意義。它也有益于中國(guó)孩子在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的同時(shí)，了解西方的文學(xué)與文化歷史，通過英語(yǔ)這門語(yǔ)言工具，開闊自己的視野，打開通往世界的心靈之窗。這也我們出版此套書的內(nèi)心所愿！　　作為此書的出版者，我們最后懇請(qǐng)讀者原諒并給予幫助的是，由于此套書出版過程中掃描和編排校對(duì)的工作量較大，或許會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些錯(cuò)誤與不當(dāng)之處，懇請(qǐng)讀者諒解并指正，以幫助我們更加完善此套讀本?！　〕霭嬲?/pre>


內(nèi)容概要
這套讀本的英文原版共分七級(jí)，包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級(jí)。考慮到啟蒙讀本與第一級(jí)篇幅都較少，難易程度也很接近，于是將之合并為第1冊(cè)，其余2-6級(jí)與英文原版相同。這樣國(guó)內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊(cè)。
　　從本書開始，均是比較正式的課文，概述了歷史、生物、天文、動(dòng)物學(xué)、植物學(xué)、餐桌禮儀、行為舉止、對(duì)神和老師的態(tài)度等。每一課包括詞匯和課文，并且對(duì)一些生詞的英文做出了解釋，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)通過簡(jiǎn)單英文理解生詞，養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)理解和思維的習(xí)慣。
　　This series of schoolbooks teaching reading and moral precepts,
originally prepared by William Holmes who was a professor at Miami
University McGuffey, had a profound influence on public education
in the United States. The eclectic readers, meaning that the
selections were chosen from a number of sources, were considered
remarkably literary works and probably exerted a greater influence
upon literary tastes in the United States more than any other book,
excluding the Bible.
　　It is estimated that at least 120 million copies of McGuffey's
Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a
category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary. Since 1961 they
have continued to sell at a rate of some 30,000 copies a year. No
other textbook bearing a single person's name has come close to
that mark. McGuffey's Readers are still in use today in some school
systems, and by parents for home schooling purposes.
　　The second reader appeared simultaneously with the first and
followed the same pattern. It contained reading and spelling with
eighty-five lessons, sixteen pictures and one-hundred sixty-six
pages. It outlined history, biology, astronomy, zoology, botany;
table manners, behavior towards family, attitudes toward God and
teachers, the poor; the great and the good. The duties of youth are
stressed. Millions of pioneer men and women were alumni of this
second reader college, they were able to read and write
English.


作者簡(jiǎn)介
　　威廉·H·麥加菲，美國(guó)著名教育家。1800年出生于賓夕法尼亞州，1826年畢業(yè)于華盛頓大學(xué)杰斐遜學(xué)院。在數(shù)十年教育生涯中，他曾擔(dān)任過邁阿密大學(xué)語(yǔ)言學(xué)教授，俄亥俄大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。自1845年開始任弗吉尼亞大學(xué)道德哲學(xué)教授。他還幫助組建了俄亥俄州公立學(xué)校體系?！　≡缭?9世紀(jì)初期，麥加菲就意識(shí)到，應(yīng)該給那些孤獨(dú)的墾荒者和歐洲移民的后代提供普遍的教育，于是他利用自己作為演講家與教育工作者的天賦，開始為孩子們編寫系列教材。這套教材共7冊(cè)，從學(xué)齡前至第6年級(jí)。他前后花費(fèi)了20多年的時(shí)間才完成全套教材的編寫。這套教材面世后就被美國(guó)很多學(xué)校選為課本。在75年間銷量高達(dá)1.22億，直到今天仍以各種版本流行于西方，被美國(guó)《出版周刊》評(píng)為“人類出版史上第三大暢銷書”，對(duì)美國(guó)青年的心靈塑造與道德培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生了史無前例的影響?！　illiam Holmes McGuffey (September 23, 1800 – May 4, 1873) was an American professor and college president who is best known for writing the McGuffey Readers, one of the nation's first and most widely used series of textbooks. It is estimated that at least 122 million copies of McGuffey Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary.　　He was born the son of Alexander and Anna (Holmes) McGuffey near Claysville in Washington County, Pennsylvania, which is 45 miles southwest of Pittsburgh. In 1802 the McGuffey family moved further out into the frontier at Tuscarawas County, Ohio. He attended country school, and after receiving special instruction at Youngstown, he attended Greersburg Academy in Darlington, Pennsylvania. Afterwards, he attended and graduated from Pennsylvania's Washington College, where he became an instructor.　　He was close friends with Washington College's President Andrew Wylie and lived in Wylie's house for a time; they often would walk the 3 miles to Washington College together.　　McGuffey's house in OxfordMcGuffey left Washington College in 1826 to become a professor at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. A year later in 1827, he was married to Harriet Spinning of Dayton, Ohio, with whom he had five children. In 1829, he was ordained at Bethel Chapel as a minister in the Presbyterian Church. It was in Oxford that he created the most important contribution of his life: The McGuffey Readers. His books sold over 122 million copies. He was very fond of teaching and children as he geared the books toward a younger audience.　　In 1836, he left Miami to become president of Cincinnati College, where he also served as a distinguished teacher and lecturer. He left Cincinnati in 1839 to become the 4th president of Ohio University, which he left in 1843 to become president of Woodward College (really a secondary school) in Cincinnati.　　In 1845, McGuffey moved to Charlottesville, Virginia where he became Professor of Philosophy at the University of Virginia. A year after his first wife Harriet died in 1850, he married Miss Laura Howard, daughter of Dean Howard of the University of Virginia, in 1851. McGuffey is buried in the university burial ground, in Charlottesville, Virginia. The School of Education at Miami University is housed in McGuffey Hall which is named for him and his home in Oxford is a National Historic Landmark offering tours on weekdays.


書籍目錄
LESSON 1 EVENING AT HOME
LESSON 2 BUBBLES
LESSON 3 WILLIE’S LETTER
LESSON 4 THE LITTLE STAR
LESSON 5 TWO DOGS
LESSON 6 AFRAID IN THE DARK
LESSON 7 BABY BYE
LESSON 8 PUSS AND HER KITTENS
LESSON 9 KITTY AND MOUSIE
LESSON 10 AT WORK
LESSON 11 WHAT A BIRD TAUGHT
LESSON 12 SUSIE SUNBEAM
LESSON 13 IF I WERE A SUNBEAM
LESSON 14 HENRY, THE BOOTBLACK
LESSON 15 DON’T WAKE THE BABY
LESSON 16 A KIND BROTHER
LESSON 17 MY GOOD-FOR-NOTHING
LESSON 18 THE KINGBIRD
LESSON 19 EVENING HYMN
LESSON 20 THE QUARREL
LESSON 21 THE BEE
LESSON 22 THE SONG OF THE BEE
LESSON 23 THE TORN DOLL
LESSON 24 SHEEP-SHEARING
LESSON 25 THE CLOUDS
LESSON 26 PATTY AND THE SQUIRREL
LESSON 27 THE SPARROW
LESSON 28 SAM AND HARRY
LESSON 29 THE LITTLE HILL
LESSON 30 THE BOAT UPSET
LESSON 31 MARY’S LETTER
LESSON 32 THE TIGER
LESSON 33 THE FIRESIDE
LESSON 34 BIRDIE’S MORNING SONG
LESSON 35 WILLIE AND BOUNCE
LESSON 36 WILLIE AND BOUNCE (CONCLUDED)
LESSON 37 THE KITCHEN CLOCK
LESSON 38 THE NEW SCALES
LESSON 39 THE BEAR AND THE CHILDREN
LESSON 40 THE LITTLE HAREBELL
LESSON 41 THE FISHHAWK
LESSON 42 WHAT THE LEAF SAID
LESSON 43 THE WIND AND THE LEAVES
LESSON 44 MAMMA’S PRESENT
LESSON 45 MARY’S STORY
LESSON 46 RALPH WICK
LESSON 47 COASTING DOWN THE HILL
LESSON 48 THE FOX AND THE DUCKS
LESSON 49 PRETTY IS THAT PRETTY DOES
LESSON 50 THE STORY-TELLER
LESSON 51 THE STORY TELLER (CONCLUDED)
LESSON 52 THE OWL
LESSON 53 THE OWL (CONCLUDED)
LESSON 54 GRANDFATHER’S STORY
LESSON 55 GOD IS GREAT AND GOOD
LESSON 56 A GOOD OLD MAN
LESSON 57 THE GREEDY GIRL
LESSON 58 A PLACE FOR EVERYTHING
LESSON 59 MY MOTHER
LESSON 60 THE BROKEN WINDOW
LESSON 61 THE BROKEN WINDOW (CONCLUDED)
LESSON 62 FRANK AND THE HOURGLASS
LESSON 63 MARCH
LESSON 64 JENNY’S CALL
LESSON 65 POOR DAVY
LESSON 66 ALICE’S SUPPER
LESSON 67 A SNOWSTORM
LESSON 68 BESSIE
LESSON 69 BESSIE (CONCLUDED)
LESSON 70 CHEERFULNESS
LESSON 71 LULLABY


章節(jié)摘錄
　　LESSON 1 EVENING AT HOME　　1. It is winter. The cold wind whistles through the branches of the trees.　　2. Mr. Brown has done his day's work, and his children, Harry and Kate, have come home from school. They learned their lessons well today, and both feel happy.　　3. Tea is over. Mrs. Brown has put the little sitting room in order. The fire burns brightly. One lamp gives light enough for all. On the stool is a basket of fine apples. They seem to say, "Won't you have one?"　　4. Harry and Kate read a story in a new book. The father reads his newspaper, and the mother mends Harry's stockings.　　5. By and by, they will tell one another what they have been reading about, and will have a chat over the events of the day.　　6. Harry and Kate's bedtime will come first. I think I see them kiss their dear father and mother a sweet good night.　　7. Do you not wish that every boy and girl could have a home like this?　　LESSON 2 BUBBLES　　1. The boys have come out on the porch to blow bubbles. The old cat is asleep on the mat by the door.　　2. "Ha! ha!" laughs Robert, as a bubble comes down softly on the old cat's back, and does not burst.　　3. Willie tries to make his bubble do the same. This time it comes down on the cat's face, and makes her sneeze.　　4. "She would rather wash her face without soap, " says Harry. "Now let us see who can make the biggest bubble."　　5. "Mine is the biggest, " says Robert. "See how high it floats in the air! I can see-ah! it has burst."　　6. "I can see the house and the trees and the sky in mine, " says Willie; "and such beautiful colors."　　7. "How many, Willie?"　　8. "Red, one; blue, two; there-they are all out. Let us try again."　　9. "I know how many colors there are, " says Harry. "Just as many as there are in the rainbow."　　10. "Do you know how many that is?"　　……








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