美國(guó)語(yǔ)文讀本1

前言

　　序言　　呈現(xiàn)于讀者面前的這套《美國(guó)語(yǔ)文讀本》，亦名《麥加菲讀本》，其編者威廉oHo麥加菲曾先后任美國(guó)邁阿密大學(xué)語(yǔ)言學(xué)教授和俄亥俄大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。考慮到"麥加菲"的英文名稱在美國(guó)已被注冊(cè)為商標(biāo)，加之它是一套影響深遠(yuǎn)而廣泛的語(yǔ)文課本，我們?cè)谥袊?guó)首次原版出版這套著名教材時(shí)，便將書名定為《美國(guó)語(yǔ)文讀本》。這套書既有教材功能，又可當(dāng)作提高英語(yǔ)水平的有效讀物?！　　睹绹?guó)語(yǔ)文讀本》從19世紀(jì)中期至20世紀(jì)中葉，一直被廣泛用作美國(guó)學(xué)校的語(yǔ)文教材，據(jù)稱有10000多所美國(guó)學(xué)校拿它當(dāng)作教材。美國(guó)著名汽車制造商亨利o福特稱贊這套書是他兒童時(shí)代最有興趣的讀物，后來(lái)他自費(fèi)大量印刷這套書，分發(fā)給很多學(xué)校。到了21世紀(jì)，西方一些私立學(xué)校(Private School)和家庭學(xué)校（Homeschool）仍用它作為教材，足見這套書的價(jià)值與影響力。據(jù)估計(jì)，這套書從問世至1960年，至少發(fā)行了1.22億冊(cè)；1961年后，在西方每年銷量仍達(dá)30000冊(cè)以上。應(yīng)該說，沒有哪一套個(gè)人主編的教材能超過此發(fā)行量了！　　這套讀本的英文原版共分七級(jí)，包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級(jí)?？紤]到啟蒙讀本與第一級(jí)篇幅都較少，難易程度也很接近，于是我們將之合并為第1冊(cè)，其余2-6級(jí)與英文原版相同。這樣國(guó)內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊(cè)。第1冊(cè)從字母表開始，主要側(cè)重于字母的發(fā)音與書寫、簡(jiǎn)單的單詞與句型，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)英文書寫，課文后面附有不少書法練習(xí)，讓孩子們不僅將英語(yǔ)說得像外國(guó)人，而且寫得也跟外文書法一樣，這是國(guó)內(nèi)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)所缺少的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。從第2冊(cè)開始，均是比較正式的課文了，每一課包括詞匯和課文，對(duì)一些生詞有英文解釋，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)通過簡(jiǎn)單英文理解生詞，養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)理解和思維的習(xí)慣。第4冊(cè)還附有課后思考練習(xí)，這些練習(xí)可以幫助學(xué)生更好理解文章，引發(fā)孩子們的思考。第5冊(cè)和第6冊(cè)的課文前增加了作者簡(jiǎn)介與相關(guān)背景知識(shí)，內(nèi)容豐富而有一定深度。　　從所選課文的英文難易程度來(lái)看，大致而言，這套讀本的第1-3冊(cè)跟國(guó)內(nèi)小學(xué)畢業(yè)程度相近，那么第4級(jí)則適用于初中生閱讀使用，第5、6冊(cè)可供高中及以上程度學(xué)習(xí)者閱讀。從文體方面我們可以看出，除了常見的記敘、散文體以外，這套讀本對(duì)詩(shī)歌、戲劇、論說文等文體也很重視，書中選取了不少名家的名作名篇。這對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)孩子們真正感受英語(yǔ)這一西方語(yǔ)言的魄力是大有幫助的?！　∪祟愇幕墓鍖毑粌H源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，而且具有很大共通性，在全社會(huì)不斷呼吁教育改革的今天，我們將這套優(yōu)秀的美國(guó)讀本引進(jìn)到國(guó)內(nèi)，應(yīng)該具有一定的借鑒意義。它也有益于中國(guó)孩子在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的同時(shí)，了解西方的文學(xué)與文化歷史，通過英語(yǔ)這門語(yǔ)言工具，開闊自己的視野，打開通往世界的心靈之窗。這也我們出版此套書的內(nèi)心所愿！　　作為此書的出版者，我們最后懇請(qǐng)讀者原諒并給予幫助的是，由于此套書出版過程中掃描和編排校對(duì)的工作量較大，或許會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些錯(cuò)誤與不當(dāng)之處，懇請(qǐng)讀者諒解并指正，以幫助我們更加完善此套讀本?！　〕霭嬲?/pre>


內(nèi)容概要
This series of schoolbooks teaching reading and moral precepts,
originally prepared by William Holmes who was a professor at Miami
University McGuffey, had a profound influence on public education
in the United States. The eclectic readers, meaning that the
selections were chosen from a number of sources, were considered
remarkably literary works and probably exerted a greater influence
upon literary tastes in the United States more than any other book,
excluding the Bible.
It is estimated that at least 120 million copies of McGuffey's
Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a
category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary. Since 1961 they
have continued to sell at a rate of some 30,000 copies a year. No
other textbook bearing a single person's name has come close to
that mark. McGuffey's Readers are still in use today in some school
systems, and by parents for home schooling purposes.
This first reader of 1841 introduces children to McGuffey's ethical
code. The child modeled in this book is prompt, good, kind, honest
and truthful. This first book contained fifty-five lessons.


作者簡(jiǎn)介
　　威廉·H·麥加菲，美國(guó)著名教育家。1800年出生于賓夕法尼亞州，1826年畢業(yè)于華盛頓大學(xué)杰斐遜學(xué)院。在數(shù)十年教育生涯中，他曾擔(dān)任過邁阿密大學(xué)語(yǔ)言學(xué)教授，俄亥俄大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。自1845年開始任弗吉尼亞大學(xué)道德哲學(xué)教授。他還幫助組建了俄亥俄州公立學(xué)校體系?！　≡缭?9世紀(jì)初期，麥加菲就意識(shí)到，應(yīng)該給那些孤獨(dú)的墾荒者和歐洲移民的后代提供普遍的教育，于是他利用自己作為演講家與教育工作者的天賦，開始為孩子們編寫系列教材。這套教材共7冊(cè)，從學(xué)齡前至第6年級(jí)。他前后花費(fèi)了20多年的時(shí)間才完成全套教材的編寫。這套教材面世后就被美國(guó)很多學(xué)校選為課本。在75年間銷量高達(dá)1.22億，直到今天仍以各種版本流行于西方，被美國(guó)《出版周刊》評(píng)為“人類出版史上第三大暢銷書”，對(duì)美國(guó)青年的心靈塑造與道德培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生了史無(wú)前例的影響。　　William Holmes McGuffey (September 23, 1800 – May 4, 1873) was an American professor and college president who is best known for writing the McGuffey Readers, one of the nation's first and most widely used series of textbooks. It is estimated that at least 122 million copies of McGuffey Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary.　　He was born the son of Alexander and Anna (Holmes) McGuffey near Claysville in Washington County, Pennsylvania, which is 45 miles southwest of Pittsburgh. In 1802 the McGuffey family moved further out into the frontier at Tuscarawas County, Ohio. He attended country school, and after receiving special instruction at Youngstown, he attended Greersburg Academy in Darlington, Pennsylvania. Afterwards, he attended and graduated from Pennsylvania's Washington College, where he became an instructor.　　He was close friends with Washington College's President Andrew Wylie and lived in Wylie's house for a time; they often would walk the 3 miles to Washington College together.　　McGuffey's house in OxfordMcGuffey left Washington College in 1826 to become a professor at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. A year later in 1827, he was married to Harriet Spinning of Dayton, Ohio, with whom he had five children. In 1829, he was ordained at Bethel Chapel as a minister in the Presbyterian Church. It was in Oxford that he created the most important contribution of his life: The McGuffey Readers. His books sold over 122 million copies. He was very fond of teaching and children as he geared the books toward a younger audience.　　In 1836, he left Miami to become president of Cincinnati College, where he also served as a distinguished teacher and lecturer. He left Cincinnati in 1839 to become the 4th president of Ohio University, which he left in 1843 to become president of Woodward College (really a secondary school) in Cincinnati.　　In 1845, McGuffey moved to Charlottesville, Virginia where he became Professor of Philosophy at the University of Virginia. A year after his first wife Harriet died in 1850, he married Miss Laura Howard, daughter of Dean Howard of the University of Virginia, in 1851. McGuffey is buried in the university burial ground, in Charlottesville, Virginia. The School of Education at Miami University is housed in McGuffey Hall which is named for him and his home in Oxford is a National Historic Landmark offering tours on weekdays.



章節(jié)摘錄
　　LESSON 37　　What kind of house is this?　　Do you think it is a schoolhouse, or a church?　　It looks like a church, but I think it is a schoolhouse.　　I see the boys and girls with their books and　slates.　　When the bell rings, they will go in.　　A good child likes to go to school.　　LESSON 38　　"John! come here. Be quick, and tell me what　kind of bird this is."　　"Do you not know, Henry?"　　"Oh, no! what is it?"　　"It is a quail."　　"It is the first quail I have seen. Is it good to　eat?"　　"Yes; but I should not like to kill it."　　LESSON 39　　Is not this a dear baby in the crib?　　Her name is Kate, and she has big, blue eyes.　　You can not see her eyes, for they are shut.　　Kate is a good baby; but she will cry if she is　hurt, or if she is not well.　　Bess likes to sit near the baby, and to rock her in　the crib.　　LESSON 40 REVIEW　　Henry Black and Ned Bell live near our house.　They go to school, and I see them go by each day　with their books and slates.　Miss May tells the girls and boys that they　should be at the schoolhouse when the bell rings.　　So Henry walks fast, and is fi rst at school. He is a　good boy, and wants to keep the rule of the school.　Ned is not a good boy. I do not think he likes to　go to school or to church.　I saw him try to kill a quail with a stone. The　quail is too quick a bird for that, and Ned did not　hurt it; but I know that a good child would not try　to kill a bird.　　LESSON 96　　It is noon, and the school is out. Do you see the　children at play? Some run and jump, some play　ball, and three little girls play school under a tree.　What a big room for such a small school!　　Mary is the teacher. They all have books in their　hands, and Fanny is reading.　They are all good girls, and would not be rude　even in playing school.　　LESSON 100　　One evening Frank's father said to him, "Frank, would you like to go with me to catch some fish?"　　"Yes; may I go? and with you, father? "　　"Yes, Frank, with me."　　"Oh, how glad I am!"　　Here they are, on the bank of a river. Frank has just pulled a fine fish out of the water. How proud he feels! See what a nice, quiet spot they have found. Frank has the stump of a big tree for his seat, and his father sits on a log near by. They like the sport.　　……








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