美國語文讀本4

前言

　　序言　　呈現(xiàn)于讀者面前的這套《美國語文讀本》，亦名《麥加菲讀本》，其編者威廉？H？麥加菲曾先后任美國邁阿密大學(xué)語言學(xué)教授和俄亥俄大學(xué)校長?？紤]到“麥加菲”的英文名稱在美國已被注冊為商標，加之它是一套影響深遠而廣泛的語文課本，我們在中國首次原版出版這套著名教材時，便將書名定為《美國語文讀本》。這套書既有教材功能，又可當作提高英語水平的有效讀物?！　　睹绹Z文讀本》從19世紀中期至20世紀中葉，一直被廣泛用作美國學(xué)校的語文教材，據(jù)稱有10000多所美國學(xué)校拿它當作教材。美國著名汽車制造商亨利？福特稱贊這套書是他兒童時代最有興趣的讀物，后來他自費大量印刷這套書，分發(fā)給很多學(xué)校。到了21世紀，西方一些私立學(xué)校（Private School）和家庭學(xué)校（Homeschool）仍用它作為教材，足見這套書的價值與影響力。據(jù)估計，這套書從問世至1960年，至少發(fā)行了1.22億冊；1961年后，在西方每年銷量仍達30000冊以上。應(yīng)該說，沒有哪一套個人主編的教材能超過此發(fā)行量了！　　這套讀本的英文原版共分七級，包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級。考慮到啟蒙讀本與第一級篇幅都較少，難易程度也很接近，于是我們將之合并為第1冊，其余2-6級與英文原版相同。這樣國內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊。第1冊從字母表開始，主要側(cè)重于字母的發(fā)音與書寫、簡單的單詞與句型，同時強調(diào)英文書寫，課文后面附有不少書法練習(xí)，讓孩子們不僅將英語說得像外國人，而且寫得也跟外文書法一樣，這是國內(nèi)英語教學(xué)所缺少的一個環(huán)節(jié)。從第2冊開始，均是比較正式的課文了，每一課包括詞匯和課文，對一些生詞有英文解釋，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會通過簡單英文理解生詞，養(yǎng)成用英語理解和思維的習(xí)慣。第4冊還附有課后思考練習(xí)，這些練習(xí)可以幫助學(xué)生更好理解文章，引發(fā)孩子們的思考。第5冊和第6冊的課文前增加了作者簡介與相關(guān)背景知識，內(nèi)容豐富而有一定深度?！　乃x課文的英文難易程度來看，大致而言，這套讀本的第1-3冊跟國內(nèi)小學(xué)畢業(yè)程度相近，那么第4級則適用于初中生閱讀使用，第5、6冊可供高中及以上程度學(xué)習(xí)者閱讀。從文體方面我們可以看出，除了常見的記敘、散文體以外，這套讀本對詩歌、戲劇、論說文等文體也很重視，書中選取了不少名家的名作名篇。這對國內(nèi)孩子們真正感受英語這一西方語言的魄力是大有幫助的。　　人類文化的瑰寶不僅源遠流長，而且具有很大共通性，在全社會不斷呼吁教育改革的今天，我們將這套優(yōu)秀的美國讀本引進到國內(nèi)，應(yīng)該具有一定的借鑒意義。它也有益于中國孩子在學(xué)習(xí)英語的同時，了解西方的文學(xué)與文化歷史，通過英語這門語言工具，開闊自己的視野，打開通往世界的心靈之窗。這也我們出版此套書的內(nèi)心所愿！　　作為此書的出版者，我們最后懇請讀者原諒并給予幫助的是，由于此套書出版過程中掃描和編排校對的工作量較大，或許會出現(xiàn)一些錯誤與不當之處，懇請讀者諒解并指正，以幫助我們更加完善此套讀本?！　〕霭嬲?/pre>


內(nèi)容概要
這套讀本的英文原版共分七級，包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級?？紤]到啟蒙讀本與第一級篇幅都較少，難易程度也很接近，于是將之合并為第1冊，其余2-6級與英文原版相同。這樣國內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊。
　　本書介紹了一些優(yōu)美的文學(xué)作品，包括詩歌和《圣經(jīng)》的節(jié)選。主要討論了拿破侖?波拿巴、清教徒先祖、婦女、上帝、宗教信仰和哲學(xué)等話題。課后還附有一些思考練習(xí)，這些練習(xí)可以幫助學(xué)生更好地理解文章，引發(fā)孩子們的思考。本書更適合高年級學(xué)生閱讀


作者簡介
威廉?H?麥加菲　美國著名教育家。1800年出生于賓夕法尼亞州，1826年畢業(yè)于華盛頓大學(xué)杰斐遜學(xué)院。在數(shù)十年教育生涯中，他曾擔(dān)任過邁阿密大學(xué)語言學(xué)教授，俄亥俄大學(xué)校長。自1845年開始任弗吉尼亞大學(xué)道德哲學(xué)教授。他還幫助組建了俄亥俄州公立學(xué)校體系。
　　


書籍目錄
LESSON 1 PERSEVERANCE
LESSON 2 TRY, TRY AGAIN
LESSON 3 WHY THE SEA IS SALT
LESSON 4 WHY THE SEA IS SALT (CONCLUDED。)
LESSON 5 POPPING CORN
LESSON 6 SMILES
LESSON 7 LAZY NED
LESSON 8 THE MONKEY
LESSON 9 MEDDLESOME MATTY
LESSON 10 THE GOOD SON
LESSON 11 TOMORROW
LESSON 12 WHERE THERE IS A WILL THERE IS A WAY
LESSON 13 PICCOLA
LESSON 14 TRUE MANLINESS
LESSON 15 TRUE MANLINESS (CONCLUDED。)
LESSON 16 THE BROWN THRUSH
LESSON 17 A SHIP IN A STORM
LESSON 18 THE SAILOR’S CONSOLATION
LESSON 19 TWO WAYS OF TELLING A STORY
LESSON 20 FREAKS OF THE FROST
LESSON 21 WASTE NOT, WANT NOT
LESSON 22 JEANNETTE AND JO
LESSON 23 THE LION
LESSON 24 STRAWBERRIES
LESSON 25 HARRY’S RICHES
LESSON 26 IN TIME’S SWING
LESSON 27 HARRY AND HIS DOG
LESSON 28 THE VOICE OF THE GRASS
LESSON 29 THE EAGLE
LESSON 30 THE OLD EAGLE TREE
LESSON 31 ALPINE SONG
LESSON 32 CIRCUMSTANCES ALTER CASES
LESSON 33 THE NOBLEST REVENGE
LESSON 34 EVENING HYMN
LESSON 35 HOW MARGERY WONDERED
LESSON 36 THE CHILD’S WORLD
LESSON 37 SUSIE’S COMPOSITION
LESSON 38 THE SUMMER SHOWER
LESSON 39 CONSEQUENCES OF IDLENESS
LESSON 40 ADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRY
LESSON 41 THE FOUNTAIN
LESSON 42 COFFEE
LESSON 43 THE WINTER KING
LESSON 44 THE NETTLE
LESSON 45 THE TEMPEST
LESSON 46 THE CREATOR
LESSON 47 THE HORSE
LESSON 48 EMULATION
LESSON 49 THE SANDPIPER
LESSON 50 THE RIGHT WAY
LESSON 51 THE GOLDEN RULE
LESSON 52 THE SNOW MAN
LESSON 53 ROBINSON CRUSOE’S HOUSE
LESSON 54 ROBINSON CRUSOE’S DRESS
LESSON 55 SOMEBODY’S DARLING
LESSON 56 KNOWLEDGE IS POWER
LESSON 57 GOOD WILL
LESSON 58 A CHINESE STORY
LESSON 59 THE WAY TO BE HAPPY
LESSON 60 THE GIRAFFE, OR CAMELOPARD
LESSON 61 THE LOST CHILD
LESSON 62 WHICH?
LESSON 63 THE PET FAWN
LESSON 64 ANNIE’S DREAM
LESSON 65 MY GHOST
LESSON 66 THE ELEPHANT
LESSON 67 DARE TO DO RIGHT
LESSON 68 DARE TO DO RIGHT (CONCLUDED。)
LESSON 69 THE WRECK OF THE HESPERUS
LESSON 70 ANECDOTES OF BIRDS
LESSON 71 THE RAINBOW PILGRIMAGE
LESSON 72 THE OLD OAKEN BUCKET
LESSON 73 THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT
LESSON 74 THE YOUNG WITNESS
LESSON 75 KING SOLOMON AND THE ANTS
LESSON 76 RIVERMOUTH THEATER
LESSON 77 ALFRED THE GREAT
LESSON 78 LIVING ON A FARM
LESSON 79 HUGH IDLE AND MR。 TOIL
LESSON 80 HUGH IDLE AND MR。 TOIL (CONCLUDED。)
LESSON 81 BURNING THE FALLOW
LESSON 82 THE DYING SOLDIERS
LESSON 83 THE ATTACK ON NYMWEGEN
LESSON 84 THE SEASONS
LESSON 85 BRANDYWINE FORD
LESSON 86 BRANDYWINE FORD (CONCLUDED。)
LESSON 87 THE BEST CAPITAL
LESSON 88 THE INCHCAPE ROCK
LESSON 89 MY MOTHER’S GRAVE
LESSON 90 A MOTHER’S GIFT—THE BIBLE


章節(jié)摘錄
　　LESSON 1 PERSEVERANCE　　1. "Will you give my kite a lift?" said my little nephew to his sister, after trying in vain to make it fly by dragging it along the ground. Lucy very kindly took it up and threw it into the air, but, her brother neglecting to run off at the same moment, the kite fell down again.　　2. "Ah! now, how awkward you are!" said the little fellow. "It was your fault entirely," answered his sister. "Try again, children," said I.　　3. Lucy once more took up the kite. But now John was in too great a hurry; he ran off so suddenly that he twitched the kite out of her hand, and it fell fl at as before. "Well, who is to blame now?" asked Lucy. "Try again," said I.　　4. They did, and with more care; but a side wind coming suddenly, as Lucy let go the kite, it was blown against some shrubs, and the tail became entangled1 in a moment, leaving the poor kite hanging with its head downward.　　5. "There, there!" exclaimed John, "that comes of your throwing it all to one side." "As if I could make the wind blow straight," said Lucy. In the meantime, I went to the kite's assistance; and having disengaged the long tail, I rolled it up, saying, "Come, children, there are too many trees here; let us find a more open space, and then try again."　　6. We presently found a nice grassplot, at one side of which I took my stand; and all things being prepared, I tossed the kite up just as little John ran off. It rose with all the dignity of a balloon, and promised a lofty flight; but John, delighted to find it pulling so hard at the string, stopped short to look upward and admire. The string slackened, the kite wavered, and, the wind not being very favorable, down came the kite to the grass. "O John, you should not have stopped," said I. "However, try again."　　7. "I won't try any more," replied he, rather sullenly. "It is of no use, you see . The kite won't fl y, and I don't want to be plagued with it any longer." "Oh, fie, my little man! would you give up the sport, after all the pains we have taken both to make and to fly the kite?A few disappointments ought not to discourage us. Come, I have wound up your string, and now try again."　　8. And he did try, and succeeded, for the kite was carried upward on the breeze as lightly as a feather; and when the string was all out, John stood in great delight, holding fast the stick and gazing on the kite, which now seemed like a little white speck in the blue sky. "Look, look, aunt, how high it flies! and it pulls like a team of horses, so that I can hardly hold it. I wish I had a mile of string: I am sure it would go to the end of it."　　9. After enjoying the sight as long as he pleased, little John proceeded to roll up the string slowly; and when the kite fell, he took it up with great glee1, saying that it was not at all hurt, and that it had behaved very well. "Shall we come out to-morrow, aunt, after lessons, and try again?"　　10. "I have no objection, my dear, if the weather is fine. And now, as we walk home, tell me what you have learned from your morning's sport." "I have learned to fly my kite properly." "You may thank aunt for it, brother," said Lucy, "for you would have given it up long ago, if she had not persuaded you to try again."　　11. "Yes, dear children, I wish to teach you the value of perseverance, even when nothing more depends upon it than the flying of a kite. Whenever you fail in your attempts to do any good thing, let your motto3 be,-try again."　　EXERCISES.-What is the subject of this lesson? Why was John discouraged in his　　attempts to fl y his kite? What did his, aunt say to him? What may we learn from this? What should be our motto if we expect to be successful?　　……








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